LearnING Journal

English Department, University of Jambi

Volume 1, Number 1, January 2014, pp. 59 - 85
ISSN : 2354-967x

DERIVATION OF INDONESIAN LANGUAGE

IN THREE INDONESIAN TEXTS
Muklash Abrar1
English Department, Universitas Jambi

ABSTRACT

This paper tries to analyze the derivational process in three

Indonesian texts. The method of the research and data
collection of this research is synchronic descriptive in which
the data are collected and described naturally. The data of the
research are taken from three Indonesian texts “Semarang
Metro” newspaper published on January 7th 2012. The writer
uses substitution or agih method in analyzing the data. The
result shows that there are 6 derivation affixes found in three
Indonesian texts such as prefixes peN- and ber-, suffixes –an
and –kan and also circumfix peN-an and ke-an. And the most
derivation words found in three Indonesian texts are the
derivational process by the addition of suffix –an.

Keywords: Derivation; Derivation affixes

Corresponding author’s email: 1 [email protected]

 Abrar 60

INTRODUCTION

A morphological process is mostly known as a means of changing a

stem to adjust its meaning to fit its syntactic and communicational contact

(Matthews, 1991). Moreover, Lieber stated (2010) stated that morphological

process is a process in linguistics which results a new lexeme (p. 61). That

means a morphological process is a linguistic process that creates words

form. It may occur in all existing languages in the world including

Indonesian.

Related to morphological process, there are some ways in forming

words. Ramlan mentioned (2001) that word formation may happen through

the process of affixation, reduplication, compounding and zero changing (p.

52-53). It is clear that morphological process deals with affixation,

reduplication, compounding and zero changing. Specifically, Manning and

Schutze (1999) classified three major of morphological process such as

inflection, derivation and compounding. It is obvious that morphological

process consists of inflection, compounding and also derivation.

The process of word formation through affixation which results new

lexeme is called derivation. Haspelmath and Sims confirmed (2010) that

derivation formation change the word-class of the base (p. 96-97). Derivation

is actually the process of attaching the base with prefixes or suffixes which

forms new lexeme (Lieber, 2010, p. 33). In other words, derivation deals

with the process of a new word on the basis of an existing word. This process,

for example, happens to the word actor. The affix –er in “actor” attaches to

LearnING Journal
Volume 1, No. 1, January 2014, pp.59-85
ISSN : 2354-967X
 Abrar 61

the free morpheme “act”. The affix –er which is attached to the word “actor”

changes the lexeme both class of word and the meaning. The word “act” is a

verb which means „to do something for a particular purpose or to behave in

the stated way‟. After the base is added with an affix –er, the class of word

becomes noun “actor” which means „someone who pretends to be someone

else while performing in a film, or television, or radio program.

In Indonesian, this process occurs in the word kebaikan. The affix ke

– an in the word “kebaikan” is attached to the free morpheme “baik”. The

affix ke-an which is attached to the word “kebaikan” changes the lexeme both

class of word and also the meaning. The base word “baik” is an adjective

which means „generous, helpful and thinking about other people‟s feeling‟.

After the base form of word is added with affix ke-an, it becomes a noun

„kebaikan‟ which means „the quality of being kind‟. This example shows

derivation can also be found in Indonesian as one type of Indonesian

morphological processes.

This paper aims at describing one of the morphological processes,

which is derivation in Indonesian. In specific, this paper will describe the

grammatical class of word and meaning which are resulted from derivational

process.

UNDERLYING THEORIES

Derivation

Derivation deals with new lexeme formation through affixation.

Derivation acts to change the semantic meaning of a root and/or the class of

LearnING Journal
Volume 1, No. 1, January 2014, pp.59-85
ISSN : 2354-967X
 Abrar 62

the word (i.e. noun to verb) (Bauer, 2003; Katamba, 1993). Morover,

Haspelmath and Sims clarified (2010) that derivation formation change the

word-class of the base (p. 96-97). It is clear that the process of derivation is

either changing the meaning of the base to which they are attached or

changing the word-class that a base belongs to. The changing of word-class

can be noun to verb, verb to noun or adjective to noun.

Derivation is typically occurred by addition of an affix. In other

words, affix is the tool of word formation in derivational process. Crystal

(1980) mentioned that “An affix is a bound morpheme that is joined before,

after or within a root or stem” (p. 17). Then, Ramlan also stated (2001) that

affix is a bound grammatical unit which is not categorized as a word, but it

can attach to other units to form a word or a new word (p. 55). That means

that an affix is a word element – a bound morpheme in the form of prefix,

suffix or infix – that can be attached to a root or stem to form a new word.

