Case 1:24-cv-00951 Document 1 Filed 02/08/24 Page 1 of 16

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK
------------------------------------------------------------ X
FLORANGELIS MARIA CABREARA MEDINA,
ALEXANDER JOSE VIZCAINO MARRUFO,
JANE DOES 1-10, Civil Action No. 24-951
JOHN DOES 1-5,
KAREEMA WASHINGTON, and
ERICA SEYMOUR, COMPLAINT

Plaintiffs, and

vs. JURY DEMAND

NEW YORK STATE DIVISION OF MILITARY

AND NAVAL AFFAIRS,
RAPID RELIABLE TESTING NY, LLC
d/b/a DOCGO,
DEVEN COLON,
RIGOBERTO NUÑEZ, and
JOHN DOES 1-10,

Defendants.
------------------------------------------------------------ X

SUMMARY OF COMPLAINT

In response to the 2023 surge of migrants and asylum seekers, New York City awarded

contracts to for-profit companies, primarily DocGo, which established “Humanitarian

Emergency Relief and Response Centers” (“HERRC”) across New York State, including one in

Cheektowaga, near Buffalo. Plaintiffs either resided as guests at the HERRC or were employed

there. Guests living at the HERRC were subjected to victimization by both the New York State

Division of Military and Naval Affairs (the “National Guard”) and DocGo staff, who were

involved in the sexual exploitation of guests. Additionally, instances of violence, including

physical assaults by DocGo employees against guests, occurred. Plaintiffs who worked at the

HERRC reported these events and other concerns to senior staff, but regrettably, the situation

deteriorated further, leading to increased abuse and exploitation by DocGo.

 Case 1:24-cv-00951 Document 1 Filed 02/08/24 Page 2 of 16

PARTIES

Plaintiffs

1. Florangelis Maria Cabreara Medina (“Flor”), an asylum seeker from Venezuela

and spouse of Alexander Jose Vizcaino Marrufo (Alexander), who traveled to the United States

fleeing persecution.

2. Alexander Jose Vizcaino Marrufo, an asylum seeker from Venezuela and spouse

of Flor.

3. Jane Does 1-5 are asylum seekers housed at the Cheektowaga HERRC.

4. Kareema Washington (“Washington”) is a former employee and supervisor at

Platinum Community Care, who resigned in frustration over her treatment and the conditions at

the HERRC.

5. Erica Seymour (“Seymour”) is a former employee of Platinum Community Care,

a subcontractor of DocGo, formally stationed at the Cheektowaga HERRC.

6. Jane Does 6-10 are employees is an employee of Platinum Community Care, a

subcontractor of DocGo, formally stationed at the Cheektowaga HERRC.

7. John Does 1-5 are employees of Platinum Community Care, a subcontractor of

DocGo, formally stationed at the Cheektowaga HERRC.

Defendants

8. New York State Division of Military and Naval Affairs, or New York Army

National Guard (“NY National Guard”), is a military reserve force organized under the dual

control of the federal government and state or territorial governments, including the State of New

York.

2
 Case 1:24-cv-00951 Document 1 Filed 02/08/24 Page 3 of 16

9. Rapid Reliable Testing NY, LLC d/b/a DocGo is a legally recognized for-profit

corporation operating under the laws of New York and other jurisdictions.

10. Deven Colon, is a Sergeant in the National Guard who was stationed at the

Cheektowaga HERRC.

11. Rigoberto Nuñez is an employee of DocGo working at the Cheektowaga HERRC.

12. Defendants John Doe 1-5 are officers in NY National Guard who participated in

the events described herein.

13. Defendants John Doe 6-10 employees of DocGo working at the Cheektowaga

HERRC who participated in the events described herein.

JURISDICTION AND VENUE

14. Jurisdiction over these claims is conferred upon this Court by 31 U.S.C. § 3732 of

the FCA and 28 U.S.C. § 1331 in that this action arises under the laws of the United States.

15. Venue is proper in the United States District Court for the Southern District of

New York under 28 U.S.C. § 1391(b) and (c) and 31 U.S.C. § 3732 because Defendants transact

business in the Southern District of New York and many of the acts described herein occurred

there.

FACTUAL ALLEGATIONS

A. DOCGO LIED TO MIGRANTS SENDING THEM TO A RUN-DOWN HOTEL

IN BUFFALO BUT TELLING THEM IT WAS CLOSE TO MANHATTHAN

16. In response to the surge of migrant and asylum seekers in 2023, New York City

paid billions of dollars to private contractors to handle the crisis. DocGo is reportedly the single

largest recipient of these funds.

17. DocGo, initially a medical Covid testing company, diversified its services

following the pandemic to include Mobile Health Care, Medical Transportation, and Remote

3
 Case 1:24-cv-00951 Document 1 Filed 02/08/24 Page 4 of 16

Patient Monitoring. It only recently entered the migrant care business (less than a year before the

crisis) to capitalize on the crisis.

18. Although paid hundreds of millions of dollars according to publicly available

information, DocGo was woefully unprepared, unqualified and unorganized for its duties, and

carried out its duties with gross negligence leading to the damage of the Plaintiffs, as outlined in

this complaint.

19. DocGo opened a “Humanitarian Emergency Relief and Response Center”

(HERRC) in Cheektowaga, New York and began shipping migrants there via chartered bus. The

facilities were merely old hotels, scattered throughout the vast geographic area of New York

State.

20. The individuals seeking asylum (referred to as “Plaintiff guests” herein, under the

care and control of DocGo) were deceived by DocGo employees into traveling to Buffalo and

other areas outside of New York City.

21. They were informed that they were being transported a short distance from New

York City, whereas, in truth, they were taken approximately 8 hours away by bus to Buffalo.

22. Seymour commenced her employment at Platinum Community Care (“PCC”) on

June 30, 2023, as a social worker. PCC was subcontracted to provide services at the HERRC

near Buffalo in Cheektowaga.

23. Although Seymour was employed by PCC, DocGo exercised control over her

employment, and the other PCC employees assigned to the Cheektowaga HERRC.

24. DocGo assigned work to PCC employees, dictated their hours of work, provided

the facilities and resources used by PCC employees for work at the Cheektowaga HERRC, and

had control over whether PCC employees were terminated.

4
 Case 1:24-cv-00951 Document 1 Filed 02/08/24 Page 5 of 16

25. Seymour reported directly to Washington and collaborated daily with Jane Doe

and John Doe, both current employees of PCC. All four witnessed and reported many of the

same issues of negligence and abuse Seymour and Washington witnessed and reported, as

outlined in this complaint.

26. The aforementioned PCC employees Jane Doe and John Doe live in a state of

reasonable and justifiable fear of adverse employment actions, including termination, as well as

damage to their professional reputations, due to the mistreatment experienced by Seymour,

Washington, and other colleagues—thus, they remain anonymous in this complaint.

27. Seymour, Washington, John Doe, and Jane Doe all had DocGo emails, and were

managed directly to DocGo supervisors. Upon information and belief, DocGo leadership

(including member of its Board) refer to Platinum Community Care as a “controlled entity” in

internal meetings.

28. Upon starting her employment, Seymour observed numerous troubling issues

within the workplace. These included the absence of a coherent organizational structure, the

omission of food logs, and insufficient access for employees to necessary software—specifically,

no one possessed login credentials for Salesforce software. The existing record-keeping

primarily comprised sporadic notes in notebooks bought by staff members.

29. Additionally, the Cheektowaga HERRC, near the Buffalo Niagara International

Airport, was merely a dilapidated Quality Inn hotel, plagued by numerous issues such as unclean

conditions, foul odors, damaged drywall, exposed electrical outlets, and inadequate amenities.

30. The mattresses displayed deep stains and were infested with insects, leading to the

children living there being repeatedly bitten across their bodies. Plaintiffs took numerous

photographs of the children to depict the infestation to DocGo leadership.

5
 Case 1:24-cv-00951 Document 1 Filed 02/08/24 Page 6 of 16

31. Additionally, the facility was encircled by busy roads, devoid of nearby walking

areas, thus rendering it hazardous or unfeasible for guests to leave.

32. Seymour observed vans arriving and departing, often transporting guests,

including young women and teenaged girls to unknown locations for work.

