MAT 132: Calculus 2

Practice Problems: Solutions

Stony Brook University Fall 2021

Problem 1.
Z Z
−x 2 1 1
x
e2x + e−2x + 2 dx = e2x − e−2x + 2x + C.



e +e dx =
2 2

Z π/2
3 cos2 x sin xdx
0
Z
For an integral cosn x sinm xdx, where m is odd, we can apply the substitution
u = cos x, du = − sin xdx. We have:
Z π/2 Z 0 Z 1
1
3 cos2 x sin xdx = −3u2 du = 3u2 du = u3 0
= 1.
0 1 0

Equivalently, we can first compute the indefinite integral:

Z Z
3 cos x sin xdx = −3u2 du = −u3 + C = − cos3 x + C,
2

then: Z π/2
π/2
3 cos2 x sin xdx = − cos3 x 0
= 1.
0

Z π
cos2 x + cos2 (2x) dx


0
1 + cos(2x)
Recall that cos2 x = . Therefore:
2
Z π Z π 
2 2

1 + cos(2x) 1 + cos(4x)
cos x + cos (2x) dx = + dx =
0 0 2 2
π π
π sin(2x) sin(4x)
x 0
+ + = π.
4 0 8 0

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 Z 1
3
x2 ex dx
0

Substitution: u = x3 and du = 3x2 dx. We have:

Z 1 Z 1 u 1
2 x3 e eu e−1
x e dx = du = = .
0 0 3 3 0 3

2−x
Z
dx
x(x + 1)
Partial fraction decomposition:
2−x A B
= +
x(x + 1) x x+1
or:
2 − x = A(x + 1) + Bx
Setting x = 0, we obtain 2 − 0 = A(1 + 0) + B0; i.e., A = 2. Setting x = −1, we obtain
2 − (−1) = A(1 − 1) + B(−1); i.e., B = −3. We have:
2−x 2 3
= −
x(x + 1) x x+1

and
2−x
Z Z Z
2 3
dx = dx − dx = 2 ln |x| − 3 ln |x + 1| + C.
x(x + 1) x x+1

Z
ln(x2 + x)dx

Observe that
Z Z Z Z
2


ln(x + x)dx = ln x(x + 1) dx = ln(x)dx + ln(x + 1)dx.

Z x > 0.)
(We assumed that
Recall that ln(x)dx = x ln x − x + C. Indeed, integrating by parts:
Z Z Z
0
ln(x)dx = x ln x − x(ln x) dx = x ln x − 1dx = x ln x − x + C.

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Substituting u = x + 1, we obtain
Z Z
ln(x + 1)dx = ln udu = u ln u − u + C = (x + 1) ln(x + 1) − (x + 1) + C.

Therefore,
Z Z
ln(x)dx + ln(x + 1)dx = x ln x − x + (x + 1) ln(x + 1) − (x + 1) + C.

Problem 2. Let R denote the region in the plane bounded by the 4 curves x = 0,
x = π, y = 0, and y = sin x + 1.
(a) Compute the area of R.
(b) Compute the volume when R is rotated around the x-axis.

Solution. (a) The area is

Z π
(sin x + 1)dx = (− cos x + x)|π0 = π + 2.
0

(b) The volume is

π π π  
1 − cos(2x)
Z Z Z
2 2
π(sin x + 1) dx = π(sin x + 2 sin x + 1)dx = π + 2 sin x + 1 dx
0 0 0 2
  π
x − sin(2x)/2
=π − 2 cos x + x = 3π 2 /2 + 4π.
2 0

Problem 3. A particle is moving along the x-axis; its speed at any time t ≥ 0 is given
in terms of t by the formula t2 et .
Compute the total distance traveled by the particle during the time interval 0 ≤ t ≤ 2.
Z 2
Solution. The total distance is t2 et dt. The integral is computed using integration by
0
parts: Z Z Z
t2 et dt = t2 et − 2tet dt = t2 et − 2tet + 2et dt = t2 et − 2tet + 2et .

