Cruise Industry 4.

Expert Engagement – The cruise

• Phenomenal Growth industry sought the insights and
o Include several guidance of leading scientists and public
countries/continents health experts to help plan
o Increase in the number of cruise 5. Enhanced Protocol – The
ships recommendations of outside experts
• Outstanding example of Globalization helped inform a mandatory set of
o One country to another country enhanced protocols for CLIA ocean-
o Offering services to all going members
• Important economic, legal, 6. Continuous Evaluation - The cruise
environmental, and social implications industry will continue to engage with
o Maintain safetiness of the sea leading experts and public health
o Add economic growth of one authorities
country
o Learn new cultures Following the Science - CLIA members
• Embrace innovation embraced rigorous and science-backed measures
o New developments to help protect passengers, crew and destinations
• Unprecedented development 1. Embarkation and Testing
o Bigger and wider ships to target a. 100% Passenger Testing
new passengers & new facilities b. 100% Crew Testing
• Heterogeneous clientele c. Additional Screenings
• Fastest-growing category in leisure 2. Onboard Procedure
travel market a. Mask Requirements
Shore Excursion – transfer additional sidetrips b. Physical Distancing
Shore Manager – provide information about c. Ventilation Strategies
excursion 3. Medical and Public Health
a. Enhanced Communications
Putting People First – cruise industry took b. Health Evaluations
immediate response and aggressive action in c. Pre-arranged Response
response emergence of COVID-19 public health Logistics
crisis 4. Shore Excursions
1. Immediate Response – CLIA (Cruise a. Strict Protocols
Lines International Association) b. Coordination with Destinations
announced the first changes to its public c. Denial of Boarding for
health policy at the end of January Violations
2. Suspension of Operations – By mid-
March, CLIA members voluntarily Evolution of the Cruise Ship
suspended cruise passenger sailings ➢ 1801 – tugboat Charlotte Dundas
worldwide becomes the first practical steam- driven
3. Crew Repatriation – CLIA cruise lines vessel
defied the odds and overcame ➢ 1815 – ship brokering firm was
unprecedented challenges to repatriate originally founded by Brodie McGhie
over 100,000 crew members Willcox and Arthur Anderson for trading
between England and the Iberian
 Peninsula Countries of Spain and ➢ 1911 – The Victoria Louise becomes the
Portugal first vessel to be built exclusively for
➢ 1818 – Black Bail Line introduces the cruising
Savannah, the first ship to cross the ➢ 1912 – The Titanic sank which
Atlantic from New York to Liverpool stimulated the improvement of safety on
➢ 1822 – Wilcox and Anderson eventually cruise ships
became The Peninsular and Oriental ➢ 1914 – all production of cruising came
Steam Navigation Company (P&O) to a halt at the beginning of WWI
➢ 1833 – Francesco I was recognized as ➢ 1920-1933 – booze cruises from US
one of the first cruise ship sailings ports allow customers to drink and
➢ 1835 – First advertised cruise is around gamble while visiting ports in Cuba,
the Shetland and Orkney Islands that Bermuda, and the Bahamas
never actually took place ➢ 1922 – the first world cruise was made
➢ 1837 – Peninsular Steam Navigation by Cunard’s Laconia
company was founded ➢ 1927 – Ille de France completely
➢ 1840 – Samuel Cunard establishes the decorated in a modern contemporary
first transatlantic steamship style and introduced the now- famous
➢ 1843 – Isambard Kingdom Brunel’s ship art-deco style
the “Great Britain” is launched, the first ➢ 1929 – P&O’S Viceroy of India featured
iron-hulled propeller- driven customer the first use of turbo-electric power and
vessel the first onboard swimming pool
➢ 1844 – P&O introduced “leisure ➢ 1930 – Union Castle offers holiday tours
excursions” that allowed passengers to to South Africa
