PM SHRI KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA GACHIBOWLI, GPRA CAMPUS, HYD-32

SAMPLE PAPER TEST 01 FOR BOARD EXAM 2024

(ANSWERS)
SUBJECT: PHYSICS MAX. MARKS : 70
CLASS : XII DURATION: 3 HRS
General Instructions:
1. There are 33 questions in all. All questions are compulsory
2. This question paper has five sections: Section A, Section B, Section C, Section D and Section E.
All the sections are compulsory.
3. Section A contains sixteen questions, twelve MCQ and four Assertion-Reasoning based questions
of 1 mark each, Section B contains five questions of two marks each, Section C contains seven
questions of three marks each, section D contains three long questions of five marks each and
Section E contains two case study based questions of 4 marks each.
4. There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in section B, C, D and
E. You have to attempt only one of the choices in such questions.
5. Use of calculators is not allowed.

SECTION – A
Questions 1 to 16 carry 1 mark each.

1. A resistance R is to be measured using a meter bridge. Student chooses the standard resistance S
to be 100 Ω. He finds the null point at l1 = 2.9 cm. He is told to attempt to improve the accuracy.
Which of the following is a useful way?
(a) He should measure l1 more accurately.
(b) He should change S to 1000 Ω and repeat the experiment.
(c) He should change S to 3 Ω and repeat the experiment.
(d) He should give up hope of a more accurate measurement with a meter bridge.
Ans: (c) He should change S to 3 Ω and repeat the experiment.

2. The variation potential V with r and electric field E with r for a point charge is correctly shown
in the graphs.

Ans: (b)

3. A proton, a neutron, an electron and an α-particle have the same energy. Then their de Broglie
wavelengths compare as
(a) λp = λn > λe > λα (b) λα < λp = λn < λe
(c) λe < λp = λn > λα (d) λe = λp = λn = λα
Ans: (b) λα < λp = λn < λe

4. There are two coils A and B as shown in figure. A current starts flowing in B as shown, when A
is moved towards B and stops when A stops moving. The current in A is counter clockwise. B is
kept stationary when A moves. We can infer that:

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 (a) there is a constant current in the clockwise direction in A.
(b) there is a varying current in A.
(c) there is no current in A.
(d) there is a constant current in the counter clockwise direction in A.
Ans: (d) there is a constant current in the counter clockwise direction in A.

5. The direction of ray of light incident on a concave mirror is shown by PQ while directions in
which the ray would travel after reflection is shown by four rays marked 1, 2, 3 and 4 (figure).
Which of the four rays correctly shows the direction of reflected ray:

(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4

Ans: (b) 2

6. The spatial distribution of the electric field due to two charges (A, B) is shown in figure. Which
one of the following statements is correct?

(a) A is + ve and B is – ve and |A|>|B|

(b) A is – ve and B is + ve, |A|=|B|
(c) Both are + ve but A>B
(d) Both are – ve but A>B
Ans: (a) A is + ve and B is – ve and |A|>|B|

7. In a Young’s double-slit experiment the source is white light. One of the holes is covered by a
red filter and another by a blue filter. In this case,
(a) there shall be alternate interference patterns of red and blue.
(b) there shall be an interference pattern for red distinct from that for blue.
(c) there shall be no interference fringes.
(d) there shall be an interference pattern for red mixing with one for blue.
Ans: (c) there shall be no interference fringes.

8. A metal rod of length 10 cm and a rectangular cross-section of 1 cm × 1/2 cm is connected to

battery across opposite faces. The resistance will be
(a) maximum when the battery is connected across 1 cm × 1/2 cm faces
(b) maximum when the battery is connected across 10 cm × 1 cm faces
(c) maximum when the battery is connected across 10 cm × 1/2 cm faces

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 (d) same irrespective of the three faces
Ans: (a) maximum when the battery is connected across 1 cm × 1/2 cm faces

9. Consider sunlight incident on a slit of width 104 Å. The image seen through the slit shall:
(a) be a fine sharp slit white in colour at the centre.
(b) a bright slit white at the centre diffusing to zero intensities at the edges.
(c) a bright slit white at the centre diffusing to regions of different colours.
(d) only be a diffused slit white in colour. 1
Ans: (a) be a fine sharp slit white in colour at the centre.

10. The electrostatic potential on the surface of a charged conducting sphere is 100 V. Two
statements are made in this regard:
S1 : At any point inside the sphere, electric intensity is zero.
S2 : At any point inside the sphere, the electrostatic potential is 100 V.
Which of the following is a correct statement?
(a) S1 is true but S2 is false.
(b) Both S1 and S2 are false.
(c) S1 is true, S2 is also true and S1 is the cause of S2.
(d) S1 is true, S2 is also true but the statements are independent.
Ans: (c) S1 is true, S2 is also true and S1 is the cause of S2.

11. A square of side L metres lies in the x–y plane in a region where the magnetic field is given by

B  B0 (2i  3 j  4k ) Tesla, where, B0 is constant.
The magnitude of flux passing through the square is:
(a) 2B0 L2Wb (b) 3B0 L2Wb (c) 4B0 L2Wb (d) 29B0 L2Wb
Ans: (c) 4B0 L2Wb

12. A silver wire has a resistance of 2.1 Ω at 27.5 °C, and a resistance of 2.7 Ω at 100 °C. What is
the temperature coefficient of resistivity of silver?
(a) 0.0059 (b) 0.0039 (c) 0.0129 (d) 0.0159
Ans: (b) 0.0039

ASSERTION-REASON BASED QUESTIONS

In the following questions, a statement of assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R).
Choose the correct answer out of the following choices.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.

13. Assertion (A): The drift velocity of electrons in a metallic conductor decreases with rise of
temperature of conductor.
Reason (R): On increasing temperature, the collision of electrons with lattice ions increases; this
hinders the drift of electrons.
Ans: (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

14. Assertion (A): In series LCR resonance circuit, the impedance is equal to the ohmic resistance.
Reason (R): At resonance, the inductive reactance exceeds the capacitive reactance.
Ans: (c) A is true but R is false.

15. Assertion (A): In an electromagnetic wave, electric field vector and magnetic field vector are
mutually perpendicular.
Reason (R): Electromagnetic waves are transverse.

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 Ans: (b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

16. Assertion (A): Magnetic field lines always form closed loops.
Reason (R): Moving charges or currents produce a magnetic field.
Ans: (b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

SECTION – B
Questions 17 to 21 carry 2 marks each.

17. Two monochromatic radiations of frequencies 1 and 2 (1 > 2) and having the same intensity
are, in turn, incident on a photosensitive surface to cause photoelectric emission. Explain, giving
reason, in which case (i) more number of electrons will be emitted and (ii) the maximum kinetic
energy of the emitted photoelectrons will be more.
Ans: (i) Intensity of incident radiation I = nh, where, n is the number of photons incident per
unit time per unit area. For same intensity of two monochromatic radiations of frequency 1 and
2.
n1h1 = n2h2
As, 1 > 2 ⇒ n2 > n1
Therefore, the number of electrons emitted for monochromatic radiation of frequency 2, will be
more than that for radiation of frequency 1.
(ii) h = 0 + Kmax
∴ For given 0 (work function of metal),
Kmax increases with .
∴ The maximum kinetic energy of emitted photoelectrons will be more for monochromatic light
of frequency 1 (as 1 > 2).

18. Draw the energy band diagram when intrinsic semiconductor (Ge) is doped with impurity atoms
of Antimony (Sb). Name the extrinsic semiconductor so obtained and majority charge carriers in
it.
Ans:

This is an n-type extrinsic semiconductor.

Majority carriers are electrons.

19. A proton and a deuteron are accelerated through the same accelerating potential. Which one of
the two has:
(a) greater value of de-Broglie wavelength associated with it, and
(b) less momentum?
Give reasons to justify your answer.
h
Ans: (a) de-Broglie wavelength is given by  
2mqV
As mass of proton < mass of deuteron
and qp = qd and V is same.
∴ λp > λd for same accelerating potential.

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 h
(b) Momentum =

∵ λp > λd
∴ Momentum of proton will be less than that of deuteron.

20. (a) Which charge carriers in intrinsic semiconductor will have conduction?
(b) How does the resistance of a semiconductor change when heated?
Ans: (a) Electrons and holes. These are the change carriers which are responsible for conduction.
In p type of semiconductor holes are majority charge carriers while in n-type, electrons are
majority charge carriers.
(b) Resistance decreases. As with rise in temperature, number of free charge carriers increases
due to breaking of more and more covalent bonds and hence its resistivity decreases.

21. State Bohr postulate of hydrogen atom that gives the relationship for the frequency of emitted
photon in a transition.
Ans: Bohr’s third postulate: It states that an electron might make a transition from one of its
specified non-radiating orbits to another of lower energy. When it does so, a photon is emitted
having energy equal to the energy difference between the initial and final states.
The frequency of the emitted photon is given by hν = Ei – Ef
where Ei and Ef are the energies of the initial and final states and Ei > Ef.
OR
Write the shortcomings of Rutherford atomic model. Explain how these were overcome by the
postulates of Bohr's atomic model.
Ans: Rutherford proposed planetary model of an atom in which electrons revolve around the
nucleus. An electron revolving around the nucleus has an acceleration directed towards the
nucleus. Such accelerated electron must radiate electromagnetic radiation. But, if a revolving
electron radiates energy, the total energy of the system must decrease. In such situation, the
electron must come closer to the nucleus and hit the nucleus. Also, the radiation spectrum of
emitted electromagnetic waves should be continuous.
However, this does not happen in an atom. Atom is not unstable and the spectrum is not
continuous. Rutherford atomic model cannot explain these two observations. These are the
shortcomings of Rutherford atomic model.
To overcome this discrepancy, Neils Bohr put forward three postulates combining classical
Physics and Planck’s quantum hypothesis. Bohr’s 1st postulate provides stability to the atomic
model. Bohr’s 2nd postulate provides justification that electrons may revolve in stationary orbit.
Bohr’s 3rd postulate provides the explanation of line spectrum.

SECTION – C
Questions 22 to 28 carry 3 marks each.
22. A device ‘X’ is connected to an a.c source. The variation of voltage, current and power in one
complete cycle is shown in the below figure.
(a) Which curve shows power consumption over a full cycle?
(b) What is the average power consumption over a cycle?
(c) Identify the device ‘X’.

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 Ans: (a) The curve of power will have maximum amplitude and the is equal to the product of
amplitudes of voltages and current. Therefore, curve A represents power.
(b) The average power consumption over a cycle is zero as the full cycle in the graph consists of
one positive and one negative symmetrical area.
(c) X might be an inductor or capacitor or a combination of both.
OR
State the underlying principle of a transformer. How is the large scale transmission of electric
energy over long distances done with the use of transformers?
Ans: A transformer is based on the principle of mutual induction which states that due to
continuous change in the current in the primary coil, an emf gets induced across the secondary
coil. Electric power generated at the power station, is stepped-up to very high voltages by means
of a step-up transformer and transmitted to a distant place. At receiving end, it is stepped down
by a step-down transformer.
23. Name the type of EM waves having a wavelength range of 0.1 m to 1 mm. How are these waves
generated? Write their two uses.
Ans: Type of electromagnetic waves having wavelength range 0.1 m to 1 mm is microwaves
and are produced by klystron valve or magnetron valve.
These are produced by vacuum tubes devices that operate on the ballistic motion of electron
controlled by magnetic or electric fields. They can also be produced by traveling wave
tube(TWT) and gyrotron.
These waves work in density modulated mode rather than current modulated mode.
Uses of microwaves electromagnetic waves are (any two)
1) Used for point to point telecommunications.
2) Used for high data transmission.
3) T.V. and telephone communications are transmitted long distances by microwaves.
4) Microwaves are also employed in microwave ovens and in radar technology.
5) They are also be used in navigation and radio signals
OR
What should be the width of each slit to obtain 10 maxima of double slit pattern within the
central maxima of single slit pattern?
Ans: Let the width of each slit is a.
D
Linear separation between 10 fringes is given by x  10   10
d
x 10
Corresponding angular separation is 1  
D d

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 Now the angular width of central maximum in the diffraction pattern of a single slit is given by
2
2 
a
Since  2  1 ,
2 10 2d d 1.00
  a a   0.2 mm
a d 10 5 5

24. A coil of wire enclosing an area 100 cm2 is placed with its plane making an angle 60° with the
magnetic field of strength 10–1 T.
What is the flux through the coil? If magnetic field is reduced to zero in 10–3 s, then find the
induced emf.
Ans:  = BA cos θ, B = 10–1 T, A = 100 cm2 = 10–2 m2
3
cos θ = cos (90° – 60°) = cos 300 =
2
3
∴  = 10–1 × 10–2 ×
2
3
∴= × 10–3 Wb
2
3
10 3 3
Induced emf = || = d/dt  2 3  V
10 2
25. Explain the formation of potential barrier and depletion region in a p–n junction diode. What is
effect of applying forward bias on the width of depletion region?
Ans: Formation of depletion region: In the p-type semiconductor, holes are the majority carrier
and in the n-type semiconductor, electrons are the majority carrier.

When a p–n junction is formed, some of the electrons from the n-region which have reached the
conduction band are free to diffuse across the junction and combine with holes.
Filling a hole, makes a negative ion in p-side and a positive ion in the n-side. Thus, free charges
get depleted and a depletion region is formed, which inhibits any further electron transfer.
OR
(a) In the following diagram, which bulb out of B1 and B2 will glow and why?

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 (b) Draw a diagram of an illuminated p-n junction solar cell.
(c) Explain briefly the three processes due to which generation of emf takes place in a solar cell.
Ans: (a) In the diagram, diode D1 is in forward bias and diode D2 is in reverse bias, So current
will flow through D1 and D2 will not allow flowing the current, So bulb B1 will glow and bulb B2
will not glow.
(a)

(c) When the photodiode is illuminated with light, with energy greater than the energy gap of the
semiconductor, then electron-hole pairs are generated due to the absorption of photons, in or near
the depletion region. Due to the electric field of the junction, electrons and holes are separated
before the recombine electrons reach n-side and holes reach p-side. Electrons are collected on n-
side and holes are collected on p-side giving rise to an emf. When connected to an external load
is current flows, whose magnitude depends on the intensity of incident light. The photodiode can
be used as a photodetector to detect optical signals.

26. A 200 F parallel plate capacitor having plate separation of 5 mm is charged by a 100 V dc
source. It remains connected to the source. Using an insulated handle, the distance between the
plates is doubled and a dielectric slab of thickness 5 mm and dielectric constant 10 is introduced
between the plates. Explain with reason, how the (i) capacitance, (ii) electric field between the
plates, (iii) energy density of the capacitor will change?
Ans: Given: Capacitance of the capacitor, C= 200 F
Potential of dc source, V = 100 V
Let 'A' be the area of the plate and 'd' be the separation between the plates,
The capacitance of the capacitor is given as,
 A
C  0   0 A  Cd ...(i)
d
When the capacitor remains connected with the dc source, then there will be no change in
potential difference.
(i) Now, according the problem
Separation between the plates = 2d
Thickness of dielectric slab, t = 5 mm = 5.0 × 10–3 m
Dielectric constant, K = 10
A 0
New capacitance of the capacitor, C ' 
t
( d ' t ) 
K
Here, d' = 2d and t = d

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 A 0 A 0 A 0
C'  
d d  1
(2d  d )  d d 1  
K K  K
KC 10  200  F
C'   182 F
K 1 (10  1)
Hence, new capacitance of the capacitor will decrease.
(ii) Since, there in no change in the potential difference.
Hence, there would not be any change in electric field.
100
It will be  18,182 V/m.
5.5  103
(iii) The energy will decrease because:
1
E  CV 2  E  C [∵ V is constant]
2
Hence, the energy density will also decrease.