Therefore,
Z 2 Z 2
2 t 2 t t t 2 t t t
t e dt = t e − 2te + 2e dt = t e − 2te + 2e = 2e2 − 2.
0 0

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 Problem 4. For each of the following improper integrals, determine whether it con-
verges or not. If the integral converges, then determine its value.

Z 2
dx
−1 x3
Z ∞
x
dx
0 x2 + 1

Z ∞
x
dx
0 (x2 + 1)2

Z ∞
sin2 xdx
0
Z 2 Z 2 Z 0 Z 2
dx dx dx dx
Solution. The integral diverges because = + and
−1 x3 −1 x3 −1 x3 0 x3
0 t t  
−1 −1 −1
Z Z
dx dx
= lim = lim = lim −
−1 x3 t→0− −1 x3 t→0− 2x2 −1 t→0− 2t2 2(−1)2

diverges.

Substituting u = x2 + 1, we obtain:
Z Z
x 1 du 1 1
dx = = ln |u| = ln |x2 + 1|.
x2 + 1 2 u 2 2
Therefore,
Z ∞ L
x 1
2
dx = lim ln |x2 + 1| =∞
0 x +1 L→∞ 2 0
diverges.

Substituting u = x2 + 1, we obtain:
−1 −1
Z Z
x 1 du
2 2
dx = 2
= = .
(x + 1) 2 u 2u 2(x2 + 1)

Therefore,
∞ L
−1
Z
x
dx = lim = 1/2.
0 x2 + 1 L→∞ 2(x2 + 1) 0

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 Since
1 − cos(2x) x − sin(2x)/2
Z Z
2
sin xdx = dx = + C,
2 2
we have
∞ L
x − sin(2x)/2 L − sin(2L)/2
Z
sin2 xdx = lim = lim =∞
0 L→∞ 2 0 L→∞ 2
diverges.

Problem 5. A spring has a natural length of 10 cm. It takes 1 J to stretch the spring
from 10 cm to 15 cm. How much work would it take to stretch the spring from 5 cm to 20
cm?

Solution. Since it takes 1 J to stretch the spring from 10 cm to 15 cm, we have:

Z 15−10 Z 5
25k
1= kxdx = kxdx = ;
10−10 0 2

2
hence k = . We need
25
20−10 10 10
x2
Z Z
2 2
xdx = xdx = =3 J
5−10 25 −5 25 25 −5

to to stretch the spring from 5 cm to 20 cm.

Remark: it takes 0 J to stretch the spring from 5 cm to 15 cm.

Problem 6. Find the limits of the following sequences:

3 − n2 e1−n
a) lim , b) lim
n→∞ n3 − n(n2 − 1) n→∞ 1 + n

(1 + n!)2 2n
 
c) lim , d) lim − 2n
n→∞ (1 − n!)2 n→∞ 1 + 2−n
r
n + 3n 5n!
e) lim , f) lim .
n→∞ 3n + 5 n→∞ 2n +1

Solution.
3 − n2 3 − n2
a) lim = lim = −∞ diverges
n→∞ n3 2
− n(n − 1) n→∞ n

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 e1−n e
b) lim = lim =0
n→∞ 1 + n n→∞ (1 + n)en

1

2
(1 + n!)2 n! + 1
c) lim = lim
=1
n→∞ (1 − n!)2 n→∞ 1 − 1 2
n!

2n 2n − 2n (1 + 2−n )
 
−1
d) lim − 2n = lim = lim = −1
n→∞ 1 + 2−n n→∞ 1 + 2−n n→∞ 1 + 2−n

r s r
n + 3n n/3n + 1 0+1
e) lim = lim = =1
n→∞ 3n + 5 n→∞ 1 + 5/3n 1+0
5n!
f) lim =∞ diverges
n→∞ 2n +1

Problem 7. Determine if the following series converge absolutely, converge condition-

ally, or diverge. No explanation is required in this problem.
∞
X (−1)n
1)
0.5 − 2n
n=1

converges absolutely converges conditionally diverges

∞ ∞
X (−1)n X 1
We can compare n
to .
0.5 − 2 2n
n=1 n=1
∞
X 2n − n5
2)
n!
n=10

converges absolutely converges conditionally diverges

The n! in the denominator dominates.