travel to the Iberian Peninsula and the ➢ 1934 – The luxury cruise liner RMS
Mediterranean from Southampton Queen Mary is launched with the ratio
➢ 1858 – customers pay to join the 21 (passengers crew)
Ceylon, a P&O vessel, for what is ➢ 1938 – SS Normandie undertakes a 21-
considered the first cruise day cruise. New York- Rio de Janeiro-
➢ 1867 – The ship, Quaker City, was the New York. The cost per customer is
first cruise from New York to Europe from US $395 to US $8,600
➢ 1880 – the P&O ship the SS Ravenna ➢ 1939 – Second World War starts cruise
was the first ship to be constructed as a ships such as the Queen Mary and
100 percent steel superstructure Queen Elizabeth are converted as troop
➢ 1881 – The Ceylon is refitted to become carriers
a purpose-built customer ship ➢ 1939-1945 – Queen Mary, Aquitania,
➢ 1889 – The SS Valetta was the first ship Cap Arcona, Laconia, Queen Elizabeth
to use electric lights and the Orontes were used to transport
➢ 1891 – Augusta Victoria expanded the troops. Many ocean liners were
cruises ship to a wider market destroyed during the war
➢ 1900 – First ship that was built ➢ 1958 – the first transatlantic commercial
exclusively for luxury cruising was the jet- aircraft crossing leads to the demise
Prinzessin Victoria Luise of Germany of the liner market
➢ 1910 – White Star introduces the ➢ 1966 – the cruise industry recovers-
Olympic mainly centered on the UK
➢ 1970 – New cruise companies are and waste" to power ships. It was a big
established, TV series, The Love Boat year for CLIA which held its first Asia
airs in 1977 Conference, first Luxury Showcase its
➢ 1979 – Onboard revenue represents 5% first roundtables and moved its River
of total revenue Conference to Paris
➢ 1984 – Carnival cruisers airs first TV ➢ 2019 – Cruise lines deploy new, larger
commercial vessels that have been purpose-built for
➢ 1986 – Windstar, a vessel with Asian consumers Destinations in the
computerized sails is introduced continent expected to have growth
➢ 1990 – Consolidation and globalization include India, Malaysia, Indonesia,
occur leading to mergers and Singapore, Japan, Hong Kong, and
acquisitions South Korea
➢ 1999 – higher levels of sophistication ➢ 2020 - The 25th ship in Royal
economy of scale and the concept of the Caribbean's fleet, Symphony of the Seas
vessel as a destination is currently the world's largest cruise
➢ 2000 – segmentation and lifestyle ship
cruising
➢ 2003 – Carnival Corporation becomes The Language of Cruising
the largest cruise operator when they • Port-of-call – a place where a ship stops
merge with P&O Princess Cruises on a voyage.
➢ 2006 – NCL (Norwegian Cruise Line) • SOLAS – Safety of Life at Sea
launches the freestyle concept • Tender – small boats to transfer people
➢ 2009 – Royal Caribbean’s Oasis-class to an island with shallow waters.
ship Oasis of the Seas becomes the • Bulkhead – inner walls within the hull
world’s largest cruise ship of a ship, used to separate it into smaller
➢ 2010 – total worldwide cruise market is compartments.
estimated to be US$30 billion, with • Hull – watertight outer skin covering the
Carnival Corporation in control of a lower portion of the vessel, engineered
51.6% share and Royal Caribbean to provide sufficient protection for the
25.6% cargo, machinery, and passenger
➢ 2011 – Carnival Corporation announces accommodation.
its 100th ship ‘Carnival Magic' • Inside Cabin – also known as interior
➢ 2015 – Increasing numbers of cruise cabins or rooms, it lines the interior
ships are being built using liquefied hallways aboard cruises and are often
natural gas (LNG) as a fuel source the smallest cabins on the ship, no
➢ 2016 – Cruise ships embrace internet windows or balcony.
technologies to ensure guests remain
• Outside Cabin – also known as ocean
connected
view cruise ship cabins, come with a
➢ 2017 – Nearly 1000 ports around the window