27. (a) Define mutual inductance and write its S.I. unit.
(b) A square loop of side 'a' carrying a current I2 is kept at distance x from an infinitely long
straight wire carrying a current I1 as shown in the figure. Obtain the expression for the resultant
force acting on the loop.

Ans: (a) Mutual inductance equals the magnetic flux associated with a coil when unit current
flows in its neighbouring coil. Alternatively, mutual inductance equals the induced emf in ac coil
when the rate of change of current in its neighbouring coil is one ampere/second.
S.I unit: Henry (H) or weber/ampere (or any other correct SI unit)
 2I I
(b) Force per unit length between two parallel straight conductors, F  0 1 2
4 d
Force on the part of the loop which is parallel to infinite straight wire and at a distance x from it.
 II
F1  0 1 2 (away from the, infinite straight wire)
4 x
Force on the part of the loop which is at a distant (x + a) from it
 IIa
F2  0 1 2 (towards the infinite straight wire)
2 ( x  a )
 II  I I a  I I a 1 1 
Net force F = F1 – F2  F  0 1 2  0 1 2  0 1 2  
4 x 2 ( x  a) 4  x x  a 
 0 I1 I 2 a 2
F (away from the infinite straight wire)
2 x( x  a )

28. Draw the curve showing the variation of binding energy per nucleon with the mass number of
nuclei. Using it explain the fusion of nuclei lying on ascending part and fission of nuclei lying on
descending part of this curve.

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 Ans: From the graph, it is clear that it has a peak near A = 60. Nuclei around this are most stable.
(Example: Iron)

The shape of this curve suggests two possibilities for converting significant amounts of mass into
energy :
(i) Fission reactions: From the curve, the heaviest nuclei are less stable than the nuclei near A =
60. This suggests that energy can be released if heavy nuclei split apart into smaller nuclei. This
process is called fission.
(ii) Fusion reactions: The curve also suggests energy can be released from the lighter elements
(like hydrogen and helium) as they are less stable than heavier elements up to A~60. Thus,
sticking two light nuclei together to form a heavier nucleus can also release energy. This process
is called fusion. In both fission and fusion reactions, the total masses after the reaction are less
than those before. Thus “missing mass” appears as energy.

SECTION – D
Questions 29 to 31 carry 5 marks each.

29. (a) In Rutherford scattering experiment, draw the trajectory traced by a-particles in the coulomb
field of target nucleus and explain how this led to estimate the size of the nucleus.
(b) Describe briefly how wavelength is related to kinetic energy?
(c) Estimate the ratio of de-Broglie wavelengths associated with deuterons and a-particles when
they are accelerated from rest through the same accelerating potential V.
Ans: (a) The trajectory, traced by the a-particles in the Coulomb field of target nucleus, has the
form as shown below:

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 The size of the nucleus was estimated by observing the distance (d) of closest approach, of the -
1 2eZe
particles. This distance is given by d  .
4 0 K
where, K = kinetic energy of the a-particles when they are far away from the target nuclei.
(b) There is inverse relation between wavelength and kinetic energy. Mathematically,
h

2mK
h h h
(c)       
p mv 2mqV
h
 2md qdV m q
Hence, d   (accelerated potential is same for both particles)
 h md qd
2m q V
d 4 2
  2
 2 1

OR
(a) Using Bohr’s postulates, derive the expression for the total energy of the electron in the
stationary states of the hydrogen atom.
(b) Using Rydberg formula, calculate the wavelengths of the spectral lines of the first member of
the Lyman series and of the Balmer series.
nh nh
Ans: (a) mvr  v
2 2 mr
2 2
mv 1 e e2
  r 
r 4 0 r 2 4 0 mv 2
e2  0n2h2
r 2
r 
 nh   me 2
4 0  
 2 mr 
1 e2 me 4
Potential Energy, U  
4 0 r 4 0 2 n 2 h 2
2
1 1  nh  n 2 h2 2 m2 e4
Kinetic Energy, K .E .  mv 2  m   
2 2  2 mr  8 2 m 0 2 n 4 h 4
me 4
 K .E. 
8 0 2 n 2 h 2
me 4
Total Energy = K.E. + P.E.  
8 0 2 n 2 h 2
(b) Rydberg's formula: For first member of Lyman series,
1 1 1  1  1 3 4 4 o o
 R  2  2    R 1    R      912 A  1216 A
 1 2    4 4 3R 3
For first member of Balmer Series.
1  1 1 1 1 1 5
 R 2  2    R    R
 2 3   4 9 36
36 36 o o
    912 A  6566.4 A
5R 5

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30. (a) Define the term wavefront.
(b) Use Huygens’ geometrical construction to show how a plane wave front at t = 0 propagates
and produces a wave front at a later time. Using Huygen's wave theory, verify the law of
reflection.
Ans: (a) Wave front is a surface of constant phase. Alternatively, it is the locus of all those points
which are in the same phase of disturbance.
(b) Let us consider a plane wavefront X1Y1 at t = 0. According to Huygen’s principle each point
on this wavefront may be considered as a point source. Points are considered for the convenience
of drawing. 3 circular arcs are drawn centring each point with radius ct where c is the velocity
of light and t is the time difference. A common tangent is drawn to these 3 arcs which gives the
new wavefront X2Y2 parallel to X1Y1 after time t.

Consider a plane wave AB incident at an angle ‘i’ on a reflecting surface MN

let t = time taken by the wave front to advance from B to C.
∴ BC = vt
Let CE represent the tangent plane drawn from the point E to the sphere of radius ‘vt’ having A
as its center.

then AE = BC = vt
it follows that ∆EAC ≅ ∆BAC
Hence, ∠i = ∠r (cpct)
∴ Angle of incidence = angle of reflection
OR
Answer the following questions:
(a) In a single-slit diffraction experiment, the width of the slit is made double the original width.
How does this affect the size and intensity of the central diffraction band?
(b) In what way is diffraction from each slit related to the interference pattern in a double-slit
experiment?
(c) When a tiny circular obstacle is placed in the path of light from a distant source, a bright spot
is seen at the centre of the shadow of the obstacle. Explain why?
(d) Two students are separated by a 7 m partition wall in a room 10 m high. If both light and
sound waves can bend around obstacles, how is it that the students are unable to see each other
even though they can converse easily.
(e) Ray optics is based on the assumption that light travels in a straight line. Diffraction effects
(observed when light propagates through small apertures/slits or around small obstacles)

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 disprove this assumption. Yet the ray optics assumption is so commonly used in understanding
location and several other properties of images in optical instruments. What is the justification?
Ans: (a) In a single-slit diffraction experiment, if the width of the slit is made double the original
width, then the size of the central diffraction band reduces to half and the intensity of the central
diffraction band increases up to four times.
(b) The interference pattern in a double-slit experiment is modulated by diffraction from each
slit. The pattern is the result of the interference of the diffracted wave from each slit.
(c) When a tiny circular obstacle is placed in the path of light from a distant source, a bright spot
is seen at the centre of the shadow of the obstacle. This is because light waves are diffracted
from the edge of the circular obstacle, which interferes constructively at the centre of the
shadow. This constructive interference produces a bright spot.
(d) Bending of waves by obstacles by a large angle is possible when the size of the obstacle is
comparable to the wavelength of the waves. On the one hand, the wavelength of the light waves
is too small in comparison to the size of the obstacle. Thus, the diffraction angle will be very
small. Hence, the students are unable to see each other. On the other hand, the size of the wall is
comparable to the wavelength of the sound waves. Thus, the bending of the waves takes place at
a large angle. Hence, the students are able to hear each other.
(e) The justification is that in ordinary optical instruments, the size of the aperture involved is
much larger than the wavelength of the light used.

31. (i) Describe briefly the process of transferring the charge between the two plates of a parallel
plate capacitor when connected to a battery. Derive an expression for the energy stored in a
capacitor.
(ii) A parallel plate capacitor is charged by a battery to a potential difference V. It is
disconnected from battery and then connected to another uncharged capacitor of the same
capacitance. Calculate the ratio of the energy stored in the combination to the initial energy on
the single capacitor.
Ans: (a)Let us consider, an uncharged capacitor of capacitance which is connected with a
battery of e.m.f . Potential Difference across the capacitor will build up. Such that, the plate
with positive terminal of the battery will lose electrons and the other plate will gain the electron.
There is no transfer of charge in between the plates.

When the emf of the battery becomes equal to the potential difference across the capacitor, then
the capacitor would be fully charged and will act as an open switch.
Derivation : Let the charge on the capacitor is increased by dq amount then,
Then, the work done:-

On integrating it, we have

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 We know,

This is the work done is stored as energy on the capacitor

(b) We know, the energy stored by the capacitor when it is charged is given as :

, is the charge on the capacitor.

Now, when the capacitor is connected to the other Capacitor, they both get some charge in
equilibrium.
Hence, the total charge remains the same, the charge on each capacitor is :

Now, the energy stored is -

Hence, the Ratio is

OR
A capacitor of capacitance C1 is charged to a potential V1 while another capacitor of capacitance
C2 is charged to a potential difference V2. The capacitors are now disconnected from their
respective charging batteries and connected in parallel to each other.
(a) Find the total energy stored in the two capacitors before they are connected.
(b) Find the total energy stored in the parallel combination of the two capacitors.
(c) Explain the reason for the difference of energy in parallel combination in comparison to the
total energy before they are connected.
Ans:
(a) Total energy before they are connected.
1 1
E  C1V12  C2V2 2
2 2
(b) Let be the potential across the parallel combination
Applying conservation of charge, we can write
C V  C2V2
(C1  C2 )V  C1V1  C2V2  V  1 1
C1  C2
1
The total energy stored in parallel combination is E  CV 2
2
2
1  C V  C2V2  1 (C1V1  C2V2 ) 2
 E  (C1  C2 )  1 1   E 
2  C1  C2  2 C1  C2

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 (c) The total energy of the parallel combination is different (less) from the total energy before the
capacitors are connected. This is because some energy gets used up due to the movement of
charges.

SECTION – E(Case Study Based Questions)

Questions 32 to 33 carry 4 marks each.

32. Case-Study 1:
Read the following paragraph and answer the questions.
For an RLC circuit driven with voltage of amplitude vm and frequency , we found that the
v vm
current amplitude is given by i  m 
Z R  ( X C  X L )2
2

with XC = 1/C and XL = L. and the impedance is minimum (Z = R 2  O 2 = R). This
frequency is called the resonant frequency:
1 1
X C  X L or  0 L  0 
0C LC
At resonant frequency, the current amplitude is maximum; im = Vm/R.
Figure shows the variation of im with  in a RLC series circuit with L = 1.00 mH, C = 1.00 nF
for two values of
R: (i) R = 100  and (ii) R = 200 . For the source applied Vm = 100 V.
We see that the current amplitude is maximum at the resonant frequency.

(i) What is the value of resistance for graph (i) and graph (ii)?
(ii) What happens to the inductive and capacitive reactance at resonance?
(iii) Can we have resonance in RL and RC circuit?
OR
What is the phase difference between voltage and current at resonance?

Ans: (i) For graph (i), R = 200 

For graph (ii), R = 200 
(ii) At resonance XC = XL
(iii) No. The resonance phenomenon is exhibited by a circuit only if both L and C are present in
the circuit. Only then the voltages across L and C cancel each other and the current amplitude is
Vm /R, the total source voltage appears across R. But this cannot happen in RL and RC circuit.
So, resonance does not occur in RL and RC circuits.
OR
Since at resonance the circuit becomes completely resistive, there is no phase difference between
voltage and current at resonance.

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33. Case-Study 2:
Read the following paragraph and answer the questions
Galvanometer can sense/measure current. Improved mirror galvanometer was developed by
William Thomson, later to become Lord Kelvin, in 1858. Thomson intended the instrument to
read weak signal currents on very long submarine telegraph cables.
The fundamental problems of transmitting/ receiving a signal through a lengthy submarine cable
was that the electrical current tended to be very low (as little as 1/1,00,000th of a standard light
bulb). So, it was very difficult to detect it. To solve the problem it was thought that larger
amount of electric current would be sent through the line. But Thomson had a different approach.
He thought the best response was to devise a device that could read faint signals. The
galvanometer, first invented in 1802, was a means of detecting electric current. It consisted of a
needle that was deflected by the magnetic field created by the electric current. But the
galvanometers of the day couldn't detect the weak signals that came through a long underwater
cable. But the improved version of galvanometer was highly sensitive to detect the lowest
current.

The mirror galvanometer consists of a long fine coil of silk-covered copper wire. In the heart of
that coil, within a little air-chamber, a small round mirror is hung by a single fibre of floss silk,
with four tiny magnets cemented to its back.
A beam of light is thrown from a lamp upon the mirror and reflected by it upon a white screen or
scale a few feet distant, where it forms a bright spot of light; when there is no current on the
instrument, the spot of light remains stationary at the zero position on the screen; but the instant a
current traverses the long wire of the coil, the suspended magnets twist themselves horizontally
out of their former position, the mirror is inclined with them, and the beam of light is deflected
along the screen to one side or the other, according to the nature of the current. If a positive
electric current gives a deflection to the right of zero, a negative current will give a deflection to
the left of zero and vice versa.
The air in the little chamber surrounding the mirror is compressed, so as to act like a cushion,
and deaden the movements of the mirror; the mirror is thus prevented from idly swinging about
at each deflections.
Based on the above information, answer the following questions
(i) The credit for improved galvanometer development goes to whom? And what is its primary
function? [1]
(ii) Define the basic principle of galvanometer. [1]
(iii) The mirror galvanometer consists of what components? [2]
OR
How the ideal swinging of the mirror of mirror galvanometer is prevented? [2]
Ans: (i) Improved mirror galvanometer was developed by William Thomson, later to become
Lord Kelvin, in 1858. It is used to detect small currents in the circuit.

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 (ii) The galvanometer, was a means of detecting electric current. It consisted of a needle that was
deflected by the magnetic field created by the electric current.
(iii) The mirror galvanometer consists of a long fine coil of silk-covered copper wire. In the heart
of that coil, within a little air-chamber, a small round mirror is hung by a single fibre of floss
silk, with four tiny magnets cemented to its back.
OR
The air in the little chamber surrounding the mirror is compressed, so as to act like a cushion,
and deaden the movements of the mirror; the mirror is thus prevented from ideal swinging about
at each deflections.

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PM SHRI KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA GACHIBOWLI, GPRA CAMPUS, HYD-32
SAMPLE PAPER TEST 02 FOR BOARD EXAM 2024

SUBJECT: PHYSICS MAX. MARKS : 70

CLASS : XII DURATION: 3 HRS
General Instructions:
1. There are 33 questions in all. All questions are compulsory
2. This question paper has five sections: Section A, Section B, Section C, Section D and Section E.
All the sections are compulsory.
3. Section A contains sixteen questions, twelve MCQ and four Assertion-Reasoning based questions
of 1 mark each, Section B contains five questions of two marks each, Section C contains seven
questions of three marks each, section D contains three long questions of five marks each and
Section E contains two case study based questions of 4 marks each.
4. There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in section B, C, D and
E. You have to attempt only one of the choices in such questions.
5. Use of calculators is not allowed.