According to Alwi (1998), Indonesian affixes can be classified into

four types such as prefixes, suffixes, infixes and circumfixes. Prefixes are the

affixes which are placed before the root of words. The examples of

Indonesian prefixes are me-, di-, ter-, ber-, ke, pe-, per- and se-. Suffixes are

the affixes which are placed after the root of words. The examples of

Indonesian suffixes are –an, -kan and –i. Infixes are the affixes inserted inside

the root of words. The examples of Indonesian infixes are –el-, -er-, -em-, and

–di-. Circumfixes are the affixes attached at the before and after the root of

words. The examples of Indonesian circumfixes are ke-an, me-kan and di-i

LearnING Journal
Volume 1, No. 1, January 2014, pp.59-85
ISSN : 2354-967X
 Abrar 63

Not all affixes in Indonesian are derivational affixes. The distribution

of word formation from derivational process can be seen in the following

table.

The distribution of derivational word formation table

Derivational Noun Verb Adjective

Affixes Root Derivation Root Derivation Root Derivation

pe- - Pemuda - - muda -

ke-an - kebaikan - - baik -

-kan - - - muliakan mulia -

-an - karangan karang - - -

me-kan - - - Mengaman aman -

kan

(Source: Metalingua, Vol 7 No. 1, Juni 2009: 73)

From the table above, it is clear that the affixes pe-, ke-an, -kan, -an

and me-kan are derivational affixes because those change the class of word

and the meaning of the roots. Besides, it is also obvious that the patterns of

Indonesian derivation words are verb to noun, adjective to noun and adjective

to verb.

METHODOLOGY

The method which is used in this paper entitled “Derivational process

of Indonesian Language in Three Indonesian Text” is synchronic descriptive.

According to Djajasudarma (1993), synchronic descriptive is research and

LearnING Journal
Volume 1, No. 1, January 2014, pp.59-85
ISSN : 2354-967X
 Abrar 64

data collection method in which the data are collected and described naturally

(p. 6). That means by using this method, all the data are presented in natural

setting. The collected data are then analyzed by using substitution or agih

method. Sudaryanto explained (1993) that agih method is the method of data

analysis by means the relevant part of language itself. (p. 15). This research

tries to describe derivational process of Indonesian language based on the

affixes that influence the changing of words‟ meaning and form.

The data used in this research are from three Indonesian texts. They

are taken from Semarang Metro newspapers published on January 7th 2012.

The titles of the texts are: (1) Bolos, Pelajar Mencuri, (2) KNPI Sumbang

Anak Yatim, (3) Kios Pembayaran Online Mudahkan Pelanggan.

ANALYSIS

As mentioned in the methodology, there will be three texts of

Semarang Metro newspaper will be analyzed in this analysis. So, the analysis

of data will be presented for each text.

First Text Analysis

After analyzing the first text (see appendices), it is found out that

there are 9 derivation words in the text such as pembesuk, pemain, curian,

pencurian, kecelakaan, kebingungan, parkiran, penjagaan, laporan. Below is

the analysis of each data depending on the affix that determines the changes

in derivational process.

LearnING Journal
Volume 1, No. 1, January 2014, pp.59-85
ISSN : 2354-967X
 Abrar 65

a. Prefix PeN-

Prefix peN- is a productive prefix. It has some variation such as pe-,

pen-, pem-, peng- and penge-. The function of this prefix is to create a noun

and it is one of derivation affixes. This type of derivation affixes can be seen

in two data:

Pembesuk

The word pembesuk is the result of derivational process. The prefix

peN- in the word „pembesuk‟ is attached to another morpheme „besuk‟. The

prefix changes both the word class and the meaning of the root. The root of

word is a verb „besuk’ which means „to go to a place in order to look at it, or

to a person in order to spend time with them‟. After the root is added with

prefix peN-, it becomes a noun „pembesuk’ which means „someone who visits

a person or place‟. The process of derivation can be seen in the following

diagram:

besuk (verb)

peN - + besuk

pembesuk (noun)

Pemain

The word pemain is also the result of derivational process by the

addition of prefix peN-. The prefix attaches to another morpheme „main‟. The

prefix changes both the word class and the meaning of the root. The root of

word is a verb „main’ which means „to take a part in a game or other

LearnING Journal
Volume 1, No. 1, January 2014, pp.59-85
ISSN : 2354-967X
 Abrar 66

organized activity‟. After the root is added with prefix peN-, it becomes a

noun „pemain’ which means „someone who takes a part in a game‟. The

process of derivation can be seen in the following diagram:

main (verb)

peN - + main

pemain (noun)

Although the two data above are the results of derivational process by

the addition of prefix peN-, but they have different variation of prefix peN-.