globe and expansion in markets like
• Starboard – right side of the ship, port
Asia and Australia
is the left side. Starboard is where the
➢ 2018 – The industry made a concerted
ship is steered.
effort to be greener, to ban single-use
• Stabilizer – fins or rotors mounted
plastic, and use (fish) heads "dead fish
beneath the waterline and emerging
 laterally from the hull to reduce a ship’s • Deck Plan - Drawing or "map" that
roll due to wind or waves. shows the layout of a ship's decks,
• Gangway – the narrow ramps or cabins, and other areas.
passages used by passengers to embark • At-sea Day - a day spent in transit on
or debark from a ship. your cruise while the ship is sailing to its
• Buoy - an anchored float serving as a next destination.
navigation mark, to show reefs or other • Bridge - a dedicated control room near
hazards, or for mooring. the front of the ship, located towards the
• Deck - a permanent covering over a front of a cruise ship in an elevated
compartment or a hull of a ship, it forms position.
the “roof” of the hull. • Muster Station - he place where
• Space Ratio - take the tonnage of a ship passengers gather in the event of an
in relation to the number of passengers emergency.
that it can house at full occupancy we • Helm - the part that is used to steer it, it
are getting a passenger space ratio. is the steering station that includes
o the enclosed space (measured in engine controls and a wheel or joystick.
ft3/cubic feet) per passenger • GRT – Gross register tonnage, the total
o A ship of 45,000 GT (gross internal volume of cargo vessels (1 GRT
tonnage) with capacity 1,000 = 100 cubic feet/ 2.83 cubic meters.
passengers will have a space • Knot - a form of measurement that
ratio 45 (or 45ft3=45000/1000) equals one nautical mile.
• Aboard - entry of a person or a thing • Cabin – they are cruise ship rooms akin
into a vehicle such as a railway, to hotel rooms.
airplane, or ship. While onboard is used • Keel – ship’s bottom center, the initial
to describe the situation that the person step in the construction of a ship.
or a thing is already in a vehicle such as • Porthole - circular window used on the
an airplane, ship, or railway. hull of ships to admit light and air.
• Galley - a kitchen on a cruise ship (or • Pitch – the up and down motion of a
any vessel, for that matter) vessel
• Bow - the part of the ship that faces • Pier - designed for docking to allow
forward when the ship is underway, passengers on and off the ship, and/or
usually distinguished by a sharply for the ship to restock its provisions.
angled hull that provides less resistance • Berth - Beds on a Cruise Ship or in a
making it easier for the ship to plow Cruise Cabin (upper bunks: pullman
through the water. beds
• Forward - the most forward side, at the
front of a cruise ship, facing the bow. Cruise Ship – passenger vessel over 100 gross
• Aft - The rear of a ship, at the direction tons, carrying more than 12 passengers for hire,
of a ship's stern. making voyage lasting more than 24 hours
• Roll - the tilting motion of the ship from • Luxury vessel that is used to take
side to side. passengers on a pleasure voyage in a
• Beam - its width at its widest point. journey that is as much a part of the
 experience as the various destinations on 2. Engineering/Technical Department –
the way Ensuring the safety
3. Hotel/Passenger Services Department
Cruise – (Hotel Management Job) Has direct
• A vacation trip by a ship service to passengers
• Transport service by sea or inland
waterway, operated exclusively for the Other Departments:
purpose of pleasure or recreation, a. Medical Officers
supplemented by accommodation and b. Principal Medical Officer
other facilities, exceeding two overnight c. Senior Nurse & Nurses
stays on board d. Cruise Director
• To make a trip by sea in a line for e. Entertainment
pleasure, usually calling at a number of f. Port Lecturers
ports g. Children’s Staff