SECTION – A
Questions 1 to 16 carry 1 mark each.

1. A point positive charge is brought near an isolated conducting sphere in given figure. The
electric field is best given by

(a) Fig. (i) (b) Fig. (ii) (c) Fig. (iii) (d) Fig. (iv)

2. If an ammeter is to be used in place of a voltmeter, then we must connect with the ammeter a
(a) low resistance in parallel (b) low resistance in series
(c) high resistance in parallel (d) high resistance in series

3. A positively charged particle is released from rest in a uniform electric field. The electric
potential energy of the charge
(a) remains a constant because the electric field is uniform.
(b) increases because the charge moves along the electric field.
(c) decreases because the charge moves along the electric field.
(d) decreases because the charge moves opposite to the electric field.

4. Which of the following has negative temperature coefficient of resistivity?

(a) metal (b) metal and semiconductor (c) semiconductor (d) metal and alloy

5. In the circuit the galvanometer shows zero deflection. If the batteries A and B have negligible
internal resistance, the value of resistance R will be

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 (a) 100  (b) 200  (c) 500  (d) 1000 

6. The relationship between angle of incidence i, prism of angle A and angle of minimum deviation
for a triangular prism is:
(a) A +  m = i (b) A +  m = 2i (c) A +  /2 (d) 2A +  m = i

7. A network of six identical capacitors, each of value C is made as shown in fig. The equivalent
capacitance between points A and B is

(a) C/4 (b) 3C/4 (c) 3C/2 (d) 4C/3

8. As shown in figure, P and Q are two co-axial conducting loops separated by some distance.
When switch S is closed, a clockwise current IP flows in P (as seen by eye E) and an induced
current IQ1 flows in Q. The switch S remains closed for a long time. When S is opened, a current
IQ2 flows in Q. Then the directions of (as seen by eye E) are

(a) respectively clockwise and anticlockwise

(b) both clockwise
(c) both anticlockwise
(d) respectively anticlockwise and clockwise

9. Two identical junctions may be connected in series with a battery in three ways. The potential
drops across the two junctions are equal in

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 (a) circuits (1) and (2) (b) circuits (2) and (3)
(c) circuits (1) and (3) (d) circuit (1) only

10. An electron moves on a straight line path XY as shown. The abed is a coil adjacent to the path of
electron. What will be the direction of current, if any, induced in the coil?

(a) The current will reverse its direction as the electron goes past the coil
(b) No current induced
(c) abcd
(d) adcb

11. In a Young‘s double slit experiment, the source is white light. One of the holes is covered by a
red filter and another by a blue filter. In this case
(a) there shall be alternate interference patterns of red and blue.
(b) there shall be an interference pattern for red distinct from that for blue.
(c) there shall be no interference fringes.
(d) there shall be an interference pattern for red mixing with one for blue.

12. In an ac circuit the voltage and current are given by the following expressions V = V0 sin t and
I = I0 cos t, where the symbols have their usual meaning. Which of the following statement is
correct?
(a) Voltage lead the current by a phase angle of /2.
(b) Voltage lags behind the current by phase angle of .
(c) Voltage and current are in phase.
(d) Voltage lags behind the current by phase angle of /2.

ASSERTION-REASON BASED QUESTIONS

In the following questions, a statement of assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R).
Choose the correct answer out of the following choices.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.

13. Assertion (A): No interference pattern is detected when two coherent sources are infinitely close
to each other.
Reason (R): Fringe width is inversely proportional to separation between the slit.

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14. Assertion (A): A ray of light is incident from outside on a glass sphere surrounded by air. This
ray may suffer total internal reflection at second interface.
Reason (R): If a ray of light goes from denser to rarer medium, it bends away from the normal.

15. Assertion (A): In the absence of an externally applied electric field, the displacement per unit
volume of a polar dielectric material is always zero.
Reason (R): In polar dielectrics, each molecule has a permanent dipole moment but these are
randomly oriented in the absence of an externally applied electric field.

16. Assertion (A): The resistance of a given mass of copper wire is inversely proportional to the
square of length.
Reason (R): When a copper wire of given mass is stretched to increase its length, its cross-
sectional area also increases.

SECTION – B
Questions 17 to 21 carry 2 marks each.

17. Explain briefly how electromagnetic waves are produced by an oscillating charge. How is the
frequency of EM waves produced related to that of the oscillating charge?

18. A short bar magnet has a magnetic moment of 0.48 J/T. Find the magnitude and direction of the
magnetic field produced by the magnet at a distance of 10 cm from the centre of magnet on (i)
the axis, (ii) equatorial lines (normal bisector) of the magnet.

19. Draw the intensity pattern for single slit diffraction and double slit interference. Hence, state two
differences between interference and diffraction patterns.

20. Two stable isotopes of lithium 36 Li and 7

3 Li have respective abundances of 7.5% and 92.5%.
These isotopes have masses 6.01512 u and 7.01600 u respectively. Find the atomic weight of
lithium.
OR

21. An object is kept in front of a concave mirror of focal length 15 cm. The image formed is real
and three times the size of the object. Calculate the distance of the object from the mirror.
OR
Calculate the radius of curvature of an equi-concave lens of refractive index 1.5, when it is kept
in a medium of refractive index 1.4, to have a power of -5D?

SECTION – C
Questions 22 to 28 carry 3 marks each.
22. Draw the magnetic field lines for a current carrying solenoid when a rod made of (i) copper, (ii)
aluminium and (iii) iron are inserted within the solenoid as shown.

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 OR

Write the expression for the magnetic moment ( M ) due to a planar square loop of side ‘l’
carrying a steady current I in a vector form. In the given figure this loop is placed in a horizontal
plane near a long straight conductor carrying a steady current I1 at a distance 'l' as Shown. Give
reasons to explain that the loop will experience a net force but no torque. Write the expression
for this force acting on the loop.

23. The energy levels of a hypothetical atom are shown alongside. Which of the shown transitions
will result in the emission of a photon of wavelength 275 nm? Which of these transitions
correspond to emission of radiation of (i) maximum and (ii) minimum wavelength?

24. Explain the terms ‘depletion layer’ and ‘potential barrier’ in a p-n junction diode. How are the (i)
width of depletion layer, and (ii) value of potential barrier affected when the p-n junction is
forward biased?

25. Explain with a proper diagram how an ac signal can be converted into dc (pulsating) signal with
output frequency as double than the input frequency using p-n junction diode. Give its input and
output waveforms.

26. Three concentric metallic shells A, B and C of radii a, b and c (a < b < c) have surface charge
densities +σ, -σ and +σ respectively as shown in the figure. If shells A and C are at the same
potential, then obtain the relation between the radii a, b and c.

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27. In an experimental arrangement of two coils C1 and C2 placed coaxially parallel to each other,
find out the expression for the emf induced in the coil C1 (of N1 turns) corresponding to the
change of current I, in the coil C2 (of N2 turns).
OR
A device X is connected to an ac source. The variation of voltage, current and power in one
complete cycle is shown in the figure.

(i) Which curve shows power consumption over a full cycle?

(ii) What is the average power consumption over a cycle?
(iii) Identify the device ‘X’.

28. A long straight wire AB carries a current of 4 A. A proton P travels at 4 x 106 m/s parallel to the
wire 0.2 m from it and in a direction opposite to the current as shown in the figure. Calculate the
force which the magnetic field due to the current carrying wire exerts on the proton. Also
specify its direction.

SECTION – D
Questions 29 to 31 carry 5 marks each.

29. (i) Give a brief description of the basic elementary process involved in the photoelectric emission
in Einstein’s picture.
(i) Light of wavelength 2500 Å falls on a metal surface of work function 3.5 eV. What is the
kinetic energy (in eV) of (a) the fastest and (b) the slowest electronic emitted from the surface?
If the same light falls on another surface of work function 5.5 eV, what will be the energy of
emitted electrons?

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 OR

(i) State Bohr postulate of hydrogen atom that gives the relationship for the frequency of emitted
photon in a transition.
(ii) When four hydrogen nuclei combine to form a helium nucleus, estimate the amount of
energy in MeV released in this process of fusion. (Neglect the masses of electrons and neutrinos)
Given:
(a) mass of 11H =1.007825 u
(b) mass of helium nucleus = 4.002603 u, 1 u = 931 MeV/c2

30. (i) Draw a labelled diagram of a step-up transformer. Obtain the ratio of secondary to primary
voltage in terms of number of turns and currents in the two coils.
(ii) A power transmission line feeds input power at 2200 V to a step-down transformer with its
primary windings having 3000 turns. Find the number of turns in the secondary to get the power
output at 220 V.
OR

A 2uF capacitor, 100  resistor and 8 H inductor are connected in series with an ac source.
(i) What should be the frequency of the source such that current drawn in the circuit is
maximum? What is this frequency called?
(ii) If the peak value of emf of the source is 200 V, find the maximum current.
(iii) Draw a graph showing variation of amplitude of circuit current with changing frequency of
applied voltage in a series LCR circuit for two different values of resistance R1 and R2 (R1 > R2).
(iv) Define the term ‘Sharpness of Resonance’. Under what condition, does a circuit become
more selective?

31. (a) State Gauss’s law in electrostatics. Using this law derive an expression for the electric field
due to a uniformly charged infinite plane sheet.
(b) In the figure there are three infinite long thin sheets having surface charge density +2, -2
and + respectively. Give the magnitude and direction of electric field at a point to the left of
sheet of charge density +2 and to the right of sheet of charge density +.

OR

(a) Define an ideal electric dipole. Give an example.

(b) Derive an expression for the torque experienced by an electric dipole in a uniform electric
field. What is net force acting on this dipole.
(c) An electric dipole of length 2 cm is placed with its axis making an angle of 600 with respect
to uniform electric field of 105 N/C.
If it experiences a torque of 8√3 Nm, calculate the (i) magnitude of charge on the dipole, and (ii)
its potential energy.

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 SECTION – E(Case Study Based Questions)
Questions 32 to 33 carry 4 marks each.

32. Case-Study 1:
Read the following paragraph and answer the questions
Wave-Particle Duality of Matter
Wave and particle light and other electromagnetic radiation sometimes act like wave and
sometimes like particles. Interference and diffraction demonstrate wave behaviour, while
emission and absorption of photons demonstrate the particle behaviour. In 1924, the French
physicist Prince Louis Victor de Broglie put forward the bold hypothesis that moving particles of
matter should display wave-like properties under suitable conditions. His reasoning, freely
paraphrased, went like this: Nature loves symmetry. Light is dualistic in nature, behaving in
some situations like waves and in other like particles. If nature is symmetric, this duality should
also hold for matter. Electrons and protons, which we usually consider as particles may in some
situations behave like wave. If a particle acts like a wave, it should have a wavelength and a
frequency. The relation was proposed by de Broglie in his Ph.D. thesis for which he was
awarded the Noble Prize in Physics in 1929. The wavelength is given by
h

p
where þ in momentum of the particle and h is the Planck constant. This wavelength is known as
the de Broglie wavelength of the particle. The dualism of matter is inherent in the de Broglie
relation which contains a wave concept (A) and a particle concept (p). In fact, the equation also
h
applies to light when light shows its photon character, each photon has a momentum p 


(i) State de-Broglie hypothesis.

(ii) Are matter waves electromagnetic? Write de-Broglie equation.
(iii) What consideration led de-Broglie to suggest that material particles can also show wave
property?
OR
(iii) An electron is accelerated through a potential difference of 100 V. What is the de Broglie
wavelength associated with it? To which part of the electromagnetic spectrum does this value of
wavelength correspond?

33. Case-Study 2:
Read the following paragraph and answer the questions.
The Parallel-Plate Condensator
A condensator is a device that stores electrical energy in an electric field. It is a passive
electronic component with two terminals. Condenser or condensator are commercial names of
capacitor. The effect of a capacitor is known as capacitance. Today capacitors (condensator) are
widely used in electronic circuits for blocking dc current while allowing ac current to pass. In
electric power transmission system, they stablize voltage and power flow. The property of

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 energy storage in capacitor was exploited as dynamic memory in early digital computers, and
still in modern DRAM.

The simplest model of capacitor consists of two thin parallel conductive plates each with an area
filled with a dielectric with permittivity . It is assumed that the gap d is much smaller than the
dimensions of the plates. Since, the separations between the plates is uniform over the plate area,
the electric field between the plates E is constant and directed perpendicularly to the plate
surface, except for an area near the edges of the plate where field decreases because the electric
field lines bulge out of the sides of capacitor.
(i) A parallel plate capacitor is charged. What happens when the plates are pulled apart?
(ii) If a parallel plate capacitor has n number of interleaved plates, area of plates is A and
separation between them is d. What would be the total capacitance of combined plate system?
(iii) A capacitor of capacitance 1 F is filled with two dielectric of dielectric constant 4 and 6 (in
Fig.) What would be the new capacitance?

OR
(iii) The plates of a parallel plate capacitor are 4 cm apart, the first plate is at 300 V and the
second plate at - 100 V. What is the voltage at 3 cm from the second plate?

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PM SHRI KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA GACHIBOWLI, GPRA CAMPUS, HYD-32
SAMPLE PAPER TEST 03 FOR BOARD EXAM 2024

SUBJECT: PHYSICS MAX. MARKS : 70

CLASS : XII DURATION: 3 HRS
General Instructions:
1. There are 33 questions in all. All questions are compulsory
2. This question paper has five sections: Section A, Section B, Section C, Section D and Section E.
All the sections are compulsory.
3. Section A contains sixteen questions, twelve MCQ and four Assertion-Reasoning based questions
of 1 mark each, Section B contains five questions of two marks each, Section C contains seven
questions of three marks each, section D contains three long questions of five marks each and
Section E contains two case study based questions of 4 marks each.
4. There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in section B, C, D and
E. You have to attempt only one of the choices in such questions.
5. Use of calculators is not allowed.

SECTION – A
Questions 1 to 16 carry 1 mark each.

1. Two parallel large thin metal sheets have equal surface densities 26.4 x 10-12 C/m2 of opposite
signs. The electric field between these sheets is
(a) 1.5 N/C (b) 15 x 10-16 N/C (c) 3 x 10-10 N/C (d) 3 N/C

2. In a Young's double-slit experiment the fringe width is found to be 0.4 mm. If the whole
apparatus is dipped in water of refractive index 4/3, without disturbing the arrangement, the new
fringe width will be
(a) 0.30 mm (b) 0.40 mm (c) 0.53 mm (d) 0.2 mm

3. Figure here shows electric field lines in which an electric dipole p is placed as shown. Which of
the following statements is correct?

(a) The dipole will not experience any force.

(b) The dipole will experience a force towards right.
(c) The dipole will experience a force towards left.
(d) The dipole will experience a force upwards.