33. State and County officials—in response to a public outcry to the presence of the

asylum seekers and an allegation of violence against a migrant—ordered the use of NY National

Guard troops to help with the housing of asylum seekers in Buffalo.

34. On August 12, 2023, the Erie County Executive—in the midst of a political

campaign, issued a press release stating in part, “The governor has agreed to place National

Guard members at each of the hotels to act as a stabilizing presence. As stated to me this

morning, it will take a day or two for the National Guard members to arrive, but they will soon

be present. I thank Governor Hochul and Commissioner Bray for offering this assistance to

further assure that the safety of the entire community comes first.”

35. The NY National Guard made the situation worse.

36. The NY National Guard, some housed nearby in a separate hotel, were

occasionally present at the HERRC. Even when they were present, Seymour often watched as

they engaged in leisure activities, such as listening to music and playing cards with young guests.

37. When Seymour inquired about the daily whereabouts of the guests, the National

Guard on duty frequently responded dismissively, stating that their role was not to “babysit”.

38. The food supplied to the guests by DocGo was frequently inedible (documented

by the employee Plaintiffs), resulting in daily waste. DocGo staff, including the Plaintiffs, were

compelled to discard large quantities of this inedible or unwanted food daily.

6
 Case 1:24-cv-00951 Document 1 Filed 02/08/24 Page 7 of 16

39. Furthermore, guests expressed grievances to Seymour about being deceived into

traveling to Buffalo and experiencing uncertainty regarding their purpose there. Once more,

some were informed that Buffalo was just a few minutes away from New York City, but it was

nearly an 8-hour bus journey away and much closer to Toronto than Manhattan. Many guests

also conveyed to Seymour their surprise at how cold it was.

40. Seymour reported these conditions and complaints to her supervisors, including

Kareema Washington, who expressed that she shared the same concerns and reported them to

more senior management, including the highest-ranking official from DocGo at the Cheektowaga

HERRC, Lavar Howard, who ignored their concerns.

B. DOCGO ALSO IGNORED COMPLAINTS ABOUT SEXUAL RELATIONS

BETWEEN THE NATIONAL GUARD AND MIGRANTS AND ASYLUM
SEEKERS

41. Howard was replaced by Tom Sukmanowski in the Summer of 2023.

Sukmanowski promised to cure the problems at the facility, but little changed.

42. Sukmanowski would often hide in his office and scream when approached by

Washington or other DocGo staff.

43. He told Washington to stop annoying him and to just “fix it,” when she

approached him about her concerns.

44. He also belittled her through the daily screaming and insults (such as calling the

staff “Stupid” and “Lazy”), and creating a hostile work environment where Washington was

fearful to come to work or speak to him at all.

45. In the absence of effective leadership, the conditions at the Cheektowaga HERCC

deteriorated. Seymour and Washington were particularly alarmed at the inappropriate

7
 Case 1:24-cv-00951 Document 1 Filed 02/08/24 Page 8 of 16

relationships developing between DocGo employees and guests and the NY National Guardsmen

and guests.

46. As with other issues, Seymour reported these relationships to Washington and

Washington reported them to Sukmanowski, but there was no immediate response.

47. One of the most notable occasions involving inappropriate behavior is when

Mario Bonilla (a DocGo supervisor in his 40s) spent several hours alone in his room with a guest

in her 20s.

48. When one of the DocGo employees, a social worker, knocked on the door to ask

what was happening, Bonilla told to her to leave them alone.

49. Again, Seymour reported this to Washington and Washington reported it to her

supervisors. Given the gravity of this problem, Seymour also reported her complaints to other

members of DocGo’s leadership, and documented her complaints via email to Harris Leitner,

Gordon Rich, Jeremy Merrill, Kareema Washington, Levar Howard, and Giovanna Bolouki.

50. That August 30, 2023 email said, in part, “I am writing you all to let you know

that I was informed that an asylee is in a sexual relationship with Mario, DocGo site supervisor.

Initially, an asylee informed staff then a staff member informed me and stated that they do not

want to be identified at this time due to fear of retaliation or the loss of their job. Both staff and

the asylee stated that this is an often occurrence.”

51. This time, an investigation occurred, but Bonilla returned promptly following the

investigation without further discipline.

