A.Y.

2024-2025

Branch- IoT Presented By: Tanmay Patade Patil (19)

Subject – ABL (Case Study) Anjali Patel (20)

Subject In-charge: Mr. Sunil Khatri Tushar Patwa (21)

Sem- IV

SMART WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

ABSTRACT: This research paper is uttely

depend on automation pedagogy. which comes
under the category of cleanliness and hygiene and 1. INTRODUCTION
is used in waste management systems. Unloading
trash onto the roads and in open regions is a The proliferation of waste, regularly generated by
typical summary found in every non-industrial both businesses and households, is escalating at
nation and this basically wind up influencing the an alarming pace. This surge is primarily
climate and making a few unhygienic attributed to the increasing consumption of
circumstances. To manage these issues a Brilliant packaged goods, encompassing materials such as
net bin is a philosophy advanced which is a mix paper, food, plastics, metals, and glass.
of equipment and programming innovations for Consequently, the effective management of this
example interfacing Wi-Fi framework to the waste becomes a crucial aspect of our daily lives.
ordinary dustbin to give free web offices to the While developed nations employ numerous
client for a specific timeframe. The technology efficient methods for waste management, some
rewards the user for maintaining a clean developing countries exhibit a negligent attitude
environment, collaborating with proper waste toward maintaining a clean environment. Factors
management in a community. Shrewd net bin contributing to this include the lack of strict
involves numerous advances first and foremost regulations on biodegradable materials,
the innovation for estimating how much garbage inadequate environmental policies, and a dearth
unloaded furthermore the development of the of regulations for sustainable development, all of
waste and in conclusion conveying essential which sow the seeds for the dire consequences of
messages and associating the client to the Wi-Fi poor waste management.
framework. The framework would work on client
server model, a reason that guarantee immaculate Due to the mounting waste, public bins designed
climate in future, great wellbeing, and for waste collection are overflowing, resulting in
contamination democratic society. areas strewn with garbage, not only causing
unsightly streets but also adversely impacting
WATCHWORDS: IOT, load-sensing plate, health and the environment. Waste poses a
Arduino, Wi-Fi, load cell, Internet. significant threat to both health and the
environment, manifesting in various dreadful
effects. It serves as a breeding ground for

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bacteria, insects, and flies, which can lead to food sensor. Once the fill level reaches a predefined
poisoning, typhoid, gastroenteritis, salmonella, threshold, an alert will be triggered to prompt the
malaria, dengue, and the spread of diseases by timely collection of garbage.
rats and stray dogs.
Furthermore, because harmful pollutants like
CO2, methane, and nitrous oxide negatively
impact the ecosystem and pollute the air and
water, rubbish also plays a role in a number of
respiratory illnesses. When hazardous material,
like plastics and electronics, are disposed of in the
water, it has a negative impact on aquatic life and,
indirectly, on people. Overflowing garbage not
only poses a public hassle but also becomes an
eyesore, discouraging tourism and resulting in a
2)Humidity sensor: conveying data regarding the
loss of revenue. In urban India, with a population
of 377 million, a staggering 62 million tons of existence of wet waste within the dry waste bin
garbage is generated daily, making it the world's can be done with courtesy of the humidity sensor.
third-largest garbage generator. However, the
critical issue lies in the untreated disposal of over
45 million tons of garbage by municipal
authorities each day, creating an unhygienic
environment.

Addressing this pressing issue necessitates

stringent laws against littering, industries not
using biodegradable materials, increased use of
recyclable items, reduction in non-degradable
material usage, and promoting item reuse. The
integration of technology for proper trash 3)Load cell: Information about the weight of the
disposal and mitigating its hazardous effects is a
garbage present in dustbin will be furnished with
proposed solution to tackle this salient problem.
courtesy of the load cell.

Pragmatically, we could inbuild three types of 2. HARDWARE DESCRIPTION

sensors to the dust bin:
3.1 Ultrasonic Sensor:
1)Level sensor: Continuous monitoring of the
To measure the amount of trash in the trashcan,
dustbin's fill level will be facilitated by the level
the ultrasonic sensor must be used. The module

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has four pins: VCC (5V), Trig, Echo, and GND.
The distance between the sensor and the rubbish
is converted into the level of garbage. After at
least 10μs of ultrasonic high-level pulse initiation
by Trig, the Echo pin automatically detects the
pulse that returns. To compute the distance, the
sensor measures the time elapsed between
sending a signal and receiving an echo. With a
maximum range of 4 metres, a minimum range of
2 centimetres, and a measuring angle of 15
degrees, the ultrasonic sensor has an operating
frequency of 40 Hz.

3.2 Humidity Sensor:

To discern between two types of waste, the

temperature and humidity sensor, specifically the
DHT11 sensor, will be employed. The DHT11 is
a high-precision digital humidity and temperature
sensor utilizing a capacitive humidity sensor and
a thermistor. It provides a digital signal on the
data pin, updating every 2 seconds. The sensor is
designed to provide accurate humidity readings 3.METHODOLOGY
within the range of 0-100%, with a precision level
The Smart Dustbin incorporates IoT components
of 2-5%. Additionally, it is capable of measuring
for automated lid opening and mobile
temperatures from -40 to 80°C, demonstrating an
notifications. The ultrasonic sensor at the front
accuracy of ±0.5°C.
triggers the lid to open when it detects a human
3.3 Load Cell: hand or waste. Another sensor inside measures
waste height, sending notifications via GSM to
We will incorporate a load cell to measure the indicate the dustbin's status. While efficient, the
weight of the dustbin. A load cell is a transducer system has drawbacks: reliance on good mobile
generating an electrical signal directly signal, potential interference, and concerns about
proportional to the measured force. With a range GSM radiation.
spanning from a few grams to 200 kg, the load
cell's electrical signal output is in the order of In the proposed system, Wi-Fi replaces the GSM
millivolts and necessitates amplification. The module for enhanced benefits. Hardware
HX711 load cell amplifier will be employed to components include Arduino UNO, NODEMCU,
obtain measurable data from the load cell. Ultrasonic sensor, and Servo Motor. Arduino
UNO serves as the microcontroller board with
digital/analog pins, USB connection, and power
jack. The Servo Motor and Ultrasonic Sensor
connect to this board, executing the first part
code. NodeMCU, an open-source IoT platform,