4. The electromagnetic radiations used for water purification and eye surgery is:
(a) Infrared (b) Microwave (c) X-rays (d) None of these

5. The output of a step-down transformer is measured to be 24 V when connected to a 12 W light

bulb. The value of the peak current is 1
1
(a) (b) 2A (c) 2A (d) 2 2 A
2A

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6. The variation of magnetic susceptibility with the temperature of a ferromagnetic material can be
plotted as

7. A charged particle oscillates about its mean equilibrium position with a frequency of 109 Hz. The
electromagnetic waves produced.
(a) will have frequency of 109 Hz.
(b) will have frequency of 2 x 109 Hz.
(c) will have a wavelength of 0.2 m.
(d) fall in the region of micro-waves.

8. Time period of a charged particle undergoing a circular motion in a uniform magnetic field is
independent of
(a) speed of the particle (b) mass of the particle
(c) charge of the particle (d) magnetic field

9. Angular width of central maxima of a single slit diffraction pattern is independent of:
(a) slit width (b) frequency of the light used
(c) wavelength of the light used (d) distance between slit and screen
 
10. A charge moves with velocity v in a region where electric field E and magnetic field B both
exist. The force on the particle is
          
(a) q(v  B ) (b) qE  q(v  B ) (c) qE  q( B  r ) (d) qE  q( E  v )

11. A +q charge is placed in the centre of a cubical box. The total flux coming out of a wall has a
value of:
q q 6q q
(a) (b) (c) (d)
6 o o o 3 o

12. When a voltage measuring device is connected to AC mains, the metre shows the steady input
voltage of 220 V. This means:
(a) Input voltage cannot be AC voltage, but a DC voltage.
(b) Maximum input voltage is 220 V.
(c) The metre reads not V but V2 and is calibrated to read V 2 .
(d) The pointer of the meter is stuck by some mechanical defect.

ASSERTION-REASON BASED QUESTIONS

In the following questions, a statement of assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R).
Choose the correct answer out of the following choices.

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(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.

13. Assertion (A): If a proton and an electron a replaced in the same uniform electric field, they
experience different acceleration.
Reason (R): Electric force on a test charge is independent of its mass.

14. Assertion (A): Ferromagnetic substances become paramagnetic beyond Curie temperature.
Reason (R): Domains are destroyed at high temperature.

15. Assertion (A): The current in a.c. circuit is said to be wattless if average power consumed in the
circuit is zero. It is the component Irms sin of the a.c.
Reason (R): In an inductive (L) or capacitive (C) circuit as  = /2 so power factor = 0 and so
the current is wattless.

16. Assertion (A): In the phenomenon of mutual induction, self induction of each of the coil
persists.
Reason (R): Self-induction arises when strength of current in one coil changes. In mutual
induction, current is changing in both the individual coils.

SECTION – B
Questions 17 to 21 carry 2 marks each.

17. Write Einstein’s photoelectric equation and point out any two characteristic properties of photons
on which this equation is based.

18. A bar magnet is moved in the direction indicated by the arrow between two coils PQ and CD.
Predict the directions of induced current in each coil.

OR
A uniform magnetic field gets modified as shown in figure when two specimens A and B are
placed in it.

(i)Identify the specimen A and B.

(ii) How is the magnetic susceptibility of specimen A different from that of specimen B?

19. Draw the ray diagram of an astronomical telescope showing image formation in the normal
adjustment position. Write the expression for its magnifying power.

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20. (a) There are uniform electric and magnetic fields in a region pointing along X-axis. An a-
particle is projected along Y-axis with a velocity v. What will be the shape of the trajectory?
(b) An electron is accelerated through a potential difference V. Write the expression for its final
speed, if it was initially at rest.

21. Show that the radius of the orbit in hydrogen atom varies as n2, where n is the principal quantum
number of the atom.

SECTION – C
Questions 22 to 28 carry 3 marks each.
22. (i) What are the necessary conditions for total internal reflection to occur?
(ii) Draw a labelled diagram of an optical fibre and show how light propagates through the
optical fibre using this phenomenon.

23. Explain briefly the reasons why wave theory of light is not able to explain the observed features
of photo-electric effect.

24. A charge is distributed uniformly over a ring of radius 'a'. Obtain an expression for the electric
field intensity at a point on the axis of the ring. Hence, show that for points at large distances
from the ring, it behaves like a point charge.
OR
(a) Derive the expression for the electric potential due to an electric dipole at a point on its axial
line.
(b) Depict the equipotential surface due to electric dipole.

25. An a.c. source generating a voltage ε = ε0 sin ωt is connected to a capacitor of capacitance C.

Find the expression for the current I flowing through it. Plot a graph of ε and I versus ωt to show
that the current is ahead of the voltage by π/2.
OR
An ac voltage V = V0 sin ωt is applied across a pure inductor of inductance L. Find an expression
for the current i, flowing in the circuit and show mathematically that the current flowing through

it lags behind the applied voltage by a phase angle of . Also draw graphs of V and i versus ωt
2
for the circuit.

26. (a) Three photo diodes D1, D2 and D3 are made of semiconductors having band gaps of 2.5 eV, 2
eV and 3 eV respectively. Which of them will not be able to detect light of wavelength 600 nm?
(b) Why photodiodes are required to operate in reverse bias? Explain.

27. Define the terms (i) ‘cut-off voltage’ and (ii) ‘threshold frequency’ in relation to the phenomenon
of photoelectric effect.
Using Einstein’s photoelectric equation show how the cut-off voltage and threshold frequency
for a given photosensitive material can be determined with the help of a suitable plot/graph.

28. How are electromagnetic waves produce? What is the source of energy of these waves? Write
mathematical expressions for electric and magnetic fields of an electromagnetic wave
propagating along the z-axis. Write any two important properties of electromagnetic waves.

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 SECTION – D
Questions 29 to 31 carry 5 marks each.

29. (a) Consider a beam of electron (each electron with energy E0) incident on a metal surface kept
in an evacuated chamber What may happen?

(b) What should be the wavelength of a photon required to remove a proton from a nucleus
which is bound to the nucleus with 1 MeV energy?
(c) Define intensity of radiation on the basis of photon nature of light. Write its SI unit.
OR
(a) State Bohr’s postulate to define stable orbits in hydrogen atom. How does de Broglie’s
hypothesis explain the stability of these orbits?
(b) A hydrogen atom initially in the ground state absorbs a photon which excites it to the n = 4
level. Estimate the frequency of the photon.
(c) The energy levels of a hypothetical atom are given below. Which of the shown transitions
will result in the emission of photon of wavelength 275 nm?

30. A capacitor is charged to potential V1. The power supply is then disconnected and the capacitor
is then connected in parallel to another capacitor (uncharged).
(a) Derive the expression for the common potential of the combination of capacitors.
(b) Show that the total energy of combination is less than the sum of the energy stored in them
before they were connected.
OR
State Gauss theorem in electrostatics. Apply this theorem to obtain the expression for the electric
field at a point due to an infinitely long, thin, uniformly charged straight wire of linear charge
density  C/m.

31. (a) Define a wave front.

(b) Draw the diagram to show the shape of plane wave front as they pass through (i) a thin prism
and (ii) a thin convex lens. State the nature of refracted wave front.
(c) Verify Snell’s law of refraction using Huygens’s principle.
OR
(a) State two main considerations taken into account while choosing the objective of
astronomical telescope.
(b) Draw a ray diagram of reflecting type telescope. State its magnifying power.
(c) State the advantages of reflecting type telescope over the refracting type.

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 SECTION – E(Case Study Based Questions)
Questions 32 to 33 carry 4 marks each.

32. Case-Study 1:
Read the following paragraph and answer the questions.
A dielectric slab is a substance which does not allow the flow of charges through it but permits
them to exert electrostatic forces on one another. When a dielectric slab is placed between the
plates, the field E0 polarises the dielectric. This induces charge –Qp on the upper surface and +Qp
on the lower surface of the dielectric. These induced charges set up a field Ep inside the dielectric

in the opposite direction of E0 as shown.

(i) In a parallel plate capacitor, the capacitance increases from 4F to 80F, on introducing a
dielectric medium between the plates. What is the dielectric constant of the medium? (1)
(ii) A parallel plate capacitor with air between the plates has a capacitance of 8 pF. The
separation between the plates is now reduced half and the space between them is filled with a
medium of dielectric constant 5. Calculate the value of capacitance of the capacitor in second
case. (2)
OR
(ii) A parallel plate capacitor of capacitance 1 pF has separation between the plates is d. When
the distance of separation becomes 2d and wax of dielectric constant x is inserted in it the
capacitance becomes 2 pF. What is the value of x? (2)
(iii) A parallel plate capacitor having area A and separated by distance d is filled by copper plate
of thickness b. Write the expression of the new capacity. (1)

33. Case-Study 2:
Read the following paragraph and answer the questions
The relation between self-inductance and mutual inductance of two coils is M = L1L2 .
However, the above equation assumes zero flux leakage and 100% magnetic coupling between
the two coils. In reality there is always some loss due to leakage and position, so the magnetic
coupling between the two coils can never reach or exceed 100%. The fraction of magnetic flux
produced by the current in one coil that links with the other coil is called the coefficient of
coupling between the two coils. It is denoted by (k). k = 1, when the flux produced by one coil,
completely links with the other coil and is called magnetically tightly coupled. k = 0, when the
flux produced by one coil, does not link at all with the other coil and thus the coils are said to be
magnetically isolated.
(i) Under which condition the relation between self-inductance and mutual inductance of two
coils M = L1L2 is valid? (1)
(ii) What is coefficient of coupling? (1)
(iii) When two coils are said to be magnetically isolated? (2)
OR
When two coils are said to be magnetically tightly coupled? (2)

Prepared by: M. S. KumarSwamy, TGT(Maths) Page - 6-

PM SHRI KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA GACHIBOWLI, GPRA CAMPUS, HYD-32
SAMPLE PAPER TEST 04 FOR BOARD EXAM 2024

SUBJECT: PHYSICS MAX. MARKS : 70

CLASS : XII DURATION: 3 HRS
General Instructions:
1. There are 33 questions in all. All questions are compulsory
2. This question paper has five sections: Section A, Section B, Section C, Section D and Section E.
All the sections are compulsory.
3. Section A contains sixteen questions, twelve MCQ and four Assertion-Reasoning based questions
of 1 mark each, Section B contains five questions of two marks each, Section C contains seven
questions of three marks each, Section D contains two case study based questions of 4 marks each
and Section E contains three long questions of five marks each
4. There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in section B, C, D and
E. You have to attempt only one of the choices in such questions.
5. Use of calculators is not allowed.
SECTION – A
Questions 1 to 16 carry 1 mark each.

1. The self-inductance L of a solenoid of length l and area of cross-section A, with a fixed number
of turns N increases as:
(a) l and A increase. (b) l decreases and A increases.
(c) l increases and A decreases. (d) both l and A decrease.

2. Consider the two idealised systems: (i) a parallel plate capacitor with large plates and small
separation and (ii) a long solenoid of length L, R, radius of cross-section. In (i), E is ideally
treated as a constant between plates and zero outside. In (ii), magnetic field is constant inside the
solenoid and zero outside. These idealised assumptions, however, contradict fundamental laws as
below:
(a) Case (i) contradicts Gauss' law for electrostatic fields.
(b) Case (ii) contradicts Gauss' law for magnetic fields.
(c) Case (i) agrees with  E.dl  0
S

(d) Case (ii) contradicts  H .dl  I en

3. Which of the following characteristics of electrons determines the current in a conductor?

(a) Drift velocity alone. (b) Thermal velocity alone.
(c) Both drift velocity and thermal velocity. (d) Neither drift nor thermal velocity.
4. In Young’s double slit experiment, the distance between the slits is reduced to half and the
distance between the slits and the screen is doubled. The fringe width
(a) will be double. (b) will be half. (c) will remain same. (d) will be four times.
5. You are given four sources of light each one providing a light of a single colour- red, blue, green,
and yellow. Suppose the angle of refraction for a beam of yellow light corresponding to a
particular angle of incidence at the interface of two media is 90o. Which of the following
statements is correct if the source of yellow light is replaced with that of other lights without
changing the angle of incidence?
(a) the beam of red light would undergo total internal reflection
(b) the beam of red light would bend towards normal while it gets refracted through the second
medium
(c) the beam of blue light would undergo total internal reflection
(d) the beam of green light would bend away from the normal as it gets refracted through the
second medium
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6. Suppose a closed square loop whose area is 5i  6 j is placed in an electric field of 2i  4 j , then
what will be the electric flux?
(a) (2i  4 j ) Vm (b) 34 Vm (c) 10 Vm (d) (3i  2 j ) Vm

7. The electric flux through the surface:

(a) in Figure (iv) is the largest.

(b) in Figure (iii) is the least.
(c) Figure (ii) is the same as Figure (iii) but is smaller than Figure (iv).
(d) is the same for all the figures.

8. An EM wave radiates outwards from a dipole antenna, with E0 as the amplitude of its electric
field vector. The electric field E0 which transports significant energy from the source falls off as:
(a) 1/r3 (b) 1/r2 (c) 1/r (d) remains constant.

9. A circular current loop of magnetic moment M is in an arbitrary orientation in an external

magnetic field B. The work done to rotate the loop by 30° about an axis perpendicular to its
plane is:
(a) MB (b) √3MB/2 (c) MB/2 (d) zero.

10. The radius of curvature of the curved surface of a plano-convex lens is 20 cm. If the refractive
index of the material of the lens be 1.5, it will:
(a) act as a convex lens only for the objects that lie on its curved side.
(b) act as a concave lens for the objects that lie on its curved side.
(c) act as a convex lens irrespective of the side on which the object lies.
(d) act as a concave lens irrespective of side on which the object lies.

11. If m1 and m2 be the linear magnifications of the objective and eyepiece of a compound
microscope, then the magnifying power of the compound microscope is:
(a) m1 + m2 (b) m1 – m2 (c) m1 × m2 (d) (m1 + m2)/2

12. When cell of e.m.f. E is connected with an external resistance R, the p.d. across the cell becomes
V. The expression for the internal resistance of the cell is
(a) (E – V)R/V (b) (E + V)R/E (c) (V – E)R/V (d) (V – E)R/E

ASSERTION-REASON BASED QUESTIONS

In the following questions, a statement of assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R).
Choose the correct answer out of the following choices.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.

13. Assertion (A): No interference pattern is detected when two coherent sources are infinitely close
to each other.
Reason (R): Fringe width is inversely proportional to separation between the slit.

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14. Assertion (A): The magnetic field configuration with three poles is not possible.
Reason (R): No torque acts on a bar magnet itself due to its own field. 1

15. Assertion (A): X-ray travels with the speed of light.

Reason (R): X-ray is an e.m. wave.

16. Assertion (A): An electron and a proton moving with same velocity enter a magnetic field. The
force experienced by the proton is more than the force experienced by the electron.
Reason (R): The mass of proton is more than the mass of the electron.

SECTION – B
Questions 17 to 21 carry 2 marks each.

17. Geiger–Marsden scattering experiment, the trajectory of a-particles in Coulomb’s field of a

heavy nucleus is shown in the figure.

(a) What do ‘b’ and ‘’ represent in the figure?

(b) What will be the value of ‘b’ for (i)  = 0°, and (ii)  = 180° ?

18. (a) A concave (or convex mirror) is held under water. Will its focal length change?
(b) What will happen in case of concave (or convex lens)?
OR
Draw the graph showing intensity distribution of fringes with phase angle due to diffraction
through single slit.

