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Reading and Writing: Quarter 4 - Module 3

Critical reading involves carefully examining information rather than easily believing it. It is an active process where the reader questions claims and interacts with the writer. Critical thinkers understand relationships between ideas, determine relevance, recognize arguments and errors, and reflect on their own assumptions. Critical thinking similarly questions ideas and does not accept them without analysis. Logical fallacies are errors in reasoning that invalidate arguments. Common fallacies include appeals to consequences or authority, inconsistency, hasty generalization, and straw man arguments. The document outlines strategies for critical reading such as annotating, contextualizing, outlining, summarizing, and evaluating arguments.

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482 views4 pages

Reading and Writing: Quarter 4 - Module 3

Critical reading involves carefully examining information rather than easily believing it. It is an active process where the reader questions claims and interacts with the writer. Critical thinkers understand relationships between ideas, determine relevance, recognize arguments and errors, and reflect on their own assumptions. Critical thinking similarly questions ideas and does not accept them without analysis. Logical fallacies are errors in reasoning that invalidate arguments. Common fallacies include appeals to consequences or authority, inconsistency, hasty generalization, and straw man arguments. The document outlines strategies for critical reading such as annotating, contextualizing, outlining, summarizing, and evaluating arguments.

Uploaded by

mv.fernandez0000
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Reading and Writing

Quarter 4 – Module 3:
CRITICAL READING AS REASONING
What is Critical Reading?
Critical reading involves scrutinizing any information that you read or hear.
Critical reading means not easily believing information offered to you by a text.
Critical reading is an active process of discovery because when you read critically, you are not just receiving
information but also making an interaction with the writer. The interaction happens when you question the
writer’s claims and assertions and/or when you comment on the writer’s ideas.
A critical thinker possesses the following characteristics. (Adapted from skillsyouneed.com)
1. Understands the relation of one idea to another
2. Determines the importance and relevance of ideas and arguments
3. Recognizes, builds and appraises arguments
4. Identifies inconