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Lec 2 Definition & Components

Geographic Information System (GIS) is defined as a system that integrates hardware, software, and data to capture, manage, analyze and display geographically referenced information. The key components of a GIS include hardware like computers and peripherals to input data, software for data management, analysis and visualization, geographically referenced data that has both spatial and attribute components, methods for analyzing and querying the data, and personnel to manage and apply the system. A GIS allows users to understand relationships in data through maps, reports and other visualizations.

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35 views9 pages

Lec 2 Definition & Components

Geographic Information System (GIS) is defined as a system that integrates hardware, software, and data to capture, manage, analyze and display geographically referenced information. The key components of a GIS include hardware like computers and peripherals to input data, software for data management, analysis and visualization, geographically referenced data that has both spatial and attribute components, methods for analyzing and querying the data, and personnel to manage and apply the system. A GIS allows users to understand relationships in data through maps, reports and other visualizations.

Uploaded by

Md Saiful Islam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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DEFINITION AND

COMPONENTS OF GIS
MetTh210: GIS and Remote Sensing (03 Credit)
Aishia Fyruz Aishi
Lecturer
Department of Meteorology
University of Dhaka
[email protected]
GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS)

Definition: A system that is designed


to integrate hardware, software and
data for capturing, managing,
analyzing and displaying all forms of
geographically referenced information.
GIS allows us to view, understand,
interpret and visualize data in many
ways that reveal relationships, patterns
and trends in the form of maps, reports
and charts.
COMPONENTS OF GIS
COMPONENTS OF GIS

Hardware: computer or Central Processing Unit is the general hardware


component of the GIS. It is attached to a disk drive storage unit, used for storing
data and program. Devices like digitizer, scanner are used for converting the data
which is available in the form of maps and documents into digital form and send
them to computer. Display device or a plotter is used which presents the result of
data processing.
Software: programs and user interface for driving the hardware. GIS software is
essential to generate, store, analyze, manipulate and display geographic
information or data. Basic functions a GIS software should offer can be grouped
into data capture, data management, data analysis and visualization.
SOFTWARE

Data capture: importing of digital data from a disk, network or database or


digitizing it through the use of peripheral devices.
Data management: data editing and maintenance. Editing involves functions such
as adding, duplicating and deleting spatial and attribute data as well as creation and
management of metadata. It also includes tools to detect errors and to perform
transformations is another aspect of data management.
Data analysis: functions for data integration and modeling.
Visualization: tools to present data in various ways, ranging from displaying tabular
information, over graph/chart production, to printing maps. Some GIS offer
advanced visualization beyond two dimensions, such as digital elevation model
(DEM).
ADDITIONAL FEATURES

GIS software should offer ways for customizing and creating new tools and
applications according to your needs. Depending on the software, this can either be
done through well known programming or scripting languages such as Visual Basic
or Python, or through a programming language specifically provided by the
application.
COMPONENTS OF GIS (CONTD.)

Data: Geographic data and related tabular data can be collected, compiled to
custom specifications and requirements, or occasionally purchased from a
commercial data with other existing data resources, often stored in a corporate
database management system (DBMS).
Geographically referenced data describes both the location and characteristics of
spatial feature on earth surface. Therefore it involves two geographic data
components –
1. Spatial data the absolute and relative location of geographic feature relating to
the geometry of a spatial feature.
2. Attribute data characteristics of spatial features. These are what we refer to as
tabular data that gives information about the spatial features.
COMPONENTS OF GIS (CONTD.)

Methods or Procedures: these are used to input, analyze and query data that
determine the quality and validity of the final product.
People: these are the people who manage the system and develop plans for
applying it to real world problems. It includes the GIS experts that range from
technical specialists who design and maintain the system to GIS users who use it to
help them perform their everyday work.
THANK YOU!

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