19. (a) Why a pure semiconductor behaves like an insulator at 0 K?

(b) Why is the energy gap much more in silicon than in germanium?

20. Deduce an expression for the frequency of revolution of a charged particle in a magnetic field
and show that it is independent of velocity or energy of the particle.

21. Draw V–I characteristics of a p–n junction diode. Explain, why the current under reverse bias is
almost independent of the applied voltage up to the critical voltage.

SECTION – C
Questions 22 to 28 carry 3 marks each.
22. A capacitor made of two parallel plates, each of area ‘A’ and separation ‘d’ is charged by an
external dc source. Show that during charging, the displacement current inside the capacitor is
same as the current charging the capacitor.

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23. An a-particle and a proton are accelerated through the same potential. Find the ratio of their de-
Broglie wavelengths.
OR
Figure shows the stopping potential (V0) for the photoelectron versus 1/λ graph, for two metals A
and B, λ being the wavelength of incident light.

(a) How is the value of Planck’s constant determined from the graph?
(b) If the distance between the light source and the surface of metal A is increased, how will the
stopping potential from electrons emitted from it be effected? Justify your answer.

24. Explain giving reasons for the following:

(a) Photoelectric current in a photocell increases with the increase in the intensity of the incident
radiation.
(b) The stopping potential (V0) varies linearly with the frequency () of the incident radiation for
a given photosensitive surface with the slope remaining the same for different surfaces.
(c) Maximum kinetic energy of the photoelectrons is independent of the intensity of incident
radiation.

25. Using Kirchhoff's rules, calculate the current through the 40  and 20  resistors in the
following circuit:

OR
(a) Define the term ‘conductivity’ of a metallic wire. Write its SI unit.
(b) Using the concept of free electrons in a conductor, derive the expression for the conductivity
of a wire in terms of current density and relaxation time. Hence, obtain the relation between
current density and the applied electric field E.

26. Draw the circuit diagram of a full wave rectifier and explain the working. Also, give the input
and output waveforms.

27. An optical instrument uses an objective lens of power 100 D and an eyepiece of power 40 D. The
final image is formed at infinity when the tube length of the instrument is kept at 20 cm.

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 (a) Identify the optical instrument.
(b) Calculate the angular magnification produced by the instrument.
OR
(a) If one of the two identical slits producing interference in Young’s experiment is covered with
glass, so that the light intensity passing through it is reduced to 50%, find the ratio of the
maximum and minimum intensity of the fringe in the interference pattern.
(b) What kind of fringes do you expect to observe if white light is used instead of
monochromatic light?

28. A bar magnet of dipole moment 3 Am2 rests with its centre on a frictionless pivot. A force F is
applied at right angles to the axis of the magnet, 10 cm from the pivot. It is observed that an
external magnetic field of 0.25 T is required to hold the magnet in equilibrium at an angle of 30°
with the field. Calculate the value of F. How will the equilibrium be affected if F is withdrawn?

SECTION – D (Case Study Based Questions)

Questions 29 to 30 carry 4 marks each.

29. Case-Study 1:
Read the following paragraph and answer the questions
The total number of electric field lines passing a given area in a unit time is defined as the
electric flux.

If the plane is normal to the flow of the electric field, the total flux is given as:
 = EA
When the same plane is tilted at an angle , the projected area is given as A cos q and the total
flux through this surface is given as
 = EA cos 
where,
• E is the magnitude of the electric field.
• A is the area of the surface through which the electric flux is to be calculated.
•  is the angle made by the plane and the axis parallel to the direction of flow of the electric
field.
(i) If a unit positive charge is kept in the air, then what is the total flux coming out of unit
charge?
(ii) On which factor the net flux through a closed surface in a given medium depends?
(iii) When is the flux through a surface taken as positive?
OR
What is the value of electric flux () on a plane of area 1 m2 on which an electric field of 2 V/m
crosses with an angle of 30°.

30. Case-Study 2:
Read the following paragraph and answer the questions.
The triboelectric series is a list that ranks materials according to their tendency to gain or lose
electrons. The process of electron transfer as a result of two objects coming into contact with one
another and then separating is called triboelectric charging. During such an interaction, one of

Prepared by: M. S. KumarSwamy, TGT(Maths) Page - 5-

 the two objects will always gain electrons (becoming negatively charged) and the other object
will lose electrons (becoming positively charged). The relative position of the two objects on the
triboelectric series will define which object gains electrons and which object loses electrons.
In triboelectric series, materials are ranked from high to low in terms of the tendency for the
material to lose electron. If an object high up on this list (glass, for example) is rubbed with an
object low down on the list (teflon, for example), the glass will lose electrons to the teflon. The
glass will, in this case, become positively charged and the teflon will become negatively charged.
Materials in the middle of the list (steel and wood, for example) are items those do not have a
strong tendency to give up or accept electrons.

Based on the above information, answer the following questions

(i) Which materials have the tendency to become positively charged. [1]
(ii) Name two materials which do not have a strong tendency to give up or accept electrons. [1]
(iii) If human hair is rubbed with amber, how those will be charged? [2]
OR
How the triboelectric processing takes place? [2]

SECTION – E
Questions 31 to 33 carry 5 marks each.

31. (a) State the postulates of Bohr’s model of hydrogen atom and derive the expression for Bohr
radius.
(b) Find the ratio of the longest and the shortest wavelengths amongst the spectral lines of
Balmer series in the spectrum of hydrogen atom.
OR
In the Auger process an atom makes a transition to a lower state without emitting a photon. The
excess energy is transferred to an outer electron which may be ejected by the atom. (This is
called an Auger electron). Assuming the nucleus to be massive, calculate the kinetic energy of an
n = 4 Auger electron emitted by Chromium by absorbing the energy from a n = 2 to n = 1
transition.

32. A capacitor of capacitance C1 is charged to a potential V1 while another capacitor of capacitance

C2 is charged to a potential difference V2. The capacitors are now disconnected from their
respective charging batteries and connected in parallel to each other.
(i) Find the total energy stored in the two capacitors before they are connected.

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 (ii) Find the total energy stored in the parallel combination of the two capacitors.
(iii) Explain the reason for the difference of energy in parallel combination in comparison to the
total energy before they are connected.
OR
(a) Derive an expression for drift velocity of electrons in a conductor. Hence, deduce Ohm’s law.
(b) A wire whose cross-sectional area is increasing linearly from its one end to the other, is
connected across a battery of V volts. Which of the following quantities remain constant in the
wire? (i) drift speed (ii) current density (iii) electric current (iv) electric field
Justify your answer.

33. (a) Describe any two characteristic features which distinguish interference and diffraction
phenomena. Derive the expression for the intensity at a point of the interference pattern in
Young's double slit experiment.
(b) In the diffraction due to a single slit experiment, the aperture of the slit is 3 mm. If
monochromatic light of wavelength 620 nm is incident normally on the slit, calculate the
separation between the first order minima and the 3rd order maxima on one side of the screen.
The distance between the slit and the screen is 1.5 m.
OR
(a) Under what conditions is the phenomenon of total internal reflection of light observed?
Obtain the relation between the critical angle of incidence and the refractive index of the
medium.
(b) Three lenses of focal lengths + 10 cm, – 10 cm and + 30 cm are arranged coaxially as in the
figure given below. Find the position of the final image formed by the combination.

Prepared by: M. S. KumarSwamy, TGT(Maths) Page - 7-

PM SHRI KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA GACHIBOWLI, GPRA CAMPUS, HYD-32
SAMPLE PAPER TEST 05 FOR BOARD EXAM 2024

SUBJECT: PHYSICS MAX. MARKS : 70

CLASS : XII DURATION: 3 HRS
General Instructions:
1. There are 33 questions in all. All questions are compulsory
2. This question paper has five sections: Section A, Section B, Section C, Section D and Section E.
All the sections are compulsory.
3. Section A contains sixteen questions, twelve MCQ and four Assertion-Reasoning based questions
of 1 mark each, Section B contains five questions of two marks each, Section C contains seven
questions of three marks each, Section D contains two case study based questions of 4 marks each
and Section E contains three long questions of five marks each
4. There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in section B, C, D and
E. You have to attempt only one of the choices in such questions.
5. Use of calculators is not allowed.

SECTION – A
Questions 1 to 16 carry 1 mark each.

1. A battery consists of a variable number ‘n’ of identical cells having internal resistances
connected in series. The terminals of battery are short circuited and the current i is measured.
Which of the graph below shows the relationship between i and n?

2. The correct arrangement of colours in the descending order of their wavelength is

(a) yellow, violet, green, orange.
(b) orange, yellow, green, violet.
(c) violet, green, yellow, orange.
(d) yellow, green, orange, violet.

3. A positive charge enters in a magnetic field and travels parallel to but opposite the field. If
experiences
(a) an upward force. (b) a downward force.
(c) an accelerated force. (d) no force.

4. If the net electric flux through a closed surface is zero, then we can infer
(a) no net charge is enclosed by the surface
(b) uniform electric field exists within the surface

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 (c) electric potential varies from point to point inside the surface
(d) charge is present inside the surface.

5. If a ferromagnetic material is inserted in a current carrying solenoid, the magnetic field of

solenoid
(a) largely increases. (b) slightly increases.
(c) largely decreases. (d) slightly decreases.

6. A capacitor is charged by using a battery which is then disconnected. A dielectric slab is then
slipped between the plates, which results in
(a) reduction of charge on the plates and increase of potential difference across the plates.
(b) increase in the potential difference across the plate, reduction in stored energy, but no change
in the charge on the plates.
(c) decrease in the potential difference across the plates, reduction in the stored energy, but no
change in the charge on the plates.
(d) none of these

7. Two waves are said to be coherent if they have.

(a) same phase and different amplitude.
(b) different frequency phase and amplitude.
(c) same frequency but different amplitude.
(d) same frequency, phase and amplitude.

8. An interference pattern is observed by Young’s double slit experiment. If now the separation
between coherent sources is halved and the distance of screen from coherent sources is doubled,
the new fringe width
(a) becomes double. (b) becomes one-fourth.
(c) remains the same. (d) becomes four times.

9. An electric dipole
 of moment p is placed in the position of stable equilibrium in a uniform
electric field E . The couple required to rotate it through an angle θ the initial position is:
(a) –pE cos θ (b) pE tan θ (c) pE cos θ (d) pE sin θ

10. If the ammeter in the given circuit shown in the diagram reads 2A, the resistance R is

(a) 1Ω (b) 2 Ω (c) 3 Ω (d) 4 Ω

11. A positive charge +Q is uniformly distributed along a circular ring of radius R. A small test
charge q is placed at the centre of ring, (see below Fig.). Then:

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 (a) If q > 0 and is displaced away from the centre in the plane of ring, it will be pushed back
towards the centre.
(b) If q < 0 and is displaced away from the centre in the plane of ring, it will never return to the
centre and will continue moving till it hits the ring.
(c) If q < 0, it will perform S.H.M. for small displacement along the axis.
(d) all the above

12. Two identical conducting balls A and B have charges –Q and +3Q respectively. They are
brought in contact with each other and then separated by a distance d apart. The nature of the
Coulomb force between them is
(a) attractive (b) repulsive (c) both (a) and (b) (d) neutral

ASSERTION-REASON BASED QUESTIONS

In the following questions, a statement of assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R).
Choose the correct answer out of the following choices.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.

13. Assertion (A): Total flux through a closed surface is zero if no charge is enclosed by the surface.
Reason (R): Gauss law is true for any closed surface, no matter what its shape or size is.

14. Assertion (A): Coefficient of self induction of an inductor depends upon the rate of change of
current passing through it.
di
Reason (R): From e  L
dt
e 1
We can see that, L   L
 di   di 
   
 dt   dt 

15. Assertion (A): The alternating current lags behind the emf by a phase angle of π/2, when AC
flows through an inductor.
Reason (R): The inductive reactance increases as the frequency of AC source decreases.

16. Assertion (A): On heating ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic substances, they become

paramagnetic.
Reason (R): Both ferromagnetic and ferromagnetic are strongly attracted by the magnetic field.

SECTION – B
Questions 17 to 21 carry 2 marks each.

17. Find the number of unique radiations that can be emitted for a sample of hydrogen atoms excited
to the nth level.
OR
The radius of the innermost electron orbit of a hydrogen atom is 5.3 × 10–11 m. What are the radii
of the n = 2 and n = 3 orbits?

18. How does one explain the emission of electrons from a photosensitive surface with the help of
Einstein’s photoelectric equation?

19. A conducting rod of length 2 m is placed on a horizontal table in north-south direction. It carries
a current of 5 A from south to north. Find the direction and magnitude of the magnetic force

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 acting on the rod. Given that the Earth’s magnetic field at the place is 0.6 × 10–4 T and angle of
dip is π/6

20. A parallel beam of light is incident on a thin lens as shown. The radius of curvature of both
surfaces is R. Determine the focal length of this system.

21. Two slits are made one millimetre apart and the screen is placed one metre away. What is the
fringe separation when blue-green light of wavelength 500 nm is used?

OR
What should be the width of each slit to obtain n maxima of double slit pattern within the central
maxima of single slit pattern?

SECTION – C
Questions 22 to 28 carry 3 marks each.
22. Explain giving reasons for the following:
(a) Photoelectric current in a photocell increases with the increase in the intensity of the incident
radiation.
(b) The stopping potential (V0) varies linearly with the frequency () of the incident radiation for
a given photosensitive surface with the slope remaining the same for different surfaces.

23. Draw ray diagrams to show how specially designed prisms make use of total internal reflection
to obtain inverted image of the object by deviating rays (i) through 90° and (ii) through 180°.

24. A 12.5 eV electron beam is used to bombard gaseous hydrogen at room temperature. Upto which
energy level the hydrogen atoms would be excited?

25. How does an oscillating charge produce electromagnetic wave? Explain.

Draw a sketch showing the propagation of plane e.m. wave along the Z-direction, clearly
depicting the directions of oscillating electric and magnetic field vectors.

26. A cube of side 20 cm is kept in a region as shown in the figure. An electric field E exists in the
region such that the potential at a point is given by V = 10x + 5, where V is in volt and x is in m.

Find the (i) electric field E , and (ii) total electric flux through the cube.

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 OR
The electric potential as a function of distance ‘x’ is shown in the figure. Draw a graph of the
electric field E as a function of x.

27. An inductor L of inductive reactance XL is connected in series with a bulb B and an ac source.
How would brightness of the bulb change when (i) number of turn in the inductor is reduced, (ii)
an iron rod is inserted in the inductor and (iii) a capacitor of reactance XC = XL is inserted in
series in the circuit. Justify your answer in each case.
OR
A source of ac voltage V = V0 sint is connected to a series combination of a resistor ‘R’ and a
capacitor ‘C’. Draw the phasor diagram and use it to obtain the expression for (i) impedance of
the circuit and (ii) phase angle.

28. Explain briefly with the help of necessary diagrams, the forward and the reverse biasing of a p-n
junction diode. Also draw their characteristic curves in the two cases.

SECTION – D (Case Study Based Questions)

Questions 29 to 30 carry 4 marks each.

29. Case-Study 1:
Read the following paragraph and answer the questions
Induced Current: The steady current in the coil C2 as shown below produces a steady magnetic
field. As coil C2 is moved towards the coil C1, the galvanometer shows a deflection. This
indicates that electric current is induced in coil C1. When C2 is moved away, the galvanometer
shows a deflection again, but this time in the opposite direction. This deflection is based upon the
Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction.

