1. Purita’s professor gives a surprise quiz.

z. Although she is prepared and can answer the questions with ease, Purita can’t seem to calm her
racing thoughts. Even after finishing the quiz, her thoughts keep shifting as if she is watching a sped-up movie. She is alarmed by this as
she waits for her classmates to finish. Which of the following best describes her behavior?
A. Psychological Dysfunction
B. Disability
C. Personal Distress
D. Norm Violation

2. Girbaud, an alcoholic, is accused by his wife of being neglectful and apathetic towards his family. Irritated by her voice, he starts quarreling
with his wife in front of his children, going as far as intentionally breaking furniture. This becomes a constant scenario in their household
until he no longer talks with his wife and children. What characteristic of abnormality is shown?
A. Psychological Dysfunction
B. Disability
C. Personal Distress
D. Norm Violation

3. Silbia is appalled by her son-in-law’s behavior towards her wherein upon meeting, he holds her face and kisses her cheeks. She calls him
‘bastos!’ and considers him an indecent person. From this, which of the following can be inferred regarding abnormal behavior?
A. The most prominent sign of abnormal behavior is the reactions of other people
B. Norm violation as a criterion for abnormality should be relative and contextual
C. Abnormal behavior looks the same throughout generations and countries
D. All of the above

4. An actor laughs as she dangles 10 feet above the ground with just a rope around her waist, imitating an 'aswang' with fake blood and bat
wings. What reason best explains why this is NOT abnormal behavior?
A. The person is not in distress and thus is acting normally
B. Although laughing in the face of danger is not the norm, the context and circumstances of the person need to be considered
C. The person seems to be of sound mind if they can still experience laughter and humor
D. All of the above are equally valid reasons.

5. Among the following, who would most likely be considered as having abnormal behavior?
A. DJ cannot concentrate on his teacher's words since he has an erection from staring at her exposed toes.
B. Primo began yelling profanities, punching his monitor, and destroying his keyboard when he discovered he had lost 300,000 pesos to a
cryptocurrency scam.
C. Peej laughs at scary scenes as she watches a horror movie.
D. Josa scored the lowest among her class in a social adeptness scale.
E. All of the above are showing abnormal behavior.

6. Which of the following statements is least likely FALSE regarding the different criteria to identify abnormal behavior?
A. The characteristics are clearly defined and distinct from one another.
B. The characteristics cannot stand alone because they cannot individually define mental illness.
C. Abnormality can only be identified if all the characteristics are present
D. There are too many characteristics to define abnormality. Personal distress, norm violation, and disability are sufficient.

7. In Noli Me Tangere, Sisa’s mental well-being plummets as both of her sons go missing. She wanders around time, incoherent and
unintelligible. By the end of her story, she is described as insane and unable to recognize her son. Which of the following best describes
her condition?
A. Insidious onset, Good prognosis
B. Chronic course, Insidious onset
C. Acute onset, Bad prognosis
D. Insidious onset, Bad prognosis

8. In Japanese literature, there is a fictional disease called the Hanahaki disease, wherein flowers bloom inside a person’s lungs due to
unrequited love. Over time, these flowers slowly suffocate and eventually cause the death of an individual if their love remains
unreciprocated. What describes this fictional disease?
A. Time-limited, Acute, Bad prognosis
B. Episodic, Insidious, Good prognosis
C. Chronic, Insidious, Bad prognosis
D. Chronic, Acute, Good prognosis

9. The spiritistic tradition remains active in the Philippines, especially in remote areas. Which of the following scenarios does not adhere to
this tradition?
 A. Bowen believes that his mother is being possessed by their ancestors. Hence, he builds them and altar and makes offerings every
week.
B. Baby’s relatives say that she is depressed because she bathed too soon after giving birth.
C. Samuel seeks out a hypnotist to help with deal with his traumatic experiences.
D. Mang Bobby uses leeches to extract bad karma and curses from his clients.
E. All of the above
F. None of the above

10. Paracelsus believed that abnormal behavior occurred due to the influence of which of the following?
A. Fluid imbalances in the body
B. Movements and phases of the moon
C. Possessions of evil spirits
D. Rapid changes in body temperature

11. Historically, why was it only women who could become hysterical?
A. Hippocrates conceptualized ‘hysteria’ as a condition connected to pregnancy
B. Hippocrates described ‘hysteria’ as the result of a wandering uterus
C. Freud coined the term to describe the penis envy experienced by females
D. Freud used the term to describe the phallic phase of females where hostility feelings for the mother abound.