52. Sukmanowski did, however, transfer a DocGo employee from New York City to

manage day-to-day activities. The new manager of day-to-day affairs at the facility was R

Rigoberto Nuñez.

8
 Case 1:24-cv-00951 Document 1 Filed 02/08/24 Page 9 of 16

53. Under Nuñez’s management, conditions at the Cheektowaga HERRC deteriorated

rather than improved.

54. Of particular concern, inappropriate relationships between guests and DocGo staff

became more open and unabashed around Halloween of 2023, when the DocGo staff hosted a

Halloween party for guests.

55. Several members of the NY National Guard, including Sergeant Deven Colon, the

highest ranking official at Cheektowaga HERRC, and DocGo employees, including Nuñez, were

observed dancing intimately and romantically kissing guests.

56. The employee Plaintiffs who observed this were astonished, and again expressed

concerns to senior staff. But no action was taken, and the inappropriate relationships became

more part of accepted daily life at Cheektowaga HERRC.

57. The situation became so extreme that NY National Guardsmen were allowed to

transport guests from Cheektowaga HERRC to the nearby hotel where the guardsmen were

staying.

58. The guests were (and remain) particularly vulnerable, given their uncertain

immigration status, lack of mobility, need of basic supplies, and other needs. Even a trip to a

Walmart was considered a great gift. Nuñez, Colon, and others exploited these vulnerabilities.

59. Colon (in particular) regularly had inappropriate interactions with asylum seeker,

Plaintiff Jane Doe. This was not hidden, as he would bring gifts (including Target gift cards, and

Christmas gifts), make sexual comments, and take Jane Doe out of the facility to his home and to

other locations for what Colon called “dates.”

60. These interactions are documented by dozens of text messages between Jane Doe

and Colon. In those messages Colon represents to Jane Doe that he has a great authority to help

9
 Case 1:24-cv-00951 Document 1 Filed 02/08/24 Page 10 of 16

her, tells her that he would like to help her get a house, and that he will always support her and

her children.

61. On one occasion, he arranged for and transported Jane Doe and her children to a

rental property nearly two hours away. Colon assured her that it would be a fun, family time for

Jane Doe and her children. Colon told Jane Doe 1 to tell anyone who asked that she was going to

visit family, and he worked with other NY National Guard members to sneak the family out of

the building to his car.

62. Once there, he demanded sexual favors in exchange for his assistance to her and

her family. Jane Doe, who had journeyed through jungles with her children, evaded sexual

traffickers in Mexico, and crossed rivers, suddenly found herself in a snow-covered rural

property in America (where she was totally isolated) with her children, facing pressure from a

member of the NY National Guard for sex.

63. Unsure of her whereabouts, in dire poverty, and separated from her family and

friends in Venezuela, Jane Doe felt she had no choice but to engage in sexual activity with

Colon. This event caused sever distress to Jane Doe and her children.

64. The next day, upon their return, Colon immediately began texting her his regret

saying, among other comments, “I am just so lost and I need to find myself again. I don’t

recognize the man I have become in these last few months.”

65. Colon also texted, “I am no longer pursing any type of Romantic relationship . . .”

“I’m sorry the trip got so screwed up . . . I hope the kids don’t hate me.”

66. Colon also begged Jane Doe to keep it a secret.

67. Shortly thereafter, Jane Doe learned that Colon took another guest and her

daughter off premises. The guest later complained of this encounter to Plaintiffs and Jane Doe,

10
 Case 1:24-cv-00951 Document 1 Filed 02/08/24 Page 11 of 16

explaining that Colon massaged her shoulders while staring at her teenage daughter and asking

her daughter to sit beside them. The woman in question also explained to staff that Colon began

texting her daughter thereafter and telling her that she was attractive.

68. Colon was not the only member of the NY National Guard to harass Jane Doe and

her children. In fact, the guard members and some DocGo staff collaborated to allow Colon to

speak to Jane Doe in private and to allow DocGo staff and National Guard members to leave

with other asylum seekers undocumented.

69. Jane Doe even learned that her teenage daughter was taken by one of the National

Guard members to a private section of the hotel without a camera, where he groped her legs and

told her she was beautiful, until her daughter ran. This same National Guard (only known to

them as “Thomas”) did this to other young women in the hotel, with many of the families

warning their children to avoid him.