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works with Wi-Fi. The second ultrasonic sensor 6.1 Information technology poses substantial
connects to this board, and the second part code challenges:
is loaded after selecting the correct board in the
Arduino IDE. The NodeMCU utilizes open- The absence of robust IT infrastructure poses a
source projects like lua-cjson and SPIFFS. significant hurdle in the development of smart
Waste Management (WM) systems. Many
developing countries struggle with
communication technology challenges, lacking a
While the UNO and NodeMCU facilitate reliable infrastructure. The implementation of
efficient operation, they may need a reset if IoT technologies becomes challenging due to
sensors don't function as expected. The proposed their cost-intensive nature, requiring proper and
system with Wi-Fi aims to address GSM-related reliable infrastructure along with associated
limitations, providing improved connectivity for maintenance and upgrade costs. Without a solid
timely notifications digital foundation, full-scale IoT deployments in
WM may not achieve their full potential in terms
4. DRAWBACKS IN THE CURRENT
of return on investment and process excellence.
SETUP
Additionally, the inadequate waste disposal
1. Complex Processing infrastructures in developing countries hinder
waste reduction efforts, as successful
2. Interconnected Controlling Units implementation of smart WM technology relies
on well-established architectures.
3. High Implementation Cost
6.2 Electricity Provision and Power Usage:
Smart waste management offers cost-saving
Developing nations face challenges in ensuring
benefits by optimizing resource utilization. In the
a dependable electricity supply and effectively
face of budget constraints, public waste
controlling energy consumption for IoT
authorities can benefit from innovative
devices.Energy-related challenges arise due to
approaches to maximize available resources.
the high costs of electric power globally, and the
Integrating more data into waste management
implementation of IoT devices and supporting
provides insights into areas of potential
infrastructures amplifies energy consumption
overspending, including labor costs, fuel
costs significantly. Addressing this issue involves
consumption, and vehicle maintenance.
considering IoT devices that operate on low
Implementing an Internet of Things (IoT) waste power or utilize renewable energy sources. Some
system can strategically allocate funds, freeing up studies suggest that devices powered by
resources for investment in other waste renewable sources, such as solar panels, could be
initiatives. This could include supporting zero a cost-effective alternative. Recommendations
waste initiatives or enhancing recycling include establishing solar and wind power plants
campaigns, contributing to a more sustainable to address the costly power supply. IoT nodes
and efficient waste management ecosystem., such requiring minimal energy can benefit from
as zero waste or recycling campaigns. solutions like solar panels. Developing countries
encounter difficulties in establishing dependable
6. CHALLENGES FACED and energy-efficient data centers, especially with

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the exponential increase in data resulting from integration issues and enhancing overall
IoT applications. To combat energy consumption efficiency.
challenges, some propose utilizing data centers
powered by solar energy to maintain efficiency 6. Continuous Monitoring and Maintenance:
while controlling costs. Regular monitoring and maintenance are part and
parcel of a successful IoT waste management
7. LESSONS LEARNED FROM THIS system. Addressing malfunctions, environmental
CASE STUDY ARE AS BELOW challenges, or sensor inaccuracies immediately
ensures the reliability and longevity of the
1. Holistic Planning: Throughout planning is infrastructure.
paramount or a successful smart waste
management project. Municipalities and 8. SCOPE OF IMPROVEMENT
organizations must conduct comprehensive
The outlined approach serves as an initial step
assessments, considering factors like budget,
towards IoT implementation. Numerous
infrastructure, and most importantly community
enhancements can revolutionize environmental
engagement before implementation.
cleanliness and health. Proposed improvements
2. Data Security and Privacy Prioritization: include deploying multiple bins adjacent to each
prioritizing data security and privacy are crucial other, equipped with automatic detection to sort
throughout the process. Robust measures must be waste into designated colors based on types.
in place to safeguard sensitive information Introducing GPS trackers on these bins facilitates
collected from waste bins to build trust among easy localization within a specific area,
stakeholders. streamlining waste collection. This evolution has
the potential to evolve into a comprehensive
3. User Education and Engagement: Successful Smart Waste Monitoring System.
implementation necessitates proactive user
education and engagement strategies. Informing 9. CONCLUSION
and involving the community in the benefits of
smart waste management can mitigate resistance Implementing IoT-based dustbins simplifies
and ensure the cooperation vital for the system's waste management, eliminating the need to rely
success. on specific individuals for cleaning tasks. This
not only promotes a healthier environment by
4. Scalability Considerations: Identifying the preventing diseases caused by waste materials but
need for scalability from the outset is important. also aligns with the Swachh Bharat mission. The
Whether deploying in a small town or a system ensures prompt cleaning when the
metropolis, designing a system that can adapt and garbage level reaches capacity, powered by a
scale according to diverse needs is imperative for battery. In case of delays, automated records are
success in the near future. sent to sweepers or higher authorities for timely
action against the responsible contractor,
5. Interoperability Standards: Emphasizing the contributing to a cleaner and more efficiently
importance of interoperability standards is managed environment.
another key takeaway. Adopting common
protocols ensures seamless communication REFERENCES
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