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 ∞
X nπ + 2
3)
n ln n + 1
n=1

converges absolutely converges conditionally diverges

∞ ∞ ∞
X nπ + 2 X nπ−1 X n2.14... n2.14...
We can compare to = . Since the sequence =
n ln n + 1 ln n ln n ln n
n=1 n=1 n=1
∞ diverges, the series diverges as well.

∞ ∞
(−1)n
 
X
n 1 1 X
4) (−1) n − √ = √
n n+ n n+1
n=1 n=1

converges absolutely converges conditionally diverges

∞ ∞
X 3−n X 1
5) =
n n 3n
n=1 n=1

converges absolutely converges conditionally diverges

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 Problem 8. Consider the following Maclaurin series
∞
X (−1)n+1 xn x2 x3 x4 x5
ln(1 + x) = =x− + − + − ....
n 2 3 4 5
n=1

(a) Write the Maclaurin series for f (x) = ln(1 + 2x) and for g(x) = f 0 (x).
(b) What is the radius of convergence for the series in (a)?

Solution.
∞ ∞
X (−1)n+1 (2x)n X (−1)n+1 2n
f (x) = ln(1 + 2x) = = xn =
n n
n=1 n=1

22 2 23 3 24 4 25 5
2x − x + x − x + x − ...,
2 3 4 5
X∞
g(x) = f 0 (x) = (−1)n+1 2n xn−1 = 2 − 22 x + 23 x2 − . . .
n=1
1
The radius of convergence for f (x) and g(x) is – it can be easily computed using the
2
ratio test.

Problem 9. Consider the following Maclaurin series

∞
x3 x5 x7 X x2n+1
sin x = x − + − + ··· = (−1)n .
3! 5! 7! (2n + 1)!
n=0
Z
(a) Write the Maclaurin series for f (x) = x sin(x/5) and for g(x) = f (x)dx.
(b) What is the radius and interval of convergence for the series in (a)?

Solution.
∞ 2n+1 ∞
X
n (x/5)
X x2n+2
f (x) = x sin(x/5) = x (−1) = (−1)n .
(2n + 1)! 52n+1 (2n + 1)!
n=0 n=0

∞ ∞
x2n+2 x2n+3
Z X X
n
g(x) = (−1) 2n+1 dx = (−1)n + C.
5 (2n + 1)! (2n + 3)52n+1 (2n + 1)!
n=0 n=0

The radius of convergence of f (x) and g(x) is +∞ because of the (2n + 1)! in the
denominator. The interval of convergence is I = (−∞, ∞).

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 Problem 10. Find the general solutions to the following differential equations

dy
a) = 2 cos(2t + 1)y
dt

b) x2 y 0 = (x + 1)y

c) y 0 = ex+y

d) y 0 = x2 e y

Solve the following initial-value problems with the initial condition y(0) = 1

e) y0 = y + 1

f) y 0 = xy

Solution. These are separable differential equations.

Z Z
dy
a) = 2 cos(2t + 1)dt
y

ln |y| = sin(2t + 1) + C
y = ±esin(2t+1)+C = C2 esin(2t+1) ,
where C2 = ±eC .
Z Z
dy x+1
b) = dx
y x2
Z Z  
x+1 1 1
Note that dx = + dx = ln |x| − 1/x + C. Therefore,
x2 x x2

ln |y| = ln |x| − 1/x + C

y = ±eln |x|−1/x+C = C2 xe−1/x .