Elements of Cruising Category of Cruise Personnel

• C-onnectivity 1. Officers – elite group of employees who
• R-egional Competitiveness oversee nautical and mechanical aspects
• U-tilization of ship; privilege of having private
stateroom; complete authority over any
• I-nfrastracture
crew/staff
• S-ecurity
2. Staff – consists of upper-level positions;
• E-nvironmental Management
direct contact with passengers; work
• P-orts of Call
shorter hours
• O-cean
3. Crew Members – have own crew
• R-ecreational Activities facilities; work long hours; eligible to
• T-raffic receive tips

Cruising as Industry WHO’S WHO IN CRUISING?

1. Culture (at sea) – mix of maritime and A. Captain – commander of the ship
hospitality B. Staff Captain – safety related matters
2. Contracts (for maritime employee) – C. Passenger Service Director – all hotel
operate vessel 24/7 subject to int’l rather service
nat’l regulation D. Chief Technical Officer – oversees all
3. Community (at sea) – crew are engineering
multinational E. Chief Radior/Communication Officer
4. Context (of maritime setting) – – all communication onboard
landscape/seascape changes with cruise F. Chief Medical Officer – health of
passengers and crew
Organization of Cruise Ship Personnel G. Hotel Manager/Director – guest
1. Deck Department – Oversees the satisfaction and comfort
navigation (weather conditions is their H. Purser/Chief Purser – administer day-
nemesis) to-day affairs
 I. Purser Staff – well versed in 2. Passenger Services
immigration 3. Administration and Personnel
J. Cruise Director – coordinates all 4. Finance
entertainment and information activities 5. Additional Areas
K. Chief De Partie – knowledgeable of
fine cuisines Recruitment Practices
L. Executive Chef – every aspect of food Manning Agency - one responsible for a
M. F&B Manager – oversees area where number of activities intended for crew
f&b served management companies
N. Cabin Steward – cleaning and fixing • sourcing, selecting, deploying,
rooms scheduling, recruiting, training, and
O. Sous Chef – prepares food upgrading programs related to seafarers
P. Maitre D’Hotel – supervises food
Q. Receptionist – in and out of passengers MARINA – Maritime Industry Authority
(issuing seaman’s book)
Shipboard Culture
• the customary beliefs, social forms, and Important Documents for Seafarers’
material traits of a racial, religious, or Employment
social group • Valid Philippine Passport
• the characteristics and knowledge of a • Seamans Book/ Seafarers Identification
particular group of people, and Record Books SIRB (MARINA)
encompassing language, religion, • Seafarers Registration Certificate
cuisine, social habits, music and arts (POEA)
o Hospitable • NBI clearance
o Friendly • Police clearance
o Tolerant • Social Security System Number
o Flexible • Local or international employment
o Skilled certificate.
o Respectful
• Pictures 1x1 & 2x2
o Service-oriented
• Medical Certificates
o Gentleness
• TESDA training certificates
o Patience
• Transit Visa
• STCW 95 - The Standards of Training,
The Human Side of Service Quality
Certification and Watch keeping for
(Mental, Physical, and Psychosocial Stressors)
Seafarers 1995
1. Loneliness
2. Long Separation from Family
Basic Training Course
3. Fatigue
1. Personal Survival
4. Limited Recreation Activity
2. Fire Fighting
5. Multinationality
3. First Aid
6. Sleep Disturbances
4. Personal Safety & Social
Responsibility (PSSR)
Management of Hotel Services on Cruise
5. Ship Security Awareness
1. Food and Drink
 6. Crowd Management International Cruise Line Passenger Bill of
7. Passenger Safety Rights
8. Safety Training for personnel direct 1. The right to disembark a docked ship if
services to passengers essential provisions such as food, water,
toilet facilities and access to medical
Filipino Workforce in the Cruise Sector care cannot adequately be provided
➢ “The ship's deck officers are European, onboard, subject only to the Master's
the social staff American and British, concern for passenger safety and
and the hotel staff, perhaps the line's security and customs and immigration
greatest asset are Filipino." (Cruise requirements of the port.
Industry News, 2009) 2. The right to a full refund for a trip that is
➢ "Filipinos are highly appreciated as crew cancelled due to mechanical failures, or
members due to their outstanding a partial refund for voyages that are
service-oriented attitude” terminated early due to those failures.
➢ "Filipino culture is characterized by a 3. The right to have available on board
high degree of collectivism which ships operating beyond rivers or coastal
supports job motivation and loyalty, as waters full-time, professional emergency
well as the willingness to co-operate medical attention, as needed until shore
with coworkers." side medical care becomes available.
➢ "Filipino seafarers in general, are the 4. The right to timely information updates
preferred nationality of a ship's as to any adjustments in the itinerary of