12. Ollie’s friends would describe him as a ‘chatterbox,’ someone ‘full of life’ and always ‘blushing.’ In applying Humoral psychology, how would
Ollie be described, and what disorders would he be most at risk of developing?
A. Choleric; Kleptomania
B. Sanguine; Mania
C. Choleric; Anxiety
D. Sanguine; Psychosis

13. In early treatments of psychoses, a substance was used to induce prolonged convulsions and superficial coma, leading to mental clarity in
patients. This substance was also known to stimulate appetite and produce relaxing effects. What is this substance, and who created this
treatment?
A. Marijuana; John Grey
B. Insulin; Manfred Sakel
C. Whisky; John Milton
D. Adrenaline; Cerletti and Bini

14. Jacky is the 7th child among ten siblings. She felt like she had to work hard for her parents' love and attention, constantly in competition
with her siblings. They would only acknowledge her if she had good grades. As an adult, she shows symptoms of a panic disorder, and her
therapist believes that her condition may have something to do with the expectations imposed on her as a child. The therapist is most
likely adhering to which perspective of psychopathology?
A. Biological perspective
B. Psychoanalytic perspective
C. Humanistic perspective
D. Behavioral perspective

15. From a behavioral perspective, phobia towards clowns can theoretically be developed by having several panic attacks in their proximity,
thereby associating the fear of having a panic attack with the clowns. In this scenario, which of the following pairings is accurate?
A. Clown – neutral stimulus
B. Clown – unconditioned stimulus
C. Panic attack – conditioned stimulus
D. Panic attack – neutral stimulus

16. Which of the following critiques against the humanistic and existential perspectives is least accurate?
A. The humanistic perspective lacks scientific and empirical rigor and evidence to support the effectiveness of their techniques.
B. The humanistic perspective disregards the psychotherapeutic relationship and overemphasizes unquantifiable components of behavior.
C. The humanistic perspective is not a viable approach for deeper and more severe psychological concerns such as psychosis.
D. All of the following are equally accurate
E. None of the following are accurate

17. Joseph Wolpe’s systematic desensitization has been a popular treatment for phobias. Which of the following is not involved in this
technique?
A. The patient creates a fear hierarchy which involves a series of scenarios with their phobic stimulus that slowly increase their fear
B. The patient will be asked to either imagine or experience the scenarios in their fear hierarchy, potentially eliciting a panic attack
 C. The patient will be taught relaxation techniques
D. The patient will be immediately exposed to the phobic stimulus for an extended period of time
E. All of the above

18. Indigo is shy, reserved, and anxious. He gets nervous quickly in front of others, especially when they ask him about his brother, who has
schizophrenia. What would be true with the diathesis-stress model?
A. He has high vulnerability and stress. There is a high likelihood that he will develop a disorder.
B. He has high life stress but only moderate diathesis. It would take more significant life stress to facilitate the development of a disorder.
C. Since he inherited certain qualities from those older than him, Inigo often seeks situations that make him anxious, leading to a disorder's
development.
D. His anxious nature and relations to someone with a psychological condition increase his diathesis, lowering the life stress needed to
trigger a disorder.