Pem- is the variation of prefix peN- in the first data and variation pe- is in the

second data.

b. Suffix –an

Suffix –an is also one of derivation affixes. It functions to create a noun.

After analyzing the text, it is found that there are 3 words that are added by

this suffix. Below is the analysis:

Laporan

The word laporan is resulted from derivational process by the

addition of suffix -an. The suffix attaches after the morpheme „lapor‟. As a

result, it changes both the word class and the meaning of the root. The root of

word is a verb „lapor’ which means „to give a description of something or

information about it to soemone‟. After the root is added with suffix -an, it

becomes a noun „laporan’ which means „a description of an event or

LearnING Journal
Volume 1, No. 1, January 2014, pp.59-85
ISSN : 2354-967X
 Abrar 67

situation‟. The process of this derivation can be seen in the following

diagram:

lapor (verb)

lapor + - an

laporan (noun)

The word „laporan‟ is not the only data found in the text which deals

with the derivational process by the addition of suffix –an. The other words

which are similar to the word „laporan‟ are „curian‟ and „parkiran‟.

c. Circumfix PeN-an

Circumfix PeN-an is categorized as derivational affix because if a root

of word, especially a verb, is added with this circumfix, the category of root

will change into a noun. This type of circumfix has some variation such as

pe-an, pem-an, pen-an, peN-an, and peny-an. In the first text, it is found out

that that there are two words which are attached by derivational circumfix

peN-an. The analysis is in the following:

Penjagaan

In the word „penjagaan‟, the circumfix peN-an is attached to the root

of word „jaga‟. The attachment of derivational affix results a new lexeme that

changes both the word class and the meaning of the root. The root of word is

a verb „jaga’ which means „to make certain something is protected from

danger or risk‟. After the root is added with a circumfix peN-an, it becomes a

noun ‘penjagaan’ which means „protection of a person, building,

LearnING Journal
Volume 1, No. 1, January 2014, pp.59-85
ISSN : 2354-967X
 Abrar 68

organization or country from danger or risk‟. The process of this derivation

can be seen in the following diagram:

jaga (verb)

peN - + jaga + - an

penjagaan (noun)

Beside the word „penjagaan‟, there is another similar word found in

the text which deals with the derivational process by the addition of circumfix

peN-an that is „pencurian‟. Both derived form of derivational process have

the same variation of circumfix peN-an, that is pen-an.

d. Circumfix Ke-an

Beside peN-an, another circumfix which is included into derivational

affix is ke-an. It - like prefix peN-, suffix –an and circumfix peN-an –

functions to form a noun. When a root, especially a verb, is attached with this

circumfix, the root word class will change into a noun. There is only one

word found in the first text which deals with the derivational process by the

addition of circumfix ke-an. The analysis of the data is in the following.

Kecelakaan

The word „kecelakaan‟ is the derived form of derivational process by

the addition of circumfix ke-an. The addition of derivational affix to the root

of word indeed results a new lexeme that changes both the word class and the

meaning of the root. The root of word is a verb „celaka’ which means „get

problems or troubles‟. After the root is added with a circumfix ke-an, it

LearnING Journal
Volume 1, No. 1, January 2014, pp.59-85
ISSN : 2354-967X
 Abrar 69

becomes a noun ‘kecelakaan’ which means „something bad is happened that

is not expected or intended and which often damages something or injuries

someone‟. The process of this derivation can be seen in the following

diagram:

celaka (verb)

ke - + celaka + - an

kecelakaan (noun)

Second Text Analysis

After analyzing the second text (see appendices), it is found out that

there are 17 derivation words in the text such as santunan, giliran, asuhan,

penyerahan, bantuan, pembinaan, kegiatan, pemuda, kesempatan, utamakan,

pendidikan, berguna, peluang, kunjungan, pimpinan, kesehatan, and

kepedulian. Below is the analysis of each data depending on the affix that

determines the changes in derivational process.

a. Prefix peN-

As mentioned in the previous explanation, prefix peN- is one

of derivation affixes which functions to create a noun. This prefix has

some variation such as pe-, pen-, pem-, peng- and penge-. In the

second text, there are two words deal with the derivational process by

the addition of prefix peN-. The analysis is in the following:

Pemuda

LearnING Journal
Volume 1, No. 1, January 2014, pp.59-85
ISSN : 2354-967X
 Abrar 70

The word pemuda is derived form of derivational process. The prefix

peN- in the word pemuda is attached to another morpheme „muda‟. The

prefix changes both the word class and the meaning of the root. The root of

word is an adjective „muda’ which means „having lived or existed for only a

short time and not old‟. After the root is added with prefix peN-, it becomes a

noun pemuda which means „the state of being young‟. The process of

derivation can be seen in the following diagram:

muda (adjective)

peN - + muda

pemuda (noun)

The word „pemuda‟ is not the only data which is found in the second

text. Another word which is similar to „pemuda‟ is „peluang‟. Both data have

the same variation of prefix peN-, that is pe-.

b. Prefix ber-

Prefix ber- can be considered as both inflection and derivation affix. It

is called inflection affix when it is added to the root verb such as berbelanja.

It also can be added to another category of word such as noun. When it is

added to a noun, it results a verb and is considered as a derivation affix. In the

second text, there is one word that reflects this affix as a derivation affix. The

analysis is in the following:

Berguna

LearnING Journal
Volume 1, No. 1, January 2014, pp.59-85
ISSN : 2354-967X
 Abrar 71

The word berguna is resulted from derivational process. The

derivational process happens because there is word category changing after

the root is added with prefix ber-. The root of word is a noun „guna’ which

means „a purpose for which something is used‟. After the root is added with

prefix ber-, it becomes a verb „berguna’ which means „to put something as a

tool, skill or building to a particular purpose‟. The process of derivation can

be seen in the following diagram:

guna (noun)

ber - + guna

berguna (verb)

c. Suffix –an

Suffix –an is a derivation affix which functions to create a noun.

When the suffix –an is attached to the root verb or root adjective, the

category of word changes into a noun. In the second text, there 6 data belong

to this. The analysis of the data is as follows:

Santunan

In the word santunan above, the suffix –an is attached to the root of

word. The attachment of derivational suffix to the root of word results a new

lexeme that changes both the word class and the meaning of the root. The

root of word is an adjective „santun’ which means „behaving a way that is

that is socially correct and shows understanding of and care for other people‟s

feeling‟. After the root is added with a suffix-an, it becomes a noun

LearnING Journal
Volume 1, No. 1, January 2014, pp.59-85
ISSN : 2354-967X
 Abrar 72

‘santunan’ which means „when someone helps another person‟. The process

of this derivation can be seen in the following diagram:

santun (adjective)

santun + - an

santunan (noun)

Bantuan

The word bantuan is resulted from derivational process. The

derivational process happens because there is word category changing after

the verb root is added with suffix -an. The root of word is a verb „bantu’

which means „to give something for someone or to take something for

yourself‟. After the root is added with suffix -an, it becomes a noun „bantuan’

which means „something or someone that helps‟. The process of derivation

can be seen in the following diagram:

bantu (verb)

bantu + - an

bantuan (noun)

Two data above are the representative of some other data found in the

second text that deal with derivational process by the addition of suffix –an.

Although both data are derived form derivational process, but they have the

difference in terms of the pattern of derivation. The derivation pattern of first

analysis is adjective-to-noun derivation. The word „santunan‟ is the only

LearnING Journal
Volume 1, No. 1, January 2014, pp.59-85
ISSN : 2354-967X
 Abrar 73

derivation word found in the text that belongs to the pattern. The second

analysis pattern is verb-to-noun pattern. There are some other similar words

belong to this pattern such as „giliran‟, „asuhan‟, „kunjungan‟, and

„pimpinan‟.

d. Suffix –kan

Suffix –kan is one of derivation affix because when it is added

to an adjective, it changes the class of word. There is only one word

found in the second text related to derivational process by the

addition of suffix –kan. Below is the analysis of the word.

Utamakan.