70. Because of these incidents, Jane Doe and her children now live in fear in the

hotel, afraid that they will be expelled in the Buffalo cold, like other asylum seekers who fell in

disfavor with the National Guard or DocGo staff.

C. VIOLENCE WAS COMMON AT THE HERCC

71. Incidents of violence were unfortunately not uncommon within the facility, and

Nunez was known for openly harassing and physically assaulting guests.

72. For example, on November 9, 2023, following an argument between Alexander

and Flor, Nunez entered the room forcefully with several security guards and Colon.

73. Nuñez—far larger than the slight Alexander—began assaulting Alexander without

any provocation, even strangling him as Flor begged Nunez to stop.

11
 Case 1:24-cv-00951 Document 1 Filed 02/08/24 Page 12 of 16

74. Colon intervened to separate the combatants. Later he confirmed to Seymour that

Nunez was the aggressor in the altercation.

75. Seymour, deeply troubled by the ongoing aggression and violence exhibited by

Nunez, immediately voiced her concerns to both Nunez and Colon.

76. Nuñez, in response to the incident, contacted the Cheektowaga police.

77. The police refused to accept Alexander’s account, despite the words of Seymour

and other witnesses on hand.

78. Seymour, fully aware that Alexander had not initiated the altercation with Nunez,

expressed to the police that this was unjust.

79. However, the Cheektowaga Police Officer callously remarked that the immigrants

were fortunate to “even be here.”

80. Nuñez unilaterally demanded that Alexander leave Cheektowaga HERRC.

81. Alexander was then expelled into the frigid Buffalo winter alone.

82. Subsequently, Alexander found himself homeless in Buffalo, first spending

several days seeking shelter behind a dumpster near a gas station.

83. He now survives by seeking day labor, trading work for a place to stay, and

resorting to sleeping on floors, in utility closets, and in basements offered by those willing to

give him random work.

84. Flor, acting as a single parent, is caring for their two children within Cheektowaga

HERRC. She endures frequent taunting from Nuñez and lives in constant fear.

85. In addition to her concerns regarding the Nunez’s attack on Alexander, Seymour

also again reported the existence of inappropriate relationships between National Guardsmen and

guests, which included sexual communications with minors.

12
 Case 1:24-cv-00951 Document 1 Filed 02/08/24 Page 13 of 16

86. Shockingly, Seymour was terminated shortly thereafter, in December 2023, with

the justification given that she had become too emotionally involved with the guests, despite her

efforts to address the grave issues plaguing the facility.

87. Washington resigned in December, frustrated that her many complaints were

ignored and exhausted by living in constant fear and turmoil at Cheektowaga HERRC.

CLAIMS

AS AND FOR A FIRST CAUSE OF ACTION

NEGLIGENCE
(Against Defendants DocGo, Rigoberto Nuñez, and John Does 6-15)

88. Plaintiffs allege that Defendants’ actions constitute negligence under New York

law. Specifically, Defendants breached its duty of care owed to Plaintiffs, resulting in injuries

and damages.

AS AND FOR A SECOND CAUSE OF ACTION

BATTERY
(Against Defendant Rigoberto Nuñez)

89. Plaintiffs can bring a claim for battery, involving intentional and harmful touching

without consent. Sexual assault often encompasses unwanted and non-consensual touching,

constituting battery.

AS AND FOR A THIRD CAUSE OF ACTION

INTENTIONAL INFLICTION OF EMOTIONAL DISTRESS
(Against Defendants DocGo, NY National Guard, Deven Colon, Rigoberto Nuñez,
and John Does 6-15)

90. Plaintiffs may bring a claim for Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress

(“IIED”) if Defendant’s conduct was extreme, causing severe emotional distress. Sexual assault

is often accompanied by emotional trauma, forming the basis of an IIED claim.

13
 Case 1:24-cv-00951 Document 1 Filed 02/08/24 Page 14 of 16

AS AND FOR A FOURTH CAUSE OF ACTION

FALSE IMPRISONMENT
(Against Defendant Rigoberto Nuñez)

91. If the victim was restrained during the assault, Plaintiffs may have a claim for

false imprisonment based on unlawful deprivation of freedom.