19. Although considered impoverished, Jamie excels in school and on his basketball team. He has never been in a romantic relationship, is
competently raised by a single mother, and is described as calm, reliable, and introverted. Which of the following would be TRUE with the
diathesis-stress model?
A. He has high vulnerability and stress. There is a high likelihood that he will develop a disorder.
B. He has high vulnerability but low stress. He needs to experience significant stress to develop a psychological disorder.
C. He has low vulnerability and stress. He has a low risk of developing a psychological disorder.
D. He has low vulnerability but high stress. He needs to manifest certain personality traits to develop a psychological disorder.

20. Hyperactivity of dopamine in the mesolimbic pathway of the brain has been associated with which of the following?
A. Positive psychotic symptoms
B. Negative psychotic symptoms
C. Parkinsonian symptoms
D. Labile affect

21. Which of the following statements about neurotransmitters is true?

A. Neurotransmitters are synthesized from precursor molecules circulated by blood and derived from food
B. Neurotransmitters can have either inhibitory or excitatory effects depending on the receptors that they bind
C. Excess neurotransmitters in the synapse are either reabsorbed or destroyed by enzymes
D. All of the above
E. None of the above

22. In the treatment of anxiety symptoms, which of the following drugs would be most helpful?
A. Dopamine agonist
B. Serotonin antagonist
C. GABA agonist
D. Norepinephrine antagonist

23. What can be inferred if twins are separated at birth, raised in different households, and still develop the same psychological disorder?
A. The disorder has a strong biological component
B. All psychological disorders can be inherited
C. Nurture or environmental factors do little to counter genetics when it comes to psychological conditions
D. Twins always develop the same or similar physical or psychological conditions.

24. In using the DSM-5/5-TR in diagnosis, which of the following are not assumed?
A. The diagnostic criteria presented provide clinicians with a common language for clinical communication.
B. Diagnostic labels correspond to listed appropriate treatment options and approaches.
C. Patients given the same diagnostic labels are presumed to share etiologies as well.
D. Both A and B
E. Both B and C

25. Among the following, which best explains why DSM-5/5-TR nomenclature uses ‘disorder’ instead of ‘disease’?
A. ‘Disorder’ implies significant loss of functioning, which determines the presence and severity of a behavioral/psychological issue.
B. ‘Disease’ only implies a biological and organic etiology for symptoms instead of a psychological one.
C. ‘Disorder’ more accurately describes the diagnostic criteria, which is composed of agreed-upon clusters of symptoms.
D. All of the above are equally viable explanations.

26. In which of the following would a diagnosis of Agoraphobia be most appropriate?

A. If a patient has never experienced a panic attack outside of being in confined spaces
B. If a patient has panic attacks when meeting new people or when public speaking is involved
 C. If a patient has frequent and unexpected panic attacks
D. If a patient experiences marked fear of being trapped in an airplane and in an open field

27. People in this phobia category have a unique vasovagal response wherein they experience a drop in blood pressure upon encountering
phobic stimuli.
A. Animal Phobias
B. Natural Environment Phobias
C. Blood-injection-injury Phobias
D. Situational Phobias

28. Which of the following is true about Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD)?
A. An extroverted person with SAD is likely to have the performance-type specifier
B. Social Anxiety is the least debilitating among the Anxiety Disorders
C. An individual who becomes anxious only occasionally in social situations would not qualify for SAD.
D. Shyness dramatically increases one's risk of developing SAD

29. Amy, a high school student, witnesses an armed robbery that leads to the death of the victim. She has nightmares and flashbacks of the
event and has not been able to enjoy her hobbies as usual. She actively seeks the help of a psychotherapist and leans on her support
system. Three weeks after the event, Amy’s enthusiasm returns, and she can sleep undisturbed. What can be inferred from Clemente’s
case?
A. PTSD cannot be diagnosed unless the individual personally experienced the trauma
B. Trauma can be time-limited
C. Medication is not necessary for the treatment of Trauma and Stress disorders
D. PTSD cannot be diagnosed among adolescents.