The word „utamakan‟ is the result of derivation process. In this

process, the suffix –kan is placed after the root and it changes the category of

word. The root of word is an adjective „utama‟ which means „main or most

important‟. After the root is added with suffix –kan, it becomes a verb

„utamakan‟ which means „to tell someone something that will prepare them

for a particular situation‟. The process of derivation can be seen in the

following diagram:

utama (adjective)

utama + - kan

utamakan (verb)

e. Circumfix peN-an

LearnING Journal
Volume 1, No. 1, January 2014, pp.59-85
ISSN : 2354-967X
 Abrar 74

Dealing with one of derivation affixes (circumfix peN-an), there are three

words found in the second text. The analysis of the data is in the following:

Penyerahan

The word „penyerahan‟ is the derived form of derivation process. In

this process, the circumfix peN–an is added to the root and it changes the

category of word. The root of word is a verb „serah‟ which means „to give

something as an honor or present‟. After the root is added with circumfix

peN–an, it becomes a noun „penyerahan‟ which means „the state of giving

something‟. The process of derivation can be seen in the following diagram:

serah (verb)

peN - + serah + - an

penyerahan (noun)

Pembinaan

The word „pembinaan‟ is the result of derivation process. The

derivation process occurs because there is a change of word category after the

root is added with circumfix peN-an. The root of word is a verb „bina‟ which

means „to create or develop something over a long period of time‟. After the

root is added with circumfix peN–an, it becomes a noun „pembinaan‟ which

means „an increase, especially one that is gradual and steady‟. The process of

derivation can be seen in the following diagram:

LearnING Journal
Volume 1, No. 1, January 2014, pp.59-85
ISSN : 2354-967X
 Abrar 75

bina (verb)

peN - + bina + - an

pembinaan (noun)

Pendidikan

The word „pendidikan‟ is resulted from derivation process. In this

word, the derivational is formed by the addition of circumfix peN-an to the

root of word. Besides, this indeed changes the category class of word. The

root of word is a verb „didik‟ which means „to teach someone, especially

using the formal system of school, collage or university‟. After the root is

added with circumfix peN –an, it becomes a noun „pendidikan‟ which means

„the process of teaching and learning in a school, collage or university‟. The

process of derivation can be seen in the following diagram:

didik (verb)

peN - + didik + - an

pendidikan

Although the three data above are the results of derivational process

by the addition of circumfix peN-an, they are different in terms of affix

variation. The affix variations of circumfix peN-an in the first analysis is

peny-an, the second analysis is pem-an, and the third analysis is pen-an.

f. Circumfix ke-an

LearnING Journal
Volume 1, No. 1, January 2014, pp.59-85
ISSN : 2354-967X
 Abrar 76

There are four words found in the second text that deal with derivational

process by the addition of circumfix ke-an. The analysis of the data is

presented in the following:

Kesehatan

The word kesehatan is derived form of derivational process. The

circumfix ke-an in the word „kesehatan’ is attached to another morpheme

„sehat‟. The circumfix changes both the word class and the meaning of the

root. The root of word is an adjective „sehat’ which means‟ strong and well‟.

After the root is added with circumfix ke-an, it becomes a noun kesehatan

which means „the condition of the body and the degree to which it is free

from illness, or the state of being well‟. The process of derivation can be seen

in the following diagram:

sehat (adjective)

ke - + sehat + - an

kesehatan (noun)

Kepedulian

The word „kepedulian‟ is resulted from derivation process. There is an

additional of circumfix ke-an to the root of word and it results the change of

word category class of word. The root of word is a verb „peduli‟ which means

„to look after someone from something‟. After the root is added with

LearnING Journal
Volume 1, No. 1, January 2014, pp.59-85
ISSN : 2354-967X
 Abrar 77

circumfix ke –an, it becomes a noun „kepedulian‟ which means „serious

attention‟. The process of derivation can be seen in the following diagram:

peduli (verb)

ke - + peduli + - an

kepedulian

Both analyses above are the results of derivation process by the

addition of circumfix ke-an. The two analyses above are different in terms

derivation pattern. The first analysis pattern is adjective-to noun pattern.

Another word belongs to this pattern found in the second text is „kegiatan‟.

On the other hand, the second analysis pattern is verb-to-noun derivation.

Another word belongs to this pattern which is found in the second text is

„kesempatan‟.

Third Text Analysis

In the third text (see appendices), there are 6 derivation words

such as pilihan, tagihan, layanan, pembayaran, keinginan and kecepatan.

Below is the analysis of each data depending on the affix that determines

the changes in derivational process.

a. Suffix –an

Suffix –an changes the category of word class when it is attached to the

verb or adjective. It is caused the suffix –an is a derivation affix. There are

three data concerning to this. The analysis of the data is in the following:
LearnING Journal
Volume 1, No. 1, January 2014, pp.59-85
ISSN : 2354-967X
 Abrar 78

Pilihan

The word pilihan is resulted from derivational process. The

derivational process happens because there is word category changing after

the verb root is added with suffix -an. The root of word is a verb „pilih’ which

means „to decide what you want from two or more things or possibilities ‟.