workforce." the ship in the event of a mechanical
➢ "Filipino seafarers are hardworking', failure or emergency, as well as timely
"flexible', 'subservient”, “family- updates of the status of efforts to address
oriented', and 'happy employees who mechanical failures.
can well whilst travelling the world for 5. The right to a ship crew that is properly
free on-board cruise ships trained in emergency and evacuation
procedures.
Guest Services 6. The right to an emergency power source
- High Quality of Service in the case of a main generator failure.
- Officers, Managers, Crew, and Staff 7. The right to transportation to the ship's
scheduled port of disembarkation or the
Guest Care Practices passenger's home city in the event a
1. Initial Responders – immediate cruise is terminated early due to
assistance to guest and determine level mechanical failures.
of assistance they need 8. The right to lodging if disembarkation
2. Guest Assistance Considerations – no and an overnight stay in an unscheduled
one will be left behind port are required when a cruise is
3. Post Incident Considerations – terminated early due to mechanical
evaluated on case-to-case basis and failures.
dependent upon guest and family’s 9. The right to have included on each
wishes cruise line's website a toll-free phone
line that can be used for questions or
 information concerning any aspect of IMO – International Maritime Organization
shipboard operations. (1982) – original name before “Inter-
10. The right to have this Cruise Line Governmental Maritime Consultative
Passenger Bill of Rights published on Organization” (IMCO)
each line's website. - 1948: int’l conference in Geneva
- 1958: IMO convention entered into
Cruise Segments force
a. Explorers - 1960: IMO’s first task is to adopt new
b. Admirals version of Int’l Convention (SOLAS
c. Marines Safety of Life at Sea)
d. Little mermaids - 1973: Int’l Convention for Prevention of
e. Escapers Pollution from Ships
f. Souvenirs o Modified by the protocol of
g. Adrift 1978
o Relating thereto (MARPOL
Categories of Modern Cruise Tourism 73/78)
a. Budget segment a. AFS (2001) – Anti-Fouling System
b. Contemporary segment b. BWM (2004) – Ballast Water
c. Premium segment Management to prevent the invasion of
alien species
Cruise rating system according to Belritz c. Hong Kong International Convention
Cruise Guide for the Safe and Environmentally
a. Standard - lower proportion of the price Sound Recycling of Ships (2009)
scale for cruises d. ISPS Code – International Ship and Port
b. Premium - middle band of the price Facility Security, made mandatory under
scale, featuring better amenities such as amendments to SOLAS (2002)
accommodation and restaurants e. SUA – Suppression of Unlawful Acts,
c. Luxury - upper level of the price scale IMO adopted its amendment to the
where amenities remain to be excellent Convention against the Safety of
Maritime Navigation (1988)
Shipping Industry – transporting cargo or f. IMSO (1970) – improved provision of
goods and people across seas and oceans radio and other messages to ships
internationally g. GMDSS – adopted in 1988 and began to
- Onboard Services and Facilities phased in 1992 and was fully
- Cruise Itinerary operational in 1999
h. International Safety Management
5 A’s of Cruising Code (1988) – applicable to passenger
1. Attractions ships, oil and chemical tankers, bulk
2. Activities carriers, gas carriers, and cargo high
3. Access speed craft of 500 gross tonnage
4. Accommodation i. International Convention on
5. Amenities Standards of Training, Certification,
and Watchkeeping for Seafarers (1978
 with amendments on 1995, 1997, and 8. The number of accessible cabins across
2010) – improve seafarer standards the cruise line fleet is increasing
j. UNCLOS (1982) – United Nations 9. Younger cruise travelers—from Gen Z
Convention for the Law of the Sea, to Millennials to Gen X—turn to travel
came into force 1994 “Constitution for advisors to book their cruises more so
the Ocean” than any other generation
a. EEZ (Exclusive Economic 10. Cruise holidays appeal to those looking
Zone) – extends 200 nautical for multi-generational travel options.
miles seawards 11. The CLIA-member cruise line fleet of
b. 12 nautical miles – foreign ships is projected to exceed 300 ocean-
vessels are allowed “innocent going vessels for the first time in 2024
passage” 12. Traveler interest in booking an
expedition cruise is higher than ever
Cruise Lines International Association 13. Cruise lines are offering more
(CLIA) immersive cruise travel opportunities to
- World’s largest cruise industry trade passengers
association 14. More cruise travelers plan to book
- Representatiom in north and south longer cruises for their next holiday
America, Europe, Asia, and Australia 15. Family and friends have the most
- Advocating, Educating, and Promoting influence on traveler decisions to book a
common interests of cruise community cruise or not