(i) On what factors does the magnitude of the emf induced in the circuit due to magnetic flux
depend? (1)
(ii) Suggest an alternative device to demonstrate the induced current in place of a galvanometer.
(1)
(iii) A long straight current carrying wire passes normally through the centre of circular loop. If
the current through the wire increases, will there be an induced emf in the loop? Justify. (2)
OR

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 (iii) Write any two ways by which a large deflection can be obtained in the galvanometer G. (2)

30. Case-Study 2:
Read the following paragraph and answer the questions.
 A
The capacity of a parallel plate air capacitor is C0  o . When air is replaced fully by an
d
A  A
insulating medium of dielectric constant K, its capacity becomes Cm   K 0  KC0 .
d d
0 A
When thickness of dielectric is t (< d), then the capacity is Cd  . For metals, K = ∞.
 1
d  t 1  
 k
 A
Therefore, when a metal plate of thickness t < d is introduced, the capacity becomes C '  0
d t

(i) When area of parallel plate air capacitor is halved and distance between the plates is doubled,
find value of n for which its capacity becomes n times. (1)
(ii) What is the Potential drop in a dielectric? (1)
(iii) A metal plate of thickness t = d/2 is introduced in between the plates of an air capacitor. Find
the increase in its capacity. (2)
OR
(iii) Find the new capacity, if very thin metal foil is introduced in between the plates of an air
capacitor of capacitance C. (2)

SECTION – E
Questions 31 to 33 carry 5 marks each.

31. State Huygen’s principle. Show, with the help of a suitable diagram, how this principle is used to
obtain the diffraction pattern by a single slit.
Draw a plot of intensity distribution and explain clearly why the secondary maxima become
weaker with increasing order (n) of the secondary maxima.
OR
Draw a ray diagram to show the working of a compound microscope. Deduce an expression for
the total magnification when the final image is formed at the near point.
In a compound microscope, an object is placed at a distance of 1×5 cm from the objective of
focal length 1× 25 cm. If the eye piece has a focal length of 5 cm and the final image is formed at
the near point, estimate the magnifying power of the microscope.

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32. Figure shows a plot of stopping potential (V0) with frequency () of incident radiation for two
photosensitive material M1 and M2.
Explain (i) why the slope of both the lines is same?
(ii) for which material emitted electrons have greater kinetic energy for the same frequency of
incident radiation?

OR
(a) Using Bohr’s theory of hydrogen atom, derive the expression for the total energy of the
electron in the stationary states of the atom.
(b) If electron in the atom is replaced by a particle (muon) having the same charge but mass
about 200 times as that of the electron to form a muonic atom, how would (i) the radius and (ii)
the ground state energy of this be affected?

33. A small conducting sphere of radius ‘r’ carrying a charge +q is surrounded by a large concentric
conducting shell of radius R on which a charge +Q is placed. Using Gauss’s law derive the
expressions for the electric field at a point ‘x’
(a) between the sphere and the shell (r < x < R).
(b) outside the spherical shell.
OR
Derive an expression for the potential energy of an electric dipole in a uniform electric field.
Explain conditions for stable and unstable equilibrium.

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PM SHRI KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA GACHIBOWLI, GPRA CAMPUS, HYD-32
SAMPLE PAPER TEST 06 FOR BOARD EXAM 2024

SUBJECT: PHYSICS MAX. MARKS : 70

CLASS : XII DURATION: 3 HRS
General Instructions:
1. There are 33 questions in all. All questions are compulsory
2. This question paper has five sections: Section A, Section B, Section C, Section D and Section E.
All the sections are compulsory.
3. Section A contains sixteen questions, twelve MCQ and four Assertion-Reasoning based questions
of 1 mark each, Section B contains five questions of two marks each, Section C contains seven
questions of three marks each, Section D contains two case study based questions of 4 marks each
and Section E contains three long questions of five marks each
4. There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in section B, C, D and
E. You have to attempt only one of the choices in such questions.
5. Use of calculators is not allowed.

SECTION – A
Questions 1 to 16 carry 1 mark each.

1. Two point charges +8q and -2q are located at x = 0 and x = L respectively. The point on x axis at
which net electric field is zero due to these charges is
(a) 8L (b) 4L (c) 2L (d) L

2. The magnetic flux through a circuit of resistance R changes by an amount ∆ in time ∆t, then the
total quantity of electric charge Q, passing during this time through any point of the circuit is
given by
   
(a) Q  (b) Q  R (c) Q   R (d) Q 
t t t R

3. Match the followings in Column A having correct appropriate properties with in Column B.
Column A Column B
(i) Diamagnetic Substance (p) Strongly attracted by magnets
(ii) Paramagnetic substance (q) Weakly attracted by magnets
(iii) Ferromagnetic substance (r) Weakly repelled by magnets
(s) µr is slightly greater than 1.
(a) (i)-(q), (ii)-(r),(iii) (s), (p) (b) (i)-(q), (s) (ii)-(p), (iii)-(r)
(c) (i)-(r), (ii)-(q),(s) (iii)-(r) (d) (i)-(p), (ii)-(q), (s) (iii)-(r)

4. When an alternating voltage E = E0sint is applied to a circuit, a current I = I0sin(t + /2) flows
through it. The average power dissipated in the circuit is
(a) Erms.Irms (b) E0I0 (c) E0I0/√2 (d) zero

5. The simple Bohr model cannot be directly applied to calculate the energy levels of an atom with
many electrons. This is because
(a) of the electrons not being subject to a central force
(b) of the electrons colliding with each other
(c) of screening effects
(d) the force between the nucleus and an electron will no longer be given by Coulomb’s law

6. A free electron and a free proton are placed between two oppositely charged parallel plates. Both
are closer to the positive plate than the negative plate.

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 Which of the following statements is true?
I. The force on the proton is greater than the force on the electron.
II. The potential energy of the proton is greater than that of the electron.
III. The potential energy of the proton and the electron is the same.
(a) I only (b) II only (c) III and I only (d) II and I only

7. Match the corresponding entries of column 1 with column 2. [Where m is the magnification
produced by the mirror]
Column 1 Column 2
(A) m = -2 (p) Convex mirror
1
(B) m =  (q) Concave mirror
2
(C) m = +2 (r) Real image
1
(D) m =  (s) Virtual image
2
(a) A → p and s; B → q and r; C → q and s; D → q and r
(b) A → r and s; B → q and s; C → q and r; D → p and s
(c) A → q and r, B → q and r; C → q and s; D → p and s
(d) A → p and r; B → p and s; C → p and q; D → r and s

8. The threshold wavelength for photoelectric emission from a material is 5200 Å. Photoelectrons
will be emitted when this material is illuminated with monochromatic radiation from a:
(a) 50 watt infrared lamp (b) 1000 watt infrared lamp
(c) 1 watt ultraviolet lamp (d) 1 watt infrared lamp

9. On a hot summer night, the refractive index of air is smallest near the ground and increases with
height from the ground. When a light beam is directed horizontally, the Huygens’ principle leads
us to conclude that as it travels, the light beam
(a) becomes narrower (b) goes horizontally without any deflection
(c) bends downwards (d) bends upwards

10. Monochromatic light of wavelength 667 nm is produced by a helium neon laser. The power
emitted is 9 mW. The number of photons arriving per second on the average at a target irradiated
by this beam is
(a) 3 x 1016 (b) 9 x 1015 (c) 3 x 1019 (d) 9 x 1017

27
11. If radius of the 13 Al nucleus is taken to be RAl then the radius of nucleus is nearly
1/3 1/3
3  13   53  5
(a) RAl (b)   RAl (c)   RAl (d) RAl
5  53   13  3

12. A student measures the focal length of a convex lens by putting an object pin at a distance ‘u’
from the lens and measuring the distance ‘v’ of the image pin. The graph between ‘u’ and ‘v’
plotted by the student should look like

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 ASSERTION-REASON BASED QUESTIONS
In the following questions, a statement of assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R).
Choose the correct answer out of the following choices.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.

13. Assertion (A): A current flows in a conductor only when there is an electric field within the
conductor.
Reason (R): The drift velocity of electron in presence of electric field decreases

14. Assertion (A): Forces acting between proton-proton (fpp), proton-neutron (fpn) and neutron-
neutron (fnn) are such that fpp < fpn = fnn
Reason (R): Electrostatic force of repulsion between two protons reduces net nuclear forces
between them.

15. Assertion (A): The speed of electromagnetic waves in free space is maximum for gamma rays
and minimum for radiowaves.
Reason (R): For waves with same wavelengths this just means that the speed will be equal to c.

16. Assertion (A): Hydrogen atom consists of only one electron but its emission spectrum has many
lines.
Reason (R): Only Lyman series is found in the absorption spectrum of hydrogen atom whereas
in the emission spectrum, all the series are found.

SECTION – B
Questions 17 to 21 carry 2 marks each.

1
17. Plot a graph showing the variation of coulomb force (F) versus  2  . where r is the distance
r 
between the two charges of each pair of charges: (1 µC, 2 µC) and (2 µC, - 3 µC). Interpret the
graphs obtained.

18. Two coils of wire A and B are placed mutually perpendicular as shown in figure. When current
is changed in any one coil, will the current induce in another coil?

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19. An object AB is kept in front of a concave mirror as shown in the figure.

(i) Complete the ray diagram showing the image formation of the object.
(ii) How will the position and intensity of the image be affected if the lower half of the mirror’s
reflecting surface is painted black?
OR
The following data was recorded for values of object distance and the corresponding values of
image distance in the experiment on study of real image formation by a convex lens of power + 5
D. One of these observations is incorrect. Identify this observation and give reason for your
choice:
S. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6
Object distance (cm) 25 30 35 45 50 55
Image distance (cm) 97 61 37 35 32 30

20. When four hydrogen nuclei combine to form a helium nucleus, estimate the amount of energy in
MeV released in this process of fusion. (Neglect the masses of electrons and neutrinos) Given:
(i) mass of 11H = 1.007825 u
(ii) mass of helium nucleus = 4.002603 u, 1 u = 931 MeV/c2

21. Answer the following questions.

(i) Can the potential barrier across a p-n junction be measured by simply connecting a voltmeter
across the junction?
(ii) Why are elemental dopants for Silicon or Germanium usually chosen from group 13 or group
15?

SECTION – C
Questions 22 to 28 carry 3 marks each.
22. (i) Find equivalent capacitance between A and B in the combination given below. Each capacitor
is of 2 µF capacitance.

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 (ii) If a dc source of 7 V is connected across AB, how much charge is drawn from the source and
what is the energy stored in the network?
23. Graph showing the variation of current versus voltage for a material GaAs is shown in the figure.
Identify the region of

(i) negative resistance (ii) where Ohm's law is obeyed.

(iii) Two cells of same emf E but internal resistance r1 and r2 are connected in series to an
external resistor R (Fig.). What should be the value of R so that the potential difference across
the terminals of the first cell becomes zero.

24. The de Broglie wavelengths associated with an electron and a proton are equal. Prove that the
kinetic energy of the electron is greater than that of the proton.
OR
Define the distance of closest approach. An -particle of kinetic energy ‘K’ is bombarded on a
thin gold foil. The distance of the closest approach is ‘r’. What will be the distance of closest
approach for an -particle of double the kinetic energy?

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25. Figure shows a capacitor made of two circular plates each of radius 12 cm and separated by 5.0
mm. The capacitor is being charged by an external source (not shown in the figure). The
charging current is constant and equal to 0.15 A.

(i) Calculate the capacitance and the rate of change of potential difference between the plates.
(ii) Obtain the displacement current across the P plates.
(iii) Is Kirchhoff’s first rule function rule valid at each plate of the capacitor? Explain.
OR
Electromagnetic waves of wavelengths λ1, λ2 and λ3 are used in radar systems, in water purifiers
and in remote switches of TV, respectively.
(i) Identify the electromagnetic waves, and
(ii) Write one source of each of them.

26. (i) A point charge q moving with speed v enters a uniform magnetic field B that is acting into
the plane of the paper as shown. What is the path followed by the charge q and in which plane
does it move?

(ii) How does the path followed by the charge get affected if its velocity has a component

parallel to B ?

(iii) If an electric field E is also applied such that the particle continues moving along the

original straight line path, what should be the magnitude and direction of the electric field E ?

27. Figure shows a rectangular loop conducting PQRS in which the arm PQ is free to move. A
uniform magnetic field acts in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the loop. Arm PQ is
moved with a velocity v towards the arm RS. Assuming that the arms QR, RS and SP have
negligible resistances and the moving arm PQ has the resistance r, obtain the expression for (i)
the current in the loop (ii) the force and (iii) the power required to move the arm PQ.

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28. (i) Draw the intensity distribution as function of phase angle when diffraction of light takes place
through coherently illuminated single slit.
(ii) Two monochromatic rays of light are incident normally on the face AB of an isosceles right-
angled prism ABC. The refractive indices of the glass prism for the two rays ‘1’ and ‘2’ are
respectively 1.3 and 1.5. Trace the path of these rays after entering through the prism. Explain
briefly.

SECTION – D (Case Study Based Questions)

Questions 29 to 30 carry 4 marks each.

29. Case-Study 1:
Read the following paragraph and answer the questions.
The figure below shows with their current rating in three different electrical appliances when
connected to the 220 V, 50 Hz mains supply.

(i) Which appliance has the greatest electrical resistance? How does the rating of current show
this?
(ii) Amar takes the kettle abroad where the mains supply is 110 V. What is the current in the
kettle when it is operated from the 110 V supply.
(iii) Two electric bulbs have the following specifications.
(a) 100 Wat 220 V (b) 1000 W at 220 V.
Which bulb has higher resistance? What is the ratio of their resistances?
OR
(iii) Two wires A and B of the same material and having same length, have their cross Sectional
areas in the ratio 1 : 6. What would be the ratio of heat produced in these wires when same
voltage 1s applied across each?
30. Case-Study 2:
Read the following paragraph and answer the questions
One of the earliest quantitative experiments to reveal the interference of light from two sources
was performed in 1800 by the English scientist Thomas Young. A light source emits
monochromatic light; however, this light is not suitable for use in an interference experiment
because emissions from different parts of an ordinary source are not synchronized. To remedy
this, the light is directed at a screen with a narrow slit, S, 1 µm or so wide. The light emerging
from the slit originated from only a small region of the light source; thus slit S behaves more
nearly like the idealised source. In modern versions of the experiment, a laser is used as a source
of coherent light, and the slit S isn’t needed. The light from slit S falls on a screen with two other
narrow slits S1 and S2 each 1 µm or So wide and a few tens or hundreds of micrometers apart.
Cylindrical wavefronts spread out from slit S and reach slits S1 and S2 in phase because they
travel equal distances from S. The waves emerging from slits S1 and S2 are therefore always in
phase, so S1 and S2 are coherent sources. To visualise the interference pattern, a screen is placed
so that the light from S, and Sy falls on it. The screen will be most brightly illuminated at

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 position O, where the light waves from the slits interfere constructively and will be darkest at
points where the interference is destructive.