After the root is added with suffix -an, it becomes a noun „pilihan’ which

means „an act or the possibility of choosing‟. The process of derivation can be

seen in the following diagram:

pilih (verb)

pilih + - an

pilihan ( noun)

Beside the word „pilihan‟, several similar words that deal with

derivational process by the additional of suffix –an found in the third text are

„tagihan‟ and „layanan‟.

b. Circumfix peN-an

Circumfix peN-an is a one of derivation affixes that change the word

into noun when it is attached to a verb. There is only one word for this found

in the third text. The analysis of the word is as below:

Pembayaran

In the word „pembayaran‟ above, the circumfix peN-an is attached to

the root of word „bayar‟. The attachment of derivational affix results a new

lexeme that changes both the word class and the meaning of the root. The
LearnING Journal
Volume 1, No. 1, January 2014, pp.59-85
ISSN : 2354-967X
 Abrar 79

root of word is a verb „bayar’ which means „to give money for someone for

something you want to buy or services provided‟. After the root is added with

a circumfix peN-an, it becomes a noun ‘pembayaran’ which means „an

amount of money paid‟. The process of this derivation can be seen in the

following diagram:

bayar ( verb)

peN - + bayar + -an

pembayaran ( noun)

The word „pembayaran‟ is the only data which is found in the third

text that deals with derivational process by the aaddition of suffix peN-an.

The affix variation of the data analysis above is pem-an.

c. Circumfix ke-an

Circumfix ke-an changes the category of word class when it is added

to the root because it is a derivational affix. From the writer analysis of the

third text, it is found that there are two words belong to this. The analysis of

the data is as follow:

Keinginan

The word keinginan is the result of derivational process. The

derivational process happens because there is word category changing after

the verb root is added with circumfix ke-an. The root of word is a verb „ingin’

which means „to wish for a particular thing or plan of action‟. After the root is

added with circumfix ke-an, it becomes a noun „keinginan’ which means „a

LearnING Journal
Volume 1, No. 1, January 2014, pp.59-85
ISSN : 2354-967X
 Abrar 80

feeling of wanting something‟. The process of derivation can be seen in the

following diagram:

ingin (verb)

ke - + ingin + - an

keinginan (noun)

Kecepatan

The word „kecepatan‟ is the derived form of derivational process by

the addition of circumfix ke-an. The addition of derivational affix to the root

of word indeed results a new lexeme that changes both the word class and the

meaning of the root. The root of word is an adjective „cepat’ which means

„moving or happening quickly‟. After the root is added with a circumfix ke-

an, it becomes a noun ‘kecepatan’ which means „very fact movement‟. The

process of this derivation can be seen in the following diagram:

cepat (adjective)

ke - + cepat + - an

kecepatan (noun)

Although the two data above are the results of derivational process by

the addition of circumfix ke-an, they are different in terms of derivation

pattern. The pattern of the first analysis is verb-to-noun derivation and

adjective-to-noun derivation for the second analysis data.

LearnING Journal
Volume 1, No. 1, January 2014, pp.59-85
ISSN : 2354-967X
 Abrar 81

CONCLUSION

From the analysis, it can be concluded that:

1. There are 31 derivation words found in three Indonesian texts: 4

words are the result of derivational process by the addition of prefix

peN-, 12 words are from the addition of suffix –an, 6 words are from

the addition of circumfix PeN-an, 7 words are from the addition of

circumfix ke-an, 1 word is from the addition of prefix ber- and 1 word

is from the addition of suffix –kan.

2. The derivation by the addition of suffix –an is the most dominant

Indonesian derivation words found in three Indonesian articles.

LearnING Journal
Volume 1, No. 1, January 2014, pp.59-85
ISSN : 2354-967X
 Abrar 82

REFERENCES
Alwi, Hasan dll. (1998). Tata bahasa bakubahasa Indonesia (Edisi ke-3).
Jakarta: Balai Pustaka.
Aronoff, Mark and Fudeman, (n.d) K. What is morphology?.Blackwell
Publishing
Bauer, L. (2003). Introducing linguistic morphology. Washington:
Georgetown University Press.
Chaer, A. (1994). Linguistik umum. Jakarta: PT Rineka Cipta.
Crystal, David. (1980). A first dictionary of linguistics and
phonetics. Boulder, CO: Westview.
Djajasudarma, T. Fatimah. (1993). Metode linguistik ancangan metode
penelitian dan kajian. Bandung: PT. Eresco.
Haspelmath, Martin., & Sims, Andrea D. (2010). Understanding Morphology
(2nd. ed). London: Hodder Education.
Junawaroh, Siti. (2009). Derivasi nomina deverbal dalam bahasa
Indonesia.Jurnal Metalingua Vol. 7 No. 1.
Katamba, F. (1993).Morphology. London: MacMillan Press.
Lieber, Rochelle. (2010). Introducing morphology. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press.
Matthews, P. H. (1991). Morphology. 2nd edition. Cambridge, England:
Cambridge University.
Manning, C and Schutze, H. (1999).Foundations of statistical natural
language processing. Cambridge and Massachusetts: The MIT Press.
Ramlan, M. (2001).Morfologi suatu tinjauan deskriptif. Yogyakarta: CV.
Karyono.
Sudaryanto.(1993). Metode dan teknik analisis bahasa: Pengantar wahana
kebudayaan secara linguistik. Yogyakarta: Duta Wacana University
Press.

