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Physics Experiment - 4

The document describes an experiment to determine the equivalent resistance of two resistors connected in series and parallel. When resistors are connected in series, the total resistance (Rs) is equal to the sum of the individual resistances (Rs = R1 + R2). When connected in parallel, the equivalent or total resistance (Rp) is calculated using the formula: 1/Rp = 1/R1 + 1/R2. The experiment involves setting up the circuit with two resistors and measuring current and voltage to calculate resistances. For resistors in series, the experimental equivalent resistance matched the calculated value of Rs = R1 + R2. For parallel, the experimental Rp matched the calculated value of Rp = 2⁄3 Ω

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177 views4 pages

Physics Experiment - 4

The document describes an experiment to determine the equivalent resistance of two resistors connected in series and parallel. When resistors are connected in series, the total resistance (Rs) is equal to the sum of the individual resistances (Rs = R1 + R2). When connected in parallel, the equivalent or total resistance (Rp) is calculated using the formula: 1/Rp = 1/R1 + 1/R2. The experiment involves setting up the circuit with two resistors and measuring current and voltage to calculate resistances. For resistors in series, the experimental equivalent resistance matched the calculated value of Rs = R1 + R2. For parallel, the experimental Rp matched the calculated value of Rp = 2⁄3 Ω

Uploaded by

shreyassuman8
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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You are on page 1/ 4

Experiment – 4A: Determination of equivalent resistance of two

resistors when connected in series

Aim
To determine the equivalent resistance of two resistors when connected in series.

Materials Required
• Two resistors • A battery eliminator • Ammeter
• Plug key • Connecting wires • A piece of sandpaper
• Voltmeter • Rheostat

Theory
When two or more resistors are connected end to end to each other, then they are said to be
connected in series.
In series combination,
• Current flowing is same through each resistor.
• The potential difference across each resistor is different.

The formula to calculate equivalent resistance in series is: Rs = R1+R2

Procedure
1. Make the connections, according to your diagram alongside.
2. Connect ammeter in series and
voltmeter in parallel and rheostat
in series with respect to two
registers in the circuit.
3. Carefully check the + ve and - ve
terminals of the battery, voltmeter
and ammeter, and the
connections as shown in Fig. (i).
4. Record the reading of amateur and
wood meter by inserting a key.
5. By adjusting the rheostat, note
three readings.
6. Now connect voltmeter in parallel
one by one to the individual
resistance as shown in Fig. (ii) and
note down the readings.
7. Plug the key, measure the potential difference across the first register. Let it be V1.
8. Similarly, measure the potential difference across the second register separately. Let
the value be V2. Calculate the relationship between V, V1 and V2.
9. Calculate resistance using formula R = V/I.
10. Perform these steps to calculate R1, R2 and Rs.
Circuit Diagram

Observations

Result
• The calculated value of equivalent resistance, Rs = R1+R2 = 3 Ω
• The experimental value of equivalent resistance, Rs = 3 Ω
• The equivalent resistance Rs is more than the individual resistances.
Precautions
1. Thick copper wires should be used as connecting wires and using sandpaper, their
insulation should be removed.
2. The connections should be tight, otherwise some external registers may introduce into
the circuit.
3. Ammeter should be connected in serial with the register such that the current enters
at the positive terminal and leaves are the negative terminal of the ammeter.
4. Voltmeter should be connected in parallel with the resistor.
5. To avoid unnecessary heating in the circuit, the current should be passed for a short
time.
Experiment – 4A: Determination of equivalent resistance of two
resistors when connected in parallel

Aim
To determine the equivalent resistance of two resistors when connected in parallel.
Materials Required
• Two resistors • A battery • Ammeter
• Plug key • Connecting wires • A piece of sandpaper
• Voltmeter • Rheostat

Theory
When two or more resistors are connected between two points then they are said to be
connected in parallel.
In parallel combination,
• The potential difference is same across each resistor.
• The current flowing through each resistor is different.
The formula to calculate equivalent resistance in series is: 1/Rp = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3

Procedure
1. Make the connections, according
to your diagram alongside.
2. Keep the key off and make all the
connections as shown in the given
figure I.
3. When the circuit is connected
appropriately, insert the key.
4. Note three readings of ammeter
and voltmeter using rheostat for
resistors R1 and R2 separately.
5. Now connect the circuit as shown
in figure II.
6. The resistors and the voltmeters
are connected in parallel.
7. Use the rheostat and record three different readings of ammeter and voltmeter.
8. Remove the key and do the calculations from the observation table.
9. Calculate resistance R1 using formula R = V/I.
10. Similarly, calculate R2 and Rp (equivalent resistance in parallel) by following above
steps.
Circuit Diagram

Observations

Calculation

Result
• The calculated value of equivalent resistance, Rp = ⅔ Ω = 0.67 Ω
• The experimental value of equivalent resistance, Rp = ⅔ Ω = 0.67 Ω
• The equivalent resistance Rp is less than the individual resistances.
Precautions
1. Thick copper wires should be used as connecting wires and using sandpaper, their
insulation should be removed.
2. The connections should be tight, otherwise some external registers may introduce into
the circuit.
3. Ammeter should be connected in serial with the register such that the current enters
at the positive terminal and leaves are the negative terminal of the ammeter.
4. Voltmeter should be connected in parallel with the resistor.
5. To avoid unnecessary heating in the circuit, the current should be passed for a short
time.

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