(i) What should be the path difference for destructive interference of light?
(ii) In a Young’s double slit experiment, the source is white light. What would happen if one of
the holes is covered by a red filter and another by a blue filter?
(iii) In a Young’s double slit experiment, the slit separation is 1 mm and the screen is 1 m from
the slit. For a monochromatic light of wavelength 500 nm, what will be the distance of 3rd
minima from the central maxima?
OR
(iii) A double slit experiment is performed with light of wavelength 500 nm. A thin film of
thickness 2 µm and refractive index 1.5 is introduced in path of the upper beam. How will the
location of central maxima change?

SECTION – E
Questions 31 to 33 carry 5 marks each.
31. (i) Using Ampere's circuital law, find an expression for the magnetic field at a point on the axis
of a long solenoid with closely wound turns.
(ii) An a-particle is accelerated through a potential difference of 10 kV and moves along x-axis.
It enters in a region of uniform magnetic field B = 2 x 10-3 T acting along y-axis. Find the radius
of its path. (Take mass of a-particle = 6.4 x 10-27 kg)
OR
(i) Two long straight parallel conductors carry steady current I1 and I2 separated by a distance d.
If the currents are flowing in the same direction, show how the magnetic field set up in one
produces an attractive force on the other. Obtain the expression for this force. Hence define one
ampere.
(ii) A circular coil of ‘N’ turns and diameter ‘d’ carries a current ‘l’. It is unwound and rewound
to make another coil of diameter ‘2d’, current ‘I’ remaining the same. Calculate the ratio of the
magnetic moments of the new coil and the original coil.

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32. Answer the following questions:
(i) (a) In a single slit diffraction experiment, the width of the slit is made double the original
width. How does this affect the size and intensity of the central diffraction band?
(b) How is the width of the central maximum changed when red light is replaced by blue?
(c) In what way is diffraction from each slit related to the interference pattern in a double slit
experiment?
(ii) Draw a ray diagram of compound microscope for the final image formed at least distance of
distinct vision?
OR
Describe diffraction of light due to a single slit. Explain formation of a pattern of fringes
obtained on the screen and plot showing variation of intensity with angle @ in single slit
diffraction.

33. (i) State Lenz’s Law. A metallic rod held horizontally along east-west direction, is allowed to fall
under gravity. Will there be an emf induced at its ends? Justify your answer.
(ii) Figure shows a metal rod PQ of length J, resting on the smooth horizontal rails AB
positioned between the poles of a permanent magnet. The rails, rod and the magnetic field B are
in three mutually perpendicular directions. A galvanometer G connects the rails through a key
‘K’. Assume the magnetic field to be uniform. Given the resistance of the closed loop containing
the rod is R.

(a) Suppose K is open and the rod is moved with a speed v in the direction shown. Find the
polarity and the magnitude of induced emf.
(b) With K open and the rod moving uniformly, there is no net force on the electrons in the rod
PQ even though they do experience magnetic force due to the motion of the rod. Explain.
(c) What is the induced emf in the moving rod if the magnetic field is parallel to the rails instead
of being perpendicular?
OR
(i) Derive expression for self inductance of a long air-cored solenoid of length 'l', crosssectional
area A and having number of turns N.
(ii) A long solenoid with 15 turns per cm has a small loop of area 2.0 cm2 placed inside normal
to the axis of the solenoid. The current carried by the solenoid changes steadily from 2 A to 4 A
in 0.1 s, what is the induced emf in the loop while the current is changing?

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PM SHRI KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA GACHIBOWLI, GPRA CAMPUS, HYD-32
SAMPLE PAPER TEST 07 FOR BOARD EXAM 2024

SUBJECT: PHYSICS MAX. MARKS : 70

CLASS : XII DURATION: 3 HRS
General Instructions:
1. There are 33 questions in all. All questions are compulsory
2. This question paper has five sections: Section A, Section B, Section C, Section D and Section E.
All the sections are compulsory.
3. Section A contains sixteen questions, twelve MCQ and four Assertion-Reasoning based questions
of 1 mark each, Section B contains five questions of two marks each, Section C contains seven
questions of three marks each, section D contains three long questions of five marks each and
Section E contains two case study based questions of 4 marks each.
4. There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in section B, C, D and
E. You have to attempt only one of the choices in such questions.
5. Use of calculators is not allowed.

SECTION – A
Questions 1 to 16 carry 1 mark each. 
1. An isosceles right angled current carrying loop PQR is placed in a uniform magnetic field B
pointing along PR. If the magnetic force acting on the arm PQ is F, then the magnetic force
which acts on the arm OR will be

(a) F (b) F/√2 (c) √2 F (d) -F

2. A magnetic needle is kept in a uniform magnetic field. It experiences
(a) a force and a torque (b) a force but not a torque
(c) a torque but not a force (d) neither a torque nor a force

3. A point charge is situated at an axial point of a small electric dipole at a large distance from it.
The charge experiences a force F. If the distance of the charge is doubled, the force acting on the
charge will become
(a) 2F (b) F/2 (c) F/4 (d) F/8.

4. A rectangular coil of length 0.12 m and width 0.1 m having 50 turns of wire is suspended
vertically in a uniform magnetic field of strength 0.2 Weber/m?. The coil carries a current of 2 A.
If the plane of the coil is inclined at an angle of 30* with the direction of the field, the torque
required to keep the coil in stable equilibrium will be
(a) 0.24 Nm (b) 0.12 Nm (c) 0.15 Nm (d) 0.20 Nm
5. A series LCR circuit is shown in figure. The source frequency f is varied, but the current is kept
unchanged. Which of the curves shows changes of VC, and VL, with frequency?

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6. Two circular coils can be arranged in any of the three situations as shown in fig. Their mutual
inductance will be:

(a) maximum in situation (i) (b) maximum in situation (i)

(c) maximum in situation (iii) (d) same in all situations

7. The Young's double-slit experiment is performed with blue and green lights of wavelengths 4360
Å and 5460 Å respectively. If x is the distance of 4th maxima from the central one, then
( x)blue 5460
(a) ( x )blue  ( x) green (b) ( x )blue  ( x) green (c) ( x)blue  ( x ) green (d) 
( x ) green 4360

8. Which is reverse biased diode?

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9. White light is incident on the interface of glass and air as shown in figure. If green light is just
totally internally reflected, then the emerging ray in air contains

b
(a) yellow, orange, red Glass
(b) violet, indigo, blue
(c) all colours White
(d) all colours except green light

10. In a dc circuit the direction of current inside the battery and outside the battery respectively are
(a) positive to negative terminal and negative to positive terminal
(b) positive to negative terminal and positive to negative terminal
(c) negative to positive terminal and positive to negative terminal
(d) negative to positive terminal and negative to positive terminal

11. In an-type semiconductor, which of the following statements is true?

(a) Electrons are majority carriers and trivalent atoms are the dopants.
(b) Electrons are minority carriers and pentavalent atoms are dopants.
(c) Holes are minority carriers and pentavalent atoms are dopants.
(d) Holes are majority carriers and trivalent atoms are dopants.

12. In a photoelectric experiment, the stopping-potential for the incident light of wavelength 4000 Å
is 2 volt. If the wavelength be changed to 3000 Å, the stopping potential will be
(a) 2 volt (b) less than 2 volt (c) zero (d) more than 2 volt

ASSERTION-REASON BASED QUESTIONS

In the following questions, a statement of assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R).
Choose the correct answer out of the following choices.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.

13. Assertion (A): In the Bohr model of the hydrogen, atom, v and E represent the speed of the
electron and the total energy of the electron respectively. Then v/E is proportional to the
quantum number n of the electron.
Reason (R): v  n and E  n 2

14. Assertion (A): An applied electric field polarises a polar dielectric.

Reason (R): The molecules of a polar dielectric possess a permanent dipole moment, but in the
absence of electric field, these dipoles are randomly oriented and when electric field is applied
these dipoles align along the direction of electric field.

15. Assertion (A) : Susceptibility is defined as the ratio of intensity of magnetisation I to magnetic
intensity H.

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 Reason (R) : Greater the value of susceptibility, smaller the value of intensity of magnetisation
I.

16. Assertion (A) : The conductivity of an electrolyte is very low as compared to a metal at room
temperature.
Reason (R): The number density of free ions in electrolyte is much smaller as compared to
number density of free electrons in metals. Further, ions drift much more slowly, being heavier.

SECTION – B
Questions 17 to 21 carry 2 marks each.

17. (i) How are infrared waves produced? Write their one important use.
(ii) The thin ozone layer on top of the stratosphere is crucial for human survival. Why?

18. Suppose that the particle is an electron projected with velocity vx = 2.0 x 106 m/s. If electric field
between the plates separated by 0.5 cm is 9.1 x 102 N/C, where will the electron strike the upper
plate? (|e| = 1.6 x 10-19 C, m = 9.1 x 10-31 kg.)

19. Explain, how the heavy doping of both p-and n-sides of a p-n junction diode results in the
electric field of the junction being extremely high even with a reverse bias voltage of a few volts.

20. The magnetic susceptibility of magnesium at 300 K is 1.2 x 105. At what temperature will its
magnetic susceptibility become 1.44 x 105?

21. The figure shows the plot of binding energy (BE) per nucleon as a function of mass number A.
The letters A, B, C, D and E represent the positions of typical nuclei on the curve. Point out,
giving reasons, the two processes (in terms of A, B, C, D and E), one of which can occur due to
nuclear fission and the other due to nuclear fusion.

OR
A heavy nucleus X of mass number 240 and binding energy per nucleon 7.6 MeV is split into
two fragments Y and Z of mass numbers 110 and 130. The binding energy of nucleons in Y and
Z is 8.5 MeV per nucleon. Calculate the energy Q released per fission in MeV.

SECTION – C
Questions 22 to 28 carry 3 marks each.
22. A ray of light passing from air through an equilateral glass prism undergoes minimum deviation
when the angle of incidence is 3/4 th of the angle of prism. Calculate the speed of light in the
prism.
OR

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 The radii of curvature of both the surfaces of a lens are equal. If one of the surfaces is made
plane by grinding, then will the focal length of lens change? Will the power change?

23. When is Hα line in the emission spectrum of hydrogen atom obtained? Calculate the frequency of
the photon emitted during this transition.

24. A proton, a deuteron and an alpha particle, are accelerated through the same potential difference

and then subjected to a uniform magnetic field B , perpendicular to the direction of their
motions. Compare (i) their kinetic energies, and (ii) if the radius of the circular path described by
proton is 5 cm, determine the radii of the paths described by deuteron and alpha particle.
OR
(i) An electron moving horizontally with a velocity of 4 x 104 m/s enters a region of uniform
magnetic field of 10-5 T acting vertically upward as shown in the figure. Draw its trajectory and
find out the time it takes to come out of the region of magnetic field.

(ii) A straight wire of mass 200 g and length 1.5 m carries current of 2A. It is suspended in mid
air by a uniform magnetic field B. What is the magnitude of the magnetic field?

25. The energy level diagram of an element is given below. Identify, by doing necessary
calculations, which transition corresponds to the emission of a spectral line of wavelength 102.7
nm.

26. Draw V- I characteristics of a p-n junction diode. Answer the following questions, giving
reasons:
(i) Why is the current under reverse bias almost independent of the applied potential upto a
critical voltage?
(ii) Why does the reverse current show a sudden increase at the critical voltage?

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27. (i) A rod of length l is moved horizontally with a uniform velocity ‘v’ in a direction
perpendicular to its length through a region in which a uniform magnetic field is acting vertically
downward. Derive the expression for the emf induced across the ends of the rod.

(ii) How does one understand this motional emf by invoking the Lorentz force acting on the free
charge carriers of the conductor? Explain.
OR
Two identical loops, one of copper and the other of aluminium, are rotated with the same angular
speed in the same magnetic field. Compare (i) the induced emf and (ii) the current produced in
the two coils. Justify your answer.

28. A cube of side 20 cm is kept in a region as shown in the figure. An electric field E exists in the
region such that the A potential at a point is given by V = 10x + 5, where V is in volt and x is in
m.

Find the (i) electric field, and (ii) total electric flux through the cube.

SECTION – D (Case Study Based Questions)

Questions 29 to 30 carry 4 marks each.

29. Case-Study 1:
Read the following paragraph and answer the questions
Migration of Birds
The migratory birds pattern is one of the mysteries in the field of science. For example, every
winter birds from Siberia fly unerringly to water spots in the Indian sub-continent. There has
been a suggestion that electromagnetic induction may provide a clue to the as migratory patterns.
The earth's magnetic field has existed throughout evolutionary history. It would be of great
benefit to migratory birds to use this field to determine the direction. As far as we know birds
contains no ferromagnetic material. So, electromagnetic induction seems to be the only
reasonable mechanism to determine the direction. Consider the optimal case where the magnetic

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 field B, the velocity of the bird v and two relevant points of its anatomy separated by a distance
J, all three are mutually perpendicular. From the formula for motional emf
i.e.  = Blv

Certain kinds of fishes are able to detect small potential differences. However, in these fishes,
special cells have been identified which detect small voltage differences. In birds no such cells
have been identified. Thus, the migration patterns of birds continue to remains a mystery.
(i) State the law that gives the polarity of the induced emf.
(ii) A metallic rod PQ of length l is rotated with an angular with an angular velocity w in a
magnetic field B about an axis passing through the mid-point O of the rod and perpendicular to
the plane of paper as shown in the figure. What is the potential difference developed between the
point O and Q of the rod?

(iii) A migratory siberian bird is flying in the sky with a velocity of 10 m/s and the distance
between two feathers is 2cm. The earth’s magnetic field B perpendicular to the feathers is 4 x 10-
5
T. How much emf generated between the two feathers?
OR
(iii) An aeroplane having a wing span of 35 m flies due north with a speed of 90 m/s, given B = 4
x 10-5 T. How much potential difference would be develop between the tips of the wings?

30. Case-Study 2:
Read the following paragraph and answer the questions.
Newton’s Rings
The figure shows convex surface of a lens in contact with a plane glass plate. A thin film of air is
formed between the two surfaces. When you view the setup with monochromatic light, you see
circular interference fringes. These were studied by Newton and are called Newton’s rings.
When you view the setup by reflected light, the center of the pattern is black. Can you see why
this should be expected?
We can use interference fringes to compare the surfaces of two optical parts by placing the two
in contact and observing the interference fringes. The figure shows a photograph made during
the grinding of a telescope objective lens. The lower, larger diameter, thicker disk is the correctly
shaped master, and the smaller, upper disk is the lens under test. The “Contour lines” are
Newton’s interference fringes; each one indicates an additional distance between the specimen

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 and the master of one half wavelength. At 10 lines from the center spot the distance between the
two surfaces is 5 wavelengths, or about 0.003 mm. This isn’t very good, high quality lenses are
routinely ground with a precision of less than one wavelength. The surface of the primary mirror
of the Hubble Space Telescope was ground to a precision of better than 1/50 wavelength.
Unfortunately, it was ground to incorrect specifications, creating one of the most precise errors in
the history of optical technology.

(i) What phenomenon is responsible for light spreading as it passes through a narrow slit?
(ii) How does Newton's rings appear when viewed with white light?
(iii) A beam of light consisting of two wavelength 650 nm and 520 nm, is used to obtain
interference fringes in a Young's double slit experiment on a screen 1.2 m away. The separation
between the slits is 2 mm. Find the distance of the third bright fringe on the screen from the
central maximum for wavelength 650 nm.
OR
(iii) Two coherent light beams of intensity I and 4I are superposed. What are the possible
maximum and minimum intensities in the resulting beam?