LearnING Journal
Volume 1, No. 1, January 2014, pp.59-85
ISSN : 2354-967X
 Abrar 83

APPENDIX A: THE TEXTS

First Text

Bolos, Pelajar Mencuri

SEMARANG – Seorang pelajar kelas 1 sebuah SMK Negeri di
Semarang, kepergok mencuri helm milik pembesuk di halaman parkir
fasilitas umum RSUP Dr. Kariadi, Jum‟at (6/1) siang ketika sedang
membesuk teman sesama pemain band yang meninggal.
Pelajar jurusan multimedia yang kedapatan membolos sekolah
berinisial DW (16), warga Jalan Mendut Utara 8 RT 01/ RW 05
Manyaran Semarang Barat ini dipergoki petugas parkir rumah sakit
setempat saat membawa kabur helm curian.
Menurut pengakuan DW, pencurian itu dilakukan ketika ia sedang
menjenguk teman bandnya yang meninggal dunia akibat kecelakaan.
“Saya mencuri helm baru kali ini karena tidak punya uang untuk membeli
mouse computer dan modem, “ katanya.
Dengan mengendarai motor Honda Astrea 800 H-4515-IY milik
ayahnya, pelaku datang ke rumah sakit sekitar pukul 09.00 dan memarkir
area parkir di sebelah timur.
Karena belum mengetahui nama teman yang meninggal karena
hanya mendapat informasi dari teman sesama band, pelaku kebingungan
mencari ruangan teman bandnya itu dan akhirnya nongkrong di parkiran.
Saat itulah timbul niat pelaku untuk mencuri helm milik salah seorang
pembesuk.
Setelah dirasa aman, pelaku kemudian mengambil helm warna
merah yang digantungkan di spion kendaraan, kemudian kembali ke
tempat parkir motornya yang berada di dekat pos penjagaan.Petugas yang
curiga melihat pelaku kemudian menangkap DW yang setelah
diinterogasi mengaku mengambil helm dimotor Honda Vario H-4319-
QZ.“Rencananya mau saya jual ke PKL Kokrosono.Dulu saya pernah
menjual helm milik sendiri dan laku Rp. 50 ribu” katanya.
Chief security RSUP Dr Kariyadi, Suyitno mengatakan, pihaknya
mendapat laporan dari petugas parkir, Setiyo curiga melihat gerak-gerik
pelaku.Setelah dipantau, ternyata pelaku mencuri helm milik pembesuk.
Untuk mempertanggungjawabkan perbuatannya, pelaku kemudian
diserahkan ke Mapolrestabes untuk diproses hukum.( J12. H68-
69)(Source: Semarang Metro, published on January 7th 2012 p. 24.)

LearnING Journal
Volume 1, No. 1, January 2014, pp.59-85
ISSN : 2354-967X
 Abrar 84