30. Jinniper was involved in a car accident when she was young, sustaining significant scarring on the left side of her face. This has been a
source of insecurity for her since she has been bullied and rejected due to her appearance. As an adult, Jinniper proactively hides her
scars with makeup or elaborate hairstyles and is saving up money to afford reconstructive surgery on her face. What diagnosis would she
qualify for?
A. Body Dysmorphic Disorder
B. OCD
C. Social Anxiety Disorder
D. There is insufficient information to make a diagnosis.

31. Leila is very strict in managing her schedule and observing the company rules. She likes to make lists of everything, revise projects
repeatedly, and hates delegating work to others, even if it makes things inefficient. She color-codes everything and refuses to work in
unkept spaces. All her earnings go to the bank, and she does not use her vacation days. Would an obsessive-compulsive disorder
diagnosis be appropriate for her case?
A. Yes, since Leila is impaired in her daily functioning, characteristic of OCD
B. Yes, since Leila hyper fixates on small and inconsequential details, denoting a symmetry and organization obsession
C. No, since Leila’s behaviors do not appear to be obsessive or compulsive
D. No, since Leila does not seem distressed enough

32. At the beginning of her first pregnancy, Mary became highly cautious and fearful of her body. The first time that she felt a slight sensation,
she had a full-blown breakdown, believing that her insides were being destroyed. She has constant fears of bleeding to death despite all
her medical examinations showing that she is healthy. She seeks out several doctors and discusses possible illnesses that she may have
and cannot sleep or work because of her worry. Despite assurances from her doctor, Mary’s worries only worsen. Which of the following is
least likely FALSE?
A. Her behavior is typical for first-time mothers
B. Her behavior could qualify her for Somatic Symptom Disorder
C. Her behavior could qualify her for Illness Anxiety Disorder
D. It is not proper to diagnose a pregnant woman because of the physiological changes that affect their behavior.

33. A patient stumbles into the hospital, complaining about dizziness and headaches. When interviewed, she could not provide information
about herself like her name or age. She cannot recall events in her life in the last few months. Suspecting a psychological problem, her
doctors sent her to a psychoanalyst, wherein she was placed under hypnosis and revealed that she had just endured physical and sexual
abuse a few days ago. What diagnosis is most applicable?
A. Depersonalization / Derealization Disorder
B. Dissociative Amnesia
C. Dissociative Fugue
D. Dissociative Identity Disorder
E. None of the above
34. While at a party, Luce is handed a pill by her friend. When she ingests it, she immediately sees vines crawling up the bar's walls and
flowers blooming on top of people's heads. What could she be experiencing?
A. Psychotic Hallucinations
B. Derealization
C. Depersonalization
D. None of the above

35. Which of the following is least likely true regarding Depressive Disorders?
A. Depressive Disorders are the only unipolar mood disorders
B. If someone diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder shows prominent irritability, an atypical specifier if suggested
C. It is inappropriate to diagnose someone experiencing grief or bereavement with a Depressive Disorder even after 1 year from the death
of their loved one
D. Depressive Disorders are considered episodic and have no known cure

36. Some people experience depressive symptoms but do not qualify for a complete diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorder. They can still go
to work or school and maintain friendships despite their recurring depressed mood. Which diagnosis is most appropriate for cases like
this?
A. High-functioning Depression
B. Cyclothymic Disorder
C. Persistent Depressive Disorder
D. Double Depression

37. A frustrated mother brings her son to a psychologist. She says he is always irritable and quick to throw violent and loud tantrums. It started
when he was six and continued to progress and worsen as he aged. When the mother told her son to sit, the boy shouted at her and
kicked the chair repeatedly. Among the following, what would be the most applicable diagnosis?
A. Bipolar Disorder not otherwise specified
B. Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder
C. Oppositional Defiant Disorder
D. Intermittent Explosive Disorder

38. What is NOT a difference between a Manic and a Hypomanic episode?

A. Expansive and elevated mood
B. Intensity of impairment/disability
C. Duration of episode
D. Risk-taking behaviors

39. If a person has both depressive and hypomanic symptoms for a long time but never fully meets the diagnostic criteria of a Depressive or
Bipolar Disorder, what diagnosis will be likely given?
A. Double Depression
B. Dysthymia
C. Cyclothymic Disorder