SECTION – E
Questions 31 to 33 carry 5 marks each.

31. (i) Using Biot-Savart's law, derive an expression for magnetic field at any point on axial line of a
current carrying circular loop. Hence, find magnitude of magnetic field intensity at the centre of
circular coil.
(ii) Two co-axial circular loops L1 and L2 of radii 3 cm and 4 cm are placed as shown. What
should be the magnitude and direction of the current in the loop L2 so that the net magnetic field
at the point O be zero?

OR
(i) Derive an expression for torque acting on a rectangular current carrying loop kept in a
uniform magnetic field B. Indicate the direction of torque acting on the loop.
(ii) A magnetised needle of magnetic moment 4.8 x 107 JT-1 is placed at 30° with the direction of
uniform magnetic field of magnitude 3 x 10-2 T. Calculate the torque acting on the needle.

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32. (i) The given figure shows the electric field lines around three point charges A, B and C.
(a) Which charges are positive?
(b) Which charge has the largest magnitude? Why?
(c) In which region or regions of the picture could the electric field be zero? Justify your answer.
(1) near A (2) near B (3) near C (4) nowhere.

(ii) A hollow cylindrical box of length 1 m and area of cross-section 25 cm? is placed in a three
dimensional coordinate y system as shown in the figure.

The electric field in the region is given by E = 50x i , where E is in NC-1 and x is in metres.
Find: (a) net flux through the cylinder.
(b) charge enclosed by the cylinder.
OR
(i) State Gauss’s law in electrostatics. A cube with y each side ‘a’ is kept in an electric field

given by E = C x r , (as is shown in the figure) where C is a positive dimensional constant.

Find out (a) the electric flux through the cube, and
(b) the net charge inside the cube.
(ii) In the figure there are three infinite long thin sheets having surface charge density +2σ, -2σ
and +σ respectively. Give the magnitude and direction of electric field at a point to the left of
sheet of charge density +2σ and to the right of sheet of charge density +σ.

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33. (i) Use Huygens’ principle to show how a plane wavefront propagates from a denser to rarer
medium. Hence, verify Snell’s law of refraction.
(ii) A ray of light falls on a transparent sphere with centre C as shown in the figure. The ray
emerges from the sphere parallel to the line AB. Find the angle of refraction at A if refractive
index of the material of the sphere is √3.

OR
(i) Define the term wavefront. Using Huygen’s wave theory, verify the law of reflection.
(ii) A convex lens made of a material of refractive index n1, is kept in-a medium of refractive
index n2. Parallel rays of light are incident on the lens. Complete the path of rays of light
emerging from the convex lens if: (i) n1 > n2 (ii) n1 = n2 (iii) n1 < n2.

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-
PM SHRI KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA GACHIBOWLI, GPRA CAMPUS, HYD-32
SAMPLE PAPER TEST 08 FOR BOARD EXAM 2024

SUBJECT: PHYSICS MAX. MARKS : 70

CLASS : XII DURATION: 3 HRS
General Instructions:
1. There are 33 questions in all. All questions are compulsory
2. This question paper has five sections: Section A, Section B, Section C, Section D and Section E.
All the sections are compulsory.
3. Section A contains sixteen questions, twelve MCQ and four Assertion-Reasoning based questions
of 1 mark each, Section B contains five questions of two marks each, Section C contains seven
questions of three marks each, section D contains three long questions of five marks each and
Section E contains two case study based questions of 4 marks each.
4. There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in section B, C, D and
E. You have to attempt only one of the choices in such questions.
5. Use of calculators is not allowed.

SECTION – A
Questions 1 to 16 carry 1 mark each.
1. A metallic shell has a point charge q kept inside a cavity. Which one of the following diagrams
correctly represents the electric lines of force?

2. The potential difference across a cell in an open circuit is 8 V. It falls to 4 V when a current of 4
A is drawn from it. The internal resistance of the cell is :
(a) 4Ω (b) 3Ω (c) 2Ω (d) 1Ω

3. A diamagnetic substance is brought near the north or south pole of a bar magnet. It will be :
(a) repelled by both the poles.
(b) attracted by both the poles.
(c) repelled by the north pole and attracted by the south pole.
(d) attracted by the north pole and repelled by the south pole.

4. A circular coil of radius 8 0 cm and 40 turns is rotated about its vertical diameter with an angular
speed of 25/π rad s-1 in a uniform horizontal magnetic field of magnitude 3.0 х 10-2 T. The
maximum emf induced in the coil is:
(a) 0·12 V (b) 0·15 V (c) 0·19 V (d) 0·22 V

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5. For a metallic conductor, the correct representation of variation of resistance R with temperature
T is:

6. The variation of induced emf (E) with time t in a coil if a short bar magnet is moved along its
axis with a constant velocity is best represented as:

7. The mass density of a nucleus of mass number A is :

(a) proportional to A1/3 (b) proportional to A2/3
(c) proportional to A3 (d) independent of A

8. In the energy-band diagram of n-type Si, the gap between the bottom of the conduction band EC
and the donor energy level ED is of the order of :
(a) 10 eV (b) 1 eV (c) 0 1 eV (d) 0 01 eV

9. An ac source of voltage is connected in series with a p-n junction diode and a load resistor. The
correct option for output voltage across load resistance will be :

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10. Figure shows a rectangular conductor PSRQ in which movable arm PQ has a resistance 'r' and
resistance of PSRQ is negligible. The magnitude of emf induced when PQ is moved with a

velocity v does not depend on :

 
(a) magnetic field ( B ) (b) velocity ( v ) (c) resistance (r) (d) length of PQ

11. Three charges q, -q and q0, are placed as shown in figure. The magnitude of the net force on the
 1 
charge q0, at point O is  k  
 4 0 

2kqq0 2kqq0 1 kqq0

(a) 0 (b) (c) (d) 2
a2 a2 2 a

12. The diagram shows the energy levels for an electron in a certain atom. The transition that
represents the emission of a photon with the highest energy is

(a) I (b) II (c) III (d) IV

ASSERTION-REASON BASED QUESTIONS

In the following questions, a statement of assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R).
Choose the correct answer out of the following choices.

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(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of the
Assertion (A).
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of the
Assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false and Reason (R) is also false.

13. Assertion (A): Bohr’s postulate states that the electrons in stationary orbits around the nucleus
do not radiate.
Reason (R): According to classical physics, all moving electrons radiate.

14. Assertion (A): When a bar of copper is placed in an external magnetic field, the field lines get
concentrated inside the bar.
Reason (R): Copper is a paramagnetic substance.

15. Assertion (A): The phase difference between any two points on a wavefront is zero.
Reason (R): All points on a wavefront are at the same distance from the source and thus
oscillate in the same phase.

16. Assertion (A): Photoelectric effect demonstrates the particle nature of light.
Reason (R): Photoelectric current is proportional to intensity of incident radiation for
frequencies more than the threshold frequency.

SECTION – B
Questions 17 to 21 carry 2 marks each.

17. A charged particle enters perpendicularly a region having either (i) magnetic field or (ii) an
electric field. How can the trajectory followed by the charged particle help us to know whether
the region has an electric field or a magnetic field? Explain briefly.

18. The ground state energy of hydrogen atom is -13.6 eV. What is the potential energy and kinetic
energy of an electron in the third excited state?

19. Distinguish between a metal and an insulator on the basis of energy band diagrams.
OR
Differentiate between intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors. Give reason why a p-type
semiconductor crystal is electrically neutral, although nh >> ne.

20. Consider an induced magnetic field due to changing electric field and an induced electric field
due to changing magnetic field. Which one is more easily observed? Justify your answer.

21. Two coherent monochromatic light beams of intensities I and 4I superpose each other. Find the
ratio of maximum and minimum intensities in the resulting beam.

SECTION – C
Questions 22 to 28 carry 3 marks each.
22. (a) Twelve negative charges of same magnitude are equally spaced and fixed on the
circumference of a circle of radius R as shown in Fig. (i). Relative to potential being zero at
infinity, find the electric potential and electric field at the centre C of the circle.
(b) If the charges are unequally spaced and fixed on an arc of 120 of radius R as shown in Fig.
(ii), find electric potential at the centre C.

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23. In a plane electromagnetic wave, the electric field oscillates sinusoidally at a frequency of 2.0 x
1010 Hz and amplitude 48 V/m.
(i) What is the wavelength of a wave?
(ii) What is the amplitude of the oscillating magnetic field?
(iii) Show that the average energy density of the electric field equals the average energy density
of the magnetic field. [c = 3 x 108 m/s]
OR
A parallel plate capacitor (fig.) made of circular plates each of radius R = 6.0 cm has a
capacitance C = 100 pF. The capacitor is connected to a 230 V ac supply with an angular
frequency of 300 rad/s.

(i) What is the rms value of the conduction current?

(ii) Is conduction current equal to the displacement current?
(iii) Determine the amplitude of magnetic field induction B at a point 3.0 cm from the axis
between the plates.

24. Draw the circuit arrangement for studying the V-I characteristics of a p-n junction diode in
forward bias and reverse bias. Show the plot of V-I characteristic of a silicon diode.

25. A long solenoid of radius r consists of n turns per unit length. A current I = I0 sin t flows in the
solenoid. A coil of N turns is wound tightly around it near its centre. What is :
(a) the induced emf in the coil?
(b) the mutual inductance between the solenoid and the coil?

26. How does Einstein's photoelectric equation explain the emission of electrons from a metal
surface? Explain briefly. Plot the variation of photocurrent with :
(a) collector plate potential for different intensity of incident radiation, and
(b) intensity of incident radiation.

27. Using Huygens' principle, draw a ray diagram showing ther propagation of a plane wave
refracting at a plane surface separating two media. Also verify the Snell's law of refraction.

28. Draw the energy level diagram for hydrogen atom. Mark the transitions corresponding to the
series lying in the ultraviolet region, visible region and infrared region.

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 SECTION – D (Case Study Based Questions)
Questions 29 to 30 carry 4 marks each.

29. Case-Study 1:
Read the following paragraph and answer the questions
Electron Drift
An electric charge (electron, ions) will experience a force if an electric field is applied. If we
consider solid conductors, then of course the atoms are tightly bound to each other so that the
current is carried by the negative charged electrons. Consider the first case when no electric field
is present, the electrons will be moving due to thermal motion during which they collide with the
fixed ions. An electron colliding with an ion emerges with same speed as before the collision.
However, the direction of its velocity after the collision is completely random. At a given time,
there is no preferential direction for the velocities of the electrons. Thus, on an average, the
number of electrons travelling in any direction will be equal to the number of electrons travelling
in the opposite direction. So, there will be no net electric current. If an electric field is applied,
the electrons will be accelerated due to this field towards positive charge. The electrons, as long
as they are moving, will constitute an electric current.
The free electrons in a conductor have random velocity and move in random directions. When
current is applied across the conductor, the randomly moving electrons are subjected to electrical
forces along the direction of electric field. Due to this electric field, free electrons still have their
random moving nature, but they will move through the conductor with a certain force. The net
velocity in a conductor due to the moving of electrons is referred to as the drift of electrons.

(i) Define the term drift velocity of charge carriers in a conductor. Write its relationship with
current flowing through it.
(ii) A steady current flow in a metallic conductor of non-uniform cross-section. Which of these
quantities is constant along the conductor: current, current density, drift speed?

(iii) A potential difference V is applied across the ends of copper wire of length l and diameter
D. What is the effect on drift velocity of electrons if (i) V is halved? (ii) I is doubled?
OR
(iii) Two conducting wires X and Y of same diameter but different materials are joined in series
across a battery. If the number density of electrons in X is twice that in Y, find the ratio of drift
velocity of electrons in the two wires.

30. Case-Study 2:
Read the following paragraph and answer the questions.
Strontium titanate is a rare oxide - a natural mineral found in Siberia. It is used as a substitute for
diamond because its refractive index and critical angle are 2.41 and 24.5⁰, respectively, which
are approximately equal to the refractive index and critical angle of diamond. It has all the
properties of diamond. Even an expert jeweller is unable to differentiate between diamond and
strontium titanate. A ray of light is incident normally on one face of an equilateral triangular
prism ABC made of strontium titanate.

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 Answer the following questions based on the above :
(a) Trace the path of the ray showing its passage through the prism. [1]
(b) Find the velocity of light through the prism. [1]
(c) Briefly explain two applications of total internal reflection. [2]
OR
(c) Define total internal reflection of light. Give two conditions for it. [2]

SECTION – E
Questions 31 to 33 carry 5 marks each.

31. (i) Define electric flux. Write its SI unit.

(ii) “Gauss’s law in electrostatics is true for any closed surface, no matter what its shape or size
is.” Justify this statement with the help of a suitable example.
(iii) A point charge + 10 C is at a distance 5 cm directly above the centre of a square of side 10
cm as shown in figure. What is the magnitude of the electric flux through the square?

OR    
(i) Consider a system of n charges q1, q2, ... qn, with position vectors relative r1 , r2 , r3 ,.....rn to

some origin
 ‘O’. Deduce the expression for the net electric field E at a point P with position
vector rp , due to this system of charges.
(ii) Two charges of value 2 C and -50 C are placed 80 cm apart. Calculate the distance of the
point from the smaller charge where the intensity is zero.

32. (i) State Biot-Savart's law for the magnetic field due to a current carrying element. Use this law
to obtain an expression for the magnetic field at the centre of a circular loop of radius 'a' and
carrying a current 'I'. Draw the magnetic field lines for a current loop indicating the direction of
magnetic field.
(ii) An electron is revolving around the nucleus in a circular orbit with a speed of 10-7 m s-1. If
the radius of the orbit is 10-10 m, find the current constituted by the revolving electron in the
orbit.
OR
(i) Derive an expression for the force acting on a current carrying straight conductor kept in a
magnetic field. State the rule which is used to find the direction of this force. Give the condition
under which this force is (1) maximum, and (2) minimum.

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 (ii) Two long parallel straight wires A and B are 2.5 cm apart in air. They carry 5.0 A and 2.5 A
currents respectively in opposite directions. Calculate the magnitude of the force exerted by wire
A on a 10 cm length of wire B.

33. (i) (1) Write two points of difference between an interference pattern and a diffraction pattern.
(2) Name any two factors on which the fringe width in a Young's double-slit experiment
depends.
(ii) In Young's double-slit experiment, the two slits are separated by a distance equal to 100
times the wavelength of light that passes through the slits. Calculate:
(1) the angular separation in radians between the central maximum and the adjacent maximum.
(2) the distance between these two maxima on a screen 50 cm from the slits.
OR
(i) A spherical surface of radius of curvature R separates two media of refractive indices n1 and
n2. A point object is placed in front of the surface at distance u in medium of refractive index n1
and its image is formed by the surface at distance v, in the medium of refractive index n2. Derive
a relation between u and v.
(ii) A solid glass sphere of radius 6.0 cm has a small air bubble trapped at a distance 3.0 cm from
its centre C as shown in the figure. The refractive index of the material of the sphere is 1.5. Find
the apparent position of this bubble when seen through the surface of the sphere from an outside
point E in air.

Prepared by: M. S. KumarSwamy, TGT(Maths) Page - 8-