Second Text
KNPI Sumbang Anak Yatim
KENDAL – Komite nasional Pemuda Indonesia (KNPI) Jawa
Tengah kembali melanjutkan program santunan yatim piatu.Kemarin
giliran di Panti asuhan Muhammadiyah Kaliwungu.
Penyerahanbantuan berupa danapembinaan dan alat-alat tulis
yang diserahkan oleh Wakil Ketua KNPI Jateng Farhan Hilmie
didampingi Ketua KNPI Kendal Ali Martin.
“Bakti sosial yang kami selenggarakan merupakan program KNPI
peduli.Kegiatan ini bertujuan menunjukkan rasa empati dan responsivitas
pemuda terhadap kondisi sosial supaya terwujud solidaritas yang kuat
antarsesama anak bangsa,” kata Farhan Hilmie.
Pada kesempatan ini, Farhan mengajak kepada anak yatim piatu
yang tinggal di PA Muhammadiyah Kaliwungu untuk utamakan
pendidikan.
“Pendidikan sangat penting bagi generasi muda.Mari mencintai
pendidikan agar anak-anak panti bisa menjadi orang yang berguna bagi
masyarakat, “tambahnya.
Dia berharap, anak panti asuhan jangan malu dan harus mampu
melanjutkan pendidikan hingga menjadi seorang sarjana bahkan
doktor.Dia optimis, asalkan giat belajar, peluang mendapat beasiswa juga
sangat besar.
Apalagi, sekarang anggaran pendidikan telah meningkat 20 persen.
Dengan pendidikan yang tinggi, mereka akan mudah melanjutkan cita-
citanya.
Semakin tinggi jenjang pendidikan yang ditempuhnya, pihaknya
yakin, pekerjaan akan datang dengan sendiri. “Jangan berkecil hati meski
sudah ditinggal orang tua.Kalian harus tetap semangat, “tutur dia.
Koordinator panitia, Lukman Hakim menjelaskan, kunjungan ke
panti asuhan ini dilakukan secara roadshow di sejumlah daerah di Jateng.
Selain Kendal,roadshow juga dilakukan di Demak, Pati, Semarang dan
Purbalingga. KNPI, lanjut Lukman, dibawah pimpinan Novita Wijayanti
mempunyai “Program KNPI Peduli”.Selain bakti sosial pendidikan, kami
juga menyelenggarakan kegiatan peduli kesehatan, olahraga dan seni
budaya. Dengan mengedepankan kepedulian diharapkan pemuda Jawa
Tengah bisa memperkuat kebersamaan dan sinergi antarsesama elemen
masyarakat, “ ujar dia. (H36-14)

(Source: Semarang Metro, published on January 7th 2012 p. 25 and 26.)

LearnING Journal
Volume 1, No. 1, January 2014, pp.59-85
ISSN : 2354-967X
 Abrar 85

Third Text

Kios Pembayaran Online Mudahkan Pelanggan

SEMARANG – Alasan mudah dan praktis, sistem pembayaran
online saat ini menjadi salah satu pilihan masyarakat untuk membayar
tagihan rumah tangga seperti listrik, air, dan telepon.Layanan tersebut
koni berkembang pesat dengan membuka pembayaran online tagihan
rekening air Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum (PDAM) Kota Semarang.
Kios pembayaran online (KIPO) yang dikembangkan PT Bangun
Usaha Energi Perkasa (PT BUEP) misalnya, mulai 1 Desember lalu
menjawab keinginan pelanggan dengan menerapkan sistem pembayaran
online tagihan rekening air.
Gonang Wahyono dari PT BUEP menuturkan, dengan membayar
tagihan rekening PDAM melalui loket KIPO, pelanggan tidak perlu lagi
ke kantor PDAM. “Tidak perlu antre, cukup ke loket KIPO terdekat,”
ujarnya kemarin.
Mekanisme yang diterapkan menggunakan sistem Payment Point
Online Bank (PPOB). Yakni mekanisme pembayaran rekening bekerja
sama dengan perbankan. Sistemnya terkoneksi secara online real time,
efektif, dan akurat. Sistem tersebut juga bekerja sama dengan PT PLN, PT
Telkom, dan PDAM Semarang, sehingga tidak ada permasalahan dalam
pelayanan pembayaran rekening.
PT BEUP menerima pelayanan pembayaran transaksi rekening
listrik PLN, rekening telepon, tagihan air PDAM, membayar telepon
speedy, Flexy, pasca bayar kartu Halo, Matrix, dan berbagai multibiller
lainnya. Untuk area pelayanan di semarang, KIPO dengan logo “Mari
Membayar” ini memiliki mitra payment point yang terbesar dibeberapa
wilayah. Diantaranya Semarang Tengah, semarang Timur, Semarang
Selatan, Tegowanu, Purwodadi, Demak, Boja, Kendal, Weleri dan masih
banyak lagi.
“Kami juga menyasar ke pelosok daerah dengan mengoptimalkan
sistem komunikasi dan IT serta kecepatan akses koneksi ke sejumlah
Koperasi Unit Desa (KUD) serta kelurahan, kecamatan, koperasi
pegawai, dan loket perorangan,” pungkas Gonang. (K14-87)
(Source: Semarang Metro, published on January 7th 2012 p. 27.)

LearnING Journal
Volume 1, No. 1, January 2014, pp.59-85
ISSN : 2354-967X