40. What is not characteristic of Anorexia Nervosa?

A. Having a fear of gaining weight
B. Having significantly low body weight than what is considered normal
C. Maintaining a specific bodyweight that one feels ‘thin.’
D. Counting one’s caloric intake

41. His friends tease Kal because they don’t believe him when he says he has no sexual urges, fantasies, or thoughts. He does not enjoy
sexual activities. Which of the following reasons would lead to a diagnosis of Male Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder?
A. The fact that Kal does not enjoy sexual activities
B. If Kal feels troubled by his lack of interest in sex or if it significantly affects his relationships
C. If Kal cannot maintain an erection without any organic cause
D. If Kal has had a previous traumatic sexual experience

42. It is Minnie’s first time having sex. She is nervous and starts to freak out but tries to relax for her partner. Upon penetration, Minnie cringes
because she feels a jolt of pain. What could she be experiencing?
A. Genito-pelvic Pain Disorder
B. Vaginismus
C. Female Penetration Disorder
D. None of the above
43. James prefers that his wife be more submissive when they have intercourse. He often daydreams and fantasies, although he says that
their current sex life is still very satisfactory. Why would a paraphilic disorder diagnosis be inappropriate for James’s case?
A. Because he has not acted upon his daydreams and fantasies
B. Because he has not physically hurt or manipulated his wife
C. Because their intercourse remains satisfying
D. Because they are already married

44. Which of the following is least likely FALSE?

A. A person below 18 years old can be diagnosed with Voyeuristic Disorder
B. Engaging in pornography is a symptom of Exhibitionistic Disorder
C. Pedophiles are not likely to physically hurt children they are attracted to
D. Objects intended for sex are the most common fetishes in Fetishistic Disorder

45. Almost every Filipino drama villain talks loudly and rapidly. They are erratic and impulsive and have an inappropriate affect, such as smiling
when others are hurt or laughing when things get destroyed. If these were symptoms of schizophrenia, what category would they fall
under?
A. Negative symptoms
B. Positive symptoms
C. Disorganized symptoms
D. Atypical symptoms

46. Diosa shrieked loudly when she thought she saw a ghost, only to find that it was a curtain billowing because of the wind. What did she
experience?
A. A hallucination
B. A delusion
C. An illusion
D. A compulsion

47. Jea believes that Boy Abunda is stalking her. She has hallucinations of him suddenly appearing in crowds or beside her in bathroom stalls
or in church. This has been happening for three weeks before Jea suddenly experiences a drop in her mood. She appears melancholic
and unhappy, no longer caring for her usual hobbies. Which of the following diagnosis would be most appropriate for Jea?
A. Schizophrenia
B. Schizophrenia and Major Depressive Disorder
C. Schizoaffective Disorder
D. Major Depressive Disorder, psychotic-features specifier

48. In order for a patient to be diagnosed with Intellectual Disability, which of the following have to be established?
A. Deficits in intellectual and cognitive functioning
B. Deficits in adaptive functioning
C. Must not have any comorbid condition such as Down Syndrome or head trauma
D. Both A and B
E. Both A and C

49. If you talk to a person with echopraxia and say “Ano na?” How would they behave?
A. The person would turn around three times
B. The person would say, “Ano na? Hunger is only a social construct, as is love and time and politics but Youtube is where the truth lies.
Anon na nga ba? Kuman lang ako.”
C. The person would just open and close their mouth
D. The person would also say “Ano na?”

50. I. Symptoms need to persist for at least six months to qualify for a diagnosis of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.

II. Stuttering is considered a neurodevelopmental disorder.

III. Tourette's disorder involves both motor and vocal tics

A. II and III are FALSE

B. I and III are TRUE
C. II and III are TRUE
D. All are TRUE
E. All are FALSE