CLIA 2023 Industry Facts and Trends ➢ North America remains the largest
2023-clia-state-of-the-cruise-industry- source market with other markets
report_low-res.ashx (cruising.org) increasing in popularity, especially
1. Younger generations are the future of the Med
cruise ➢ The Caribbean remains the top
2. There is more interest than ever before destination for cruise travelers
among Millennials and Gen-X travelers
to take their first cruise
3. To attract more first-time cruisers and
meet the needs of repeat cruisers, cruise
lines are offering both shorter and longer
cruise itineraries.
4. Solo cruise travel is on the rise
5. There is an acceleration of
environmental technologies and
practices present on cruise ships
➢ The future of cruise is the
6. The commitment of cruise travelers and
younger generation—and
potential new-to-cruise travelers to the
getting younger. GenX and
environment is on the rise
Millennials are the most
7. Cruise lines are increasingly offering
enthusiastic about planning a
environmental education and sustainable
cruise holiday
tour experiences for passengers
 ➢ Many cruise lines are increasing Ship’s Registry, Nationality and Flag
the number of single cabins as - When a ship is registered, it is recorded
an increasing number of cruise officially and is indicative that the ship
travelers choose to cruise solo. possesses a certain nationality
➢ A cruise holiday meets the - The flag is symbolic and flown at the
needs of travelers with limited ship's stern as a mark of identification,
mobility more often than other but otherwise the term “flag” is
holiday travel options shorthand for the nationality of a vessel
➢ Younger generations are using
travel advisors to book cruises A cruise ship has many options for
at a higher rate than other registration with states or countries that
generations (who are more may be other than the owner's nationality.
seasoned cruisers) The reasons and benefits for this are many,
including:
Three Main Types of Itineraries 1. Creates neutrality in the event of conflict
1. Perennial - the region covered by the 2. Reduces the tax liability
itinerary is serviced throughout the year 3. Leads to reduced registration fees
as the demand remains resilient 4. Reduces crewing costs When registering
2. Seasonal – weather is the dominant a vessel for international travel, one
factor explaining seasonality must choose a nation under the flag of
3. Repositioning - because of the which that vessel will sail. The term
seasonality of the cruise industry the "flag of convenience" refers to
repositioning of ships between seasons registering a ship in a sovereign state
is required different from that of the ship's
owners. For workers onboard, this can
Caribbean Itineraries - the cradle of the cruise mean:
industry o low wages
- Caribbean is the world's largest cruise o poor on-board conditions
shipping market o inadequate food and clean
drinking water
Mediterranean Itineraries - The Mediterranean o long periods of work without
is the world's second largest cruise shipping proper rest, leading to stress and
market fatigue
- offers seaside resort destinations as well
as world class cultural amenities Why Register a Flag of Convenience?
- By "flagging out, ship owners can take
Cruise Destinations advantage of:
- cruise destinations include the o minimal/ reduced regulation
Caribbean, Alaska, Europe, Asia, South o cheap registration fees
America and even full world cruises o low or no taxes
o freedom to employ cheap labour
from the global labour market
o lower administrative fees
o greater number of friendly ports
 compliance with applicable standards
What is a flag state? and managed responsibly.
- is the ship's registration country under
whose laws it is registered/licensed Prevention, Surveillance, and Response
Onboard plan is based on:
Closed and Open Registries c. Isolation
1. "Open Registries" are organizations d. Containment
that will register foreign-owned ships. e. Disinfection
2. "Closed (national) Registries" require f. Investigation
that a cruise ship be owned and g. Information / Education
constructed by national interests and to