Z Z
−y
c) e dy = ex dx

−e−y = ex + C
y = − ln (−ex − C)
Z Z
−y
d) e dy = x2 dx

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 −e−y = x3 /3 + C
y = − ln −x3 /3 − C

Z Z
dy
e) = dx
y+1
ln |y + 1| = x + C
y = ±ex+C − 1 = C2 ex − 1,
where C2 = ±eC . The initial condition y(0) = 1 implies 1 = C2 e0 − 1; i.e. C2 = 2. The
answer:
y = 2ex − 1.
Z Z
dy
f) = xdx
y
ln |y| = x2 /2 + C
2 /2+C 2 /2
y = ±ex = C2 ex ,
C
where C2 = ±e . The initial condition y(0) = 1 implies 1 = C2 . The answer:
2 /2
y = ex .

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 Problem 11. Match the differential equations with corresponding direction vector
fields. No explanation is required in this problem.

y 0 = x/y, y 0 = y(3 − y), y 0 = x2 − y 2

y 0 = 2x − y, y 0 = −2, y0 = 1

y 0 = sin x cos x, y 0 = sin y, y 0 = |x|

(One equation is without a direction vector field.)

1) y 0 = 2x − y 2) y 0 = −2
5 5

2 2

0 0

−2 −2

−5 −5
−4 −2 0 2 4 −4 −2 0 2 4

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 3) y 0 = |x| 4) y0 = 1
5 5

2 2

0 0

−2 −2

−5 −5
−4 −2 0 2 4 −4 −2 0 2 4

5) y 0 = x2 − y 2 6) y 0 = sin x cos x
5 5

2 2

0 0

−2 −2

−5 −5
−4 −2 0 2 4 −4 −2 0 2 4

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 7) y 0 = sin y 8) y 0 = y(3 − y)
5 5

2 2

0 0

−2 −2

−5 −5
−4 −2 0 2 4 −4 −2 0 2 4

Explanation. It is easy to see that Equations y 0 = −2 and y 0 = 1 match Figures 2) and 4)

respectively. Indeed, the general solution of y 0 = −2 is −2x + C and every vector of the
associated field has the same “right-down” direction. Similarly, every vector associated with
Equation y 0 = 1 has the same “right-up” direction.
The right hand-side in Equations y 0 = y(3 − y) and y 0 = sin y is independent of x. This
means that vectors on the same horizontal line have the same direction. Only Figures 7)
and 8) have such property. (We already excluded Figures 2) and 4).) By analyzing where
y 0 > 0 (right-up vectors) and where y 0 < 0 (right-down vectors), we obtain that Equation
y 0 = y(3 − y) matches Figure 8) while Equation y 0 = sin y matches Figure 7).
1
The right hand-side in Equations y 0 = sin x cos x = sin(2x) and y 0 = |x| is independent
2
of y. This means that vectors on the same vertical line have the same direction. Only Figures
1
3) and 6) have such property. Equation y 0 = sin x cos x = sin(2x) matches Figure 6) as it
2
has a clear periodic pattern.
The remaining equations are y 0 = x/y, y 0 = x2 − y 2 and y 0 = 2x − y. By analyzing where
y 0 > 0 (right-up vectors) and where y 0 < 0 (right-down vectors), we see that y 0 = x2 − y 2
matches Figure 5) and y 0 = 2x − y matches Figure 1).

Problem 12. Find the general solutions to the following second order differential
equations

a) y 00 − 4y 0 + 4y = 0

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 b) y 00 − 13y 0 + 42y = 0

c) y 00 + 9y = 0

Solution. a) The quadratic equation is λ2 − 4λ + 4 = 0. It has a unique real root λ = 2.

The general solution:
y = C1 e2x + C2 xe2x .
b) The quadratic equation is λ2 − 13λ + 42 = 0. It has two real roots λ = 6 and λ = 7.
The general solution:
y = C1 e6x + C2 e7x .
b) The quadratic equation is λ2 + 9 = 0. It has two complex roots ±3i. The general
solution:
C1 cos(3x) + C2 sin(3x)

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