AS AND FOR A FIFTH CAUSE OF ACTION

VICTIMS OF GENDER-MOTIVATED VIOLENCE PROTECTION LAW
(Against Defendants Deven Colon and John Does 5-10)

92. Rape and sexual assault are, by definition, actions taken against the victim

without the victim’s consent.11 Without consent, sexual acts such as those alleged in the

complaint are a violation of the victim’s bodily autonomy and an expression of the perpetrator’s

contempt for that autonomy. Coerced sexual activity is dehumanizing and fear-inducing. Malice

or ill will based on gender is apparent from the alleged commission of the act itself. Animus

inheres where consent is absent. Breest v Haggis, No. 161137/17, 9783, 115 N.Y.S.3d 322, 330,

2019 N.Y. Slip Op. 09398, 2019 WL 7196544 (N.Y.A.D. 1 Dept., Dec. 26, 2019)

AS AND FOR A SIXTH CAUSE OF ACTION

42 USC § 1983
(Against Defendants NY National Guard, Deven Colon and John Does 1-10)

93. By Defendants’ acts and practices of rape and sexual assault, detaining Plaintiffs

for the practice of rape and sexual assault, and coercing Defendants into trading sexual favors for

food and housing Defendants have deprived Plaintiffs of rights secured by the United States

Constitution and laws and the Civil Rights Act of 1871.

94. At all relevant times, Defendants acted under color of law.

95. At all relevant times, Defendants Deven Colon and John Does 1-10 acted under a

policy and/or practice maintained with the knowledge of Defendant NY National Guard.

14
 Case 1:24-cv-00951 Document 1 Filed 02/08/24 Page 15 of 16

96. Defendants’ conduct was outrageous and done with malice and/or reckless

disregard to Plaintiff’s rights such that it shocks the conscience.

97. As a result of Defendants’ actions, Plaintiff has suffered damages including

economic damages, compensatory damages, costs, and attorneys’ fees and interest.

AS AND FOR A SEVENTH CAUSE OF ACTION

HOSTILE WORK ENVIRONMENT (NYSHRL)
(Against Defendants DocGo, Rigoberto Nuñez, and John Does 11-15)

98. By Defendants’ acts and practices in fostering a hostile work environment on the

basis of race, gender and/or national origin Defendants have discriminated against Plaintiffs with

respect to their terms and conditions of employment in deprivation of their rights secured by the

NYSHRL.

99. Defendants’ conduct was outrageous and done with malice and/or reckless

disregard to Plaintiffs’ rights such that it shocks the conscience.

100. As a result of Defendants’ actions, Plaintiffs have suffered damages including

economic damages, compensatory damages, costs, and attorneys’ fees and interest.

AS AND FOR AN EIGHTH CAUSE OF ACTION

WORKPLACE RETALIATION (NYSHRL)
(Against Defendants DocGo, Rigoberto Nuñez, and John Does 11-15)

101. Defendant retaliated against Seymour for complaining about hostile work

environment, violating anti-retaliation provisions of the NYSHRL.

15
 Case 1:24-cv-00951 Document 1 Filed 02/08/24 Page 16 of 16

PRAYER FOR RELIEF

WHEREFORE, Plaintiff requests that this Court enter judgment:

a. Enjoining Defendants from maintaining a racially hostile workplace environment

and from violating Plaintiffs’ constitutional rights.

b. Awarding Plaintiffs all lost pay and benefits.

c. Awarding Plaintiffs any and all additional statutory damages available under

the law.

d. Awarding Plaintiffs emotional distress damages in an amount to be determined at

trial but in no event less than $9,000,000;

e. Awarding compensatory damages and damages for loss of reputation to Plaintiffs

in an amount to be determined at trial but in no event less than $9,000,000;

f. Awarding Plaintiffs attorneys’ fees and costs, and granting such other and further

relief as the Court deems just and equitable.

JURY DEMAND

Plaintiffs demand a jury trial.

ADVOCATES FOR JUSTICE,

CHARTERED ATTORNEYS

By: /s/ Laine A. Armstrong

Laine A. Armstrong
Nathan D. McMurray
225 Broadway, Suite 1902
New York, New York 10007
(212) 285-1400
[email protected]
[email protected]

16