be fully or partially crewed by its Environmental Stewardship - responsible
citizens. environmental practices and innovative
technologies
CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND 1. Air - build ships powered by liquefied
PREVENTION - CDC natural gas (LNG) - implement Ship
- is the nation's leading, science-based, Energy Management Plans for route
data-driven, service organization that planning and maintenance
protects the public's health. 2. Energy - high priority on energy
efficiency as part of their environmental
VESSEL SANITATION PROGRAM - VSP protection programs
- Promotes good practice, provides 3. Ocean Planning - participates in
information and training, and identifies regional ocean planning efforts with
potential hazards that could lead to the maritime stakeholders and provides
emergence of risk for passengers and direct input and feedback to address
crew. ocean management challenges and the
sustainable use of oceans
Inspection and Enforcement 4. Transparency - cruise ship receives
1. Port States - any country whose ports dozens of inspections each year from the
or waters are visited by cruise ship has ports they visit, countries where they are
full authority to make sure that it registered and other independent
follows international, national and local agencies
regulations 5. Waste Management - cruise lines
2. Countries of Registration - the country carefully follow waste management and
or flag state where a cruise ship is recycling practices to prevent waste in
registered must make certain that oceans by reducing, reusing, donating.
registered ships meet all international recycling and converting waste into
requirements energy
3. Classification Societies - Independent
agencies, called classification societies, A. Ensuring Safety and Security at Sea
conduct inspections on behalf of Flag a. Comprehensive Security
States, cruise ship owners, insurers and b. Highly Trained Security
other members of the maritime Personnel
community to ensure that ships are in B. Ensuring Health at Sea
 a. Sanitation - Know the plan, procedures, and
b. Screening instructions lo be given when leading an
c. Medical Facilities evacuation.
d. Inspected for Health - Know the equipment that can be used
e. Crewmember Training when leading an evacuation and the
C. Cruise Industry Policies equipment that is useful.
a. Operational Safety - Have immediate access to the passenger
b. Common Elements of Musters list in order to check gatherings of
and Emergency Instructions passengers, and to know emergency
c. Shipboard Security instructions for gathering passengers.
d. Environmental Protection
e. Health What is PANIC?
D. Crowd Management - A feeling of extreme fear or alarm
a. STCW 1978 – Standards of - A loss of self-control and group
Training, Certification, and belonging
Watchkeeping for Seafarers, - When people become impulsive and
adopted to promote safety of life misled
and property at sea and - An irrational, potentially dangerous
protection of marine behaviour, which may become very
environment contagious
b. Crowd Control Management - - Panic reaction is less when crisis
training program competence is high
c. Crowd Safety – involves using
right kind of communication Emergency Codes
and effectuating the perfect ➢ CODE ALPHA - Medical emergency
leadership skills ➢ CODE BRAVO - Fire
d. Crowd Management – ➢ CODE OSCAR - Man overboard
intelligent and disciplined ➢ CODE PAPA - Pirate attack
application of practical skills to ➢ CODE RED - Bomb threat
control a crowd ➢ CODE BLACK - Oil spill
e. Emergencies - situations which ➢ BRIGHTSTAR - Life threatening
passenger ship faces a situation situation for guest or crewmember
places the lives aboard in danger ➢ DACOTEAM - Structural damage
E. Psychology and Actions of People in ➢ 30-30 - Clean up required
Emergence ➢ Charlie, Charlie, Charlie - Security
threat
Basic Knowledge for Crowd Control ➢ Code ADAM – Missing child
- Know the movements of the passengers, ➢ Code BABY RUTH - Feces in the baby
where they are, and when, etc. pool
- Know that if the ship is listing, ➢ Code DELTA - Damage to the ship and
passengers generally have a tendency to might have detail to follow and teams
move to the higher part. called
 ➢ Code ORANGE - Colors are used for Power - Helps you to influence the passengers
illness outbreak- so orange is early to get them to do what you want them to do.
stages of norovirus infection Kinds of Power:
➢ Code RED - Illness has broken out, 1. Coercion power - using fear or force to
normally norovirus get passengers to do something
➢ Code YELLOW - Is a lesser illness 2. Connection power - this is based on
alert your connection with important people,
➢ Code SIERRA - Medical emergency such as the Captain
needing a stretcher 3. Expert power - this is based on your
➢ Code WINNIE - Feces in the pool skill and ability to do something
➢ ECHO - The ship is drifting, often 4. Information power - this is based on
caused by strong winds your knowing something that other do
➢ FALLEN STAR - death not know
➢ Kilo - All personnel to report to their 5. Position power - this is based on the
emergency posts rank or authority you have
➢ Mr. Mob - Some use to indicate a 6. Personal power - this is based on your
passenger or crew member has fallen relationship with the passenger
overboard 7. Reward power - this is based on your
➢ Operation Rising Star - A passenger ability to get others to see things in a
has died onboard positive way and can be useful even in
➢ PVI - Public vomiting incident difficult situations
➢ Red parties - Potential fire onboard
Style - choosing a way of communicating with
Emergency Communication people you think is right for them you are in
4 Modes of Behavior when Communicating Types of Style:
1. Passive Behavior – fails to express his 1. “X” style - this is the hard way of
thoughts communicating with people; if you think
2. Assertive Behavior – standing up for it is right to use this style, then you will
own rights and expressing own be telling them what to do
thoughts 2. "Y" style - this is the soft way of
3. Aggressive Behavior – expressing communicating with people; when using
thoughts and feelings and depending his this style, you will be asking them to do
rights in a way that is usually something
inappropriate 3. “X/Y” style - this is a style of
4. Responsive Behavior – sensitivity for communication that is somewhere
expressing other’s thoughts, standing between the X and Y styles
up for rights and feelings in right way 4. Leadership Style – autocratic,
dictatorial, and directive.
Communication Onboard the Cruise a. A ship’s leadership must
Stages of Crowd Management successfully exercise command
authority to overcome of contain
Stage 1: Gathering Information problems as well as generate an
Stage 2: What can you do? atmosphere of good order and
confidence among crew
 members and passengers and 2. Preparedness - includes all preventive
facilitate problem solution. and damage minimizing actions planned
i. Tools - A uniform, for its prevention fails and the situation
brightly colored hat, develops towards a crisis.
tunic or a badge,
Placards and signs,
Megaphones, whistles,
and torches, Other ship's
staff and passengers

Stage 3 Implementation - practically applying

the resources that have been chosen
Stage 4 Verification - checking if the
implementation of the crowd management skills
had been effective

Five (5) major factors for successful handling

of an emergency situation:
1. Technology - relevant equipment must
be designed for its intended purpose
2. Procedures - fit on technology and be
routinely evaluated and verified board
3. Personal characteristics - problem
solving capabilities and former
experiences with emergency situations
have significant effect
4. Cohesion - the degree of comradeship,
loyalty and understanding between
members
5. Training - personnel and teams
evidencing the best performance in
accident analysis

Emergency Preparedness = Organization

Instructions > Human Factor + Action Plans

The safety concept of shipboard emergency

procedures is consisting of:
1. Prevention - includes all actions taken
to prevent unwanted situations to
develop including situations where there
is a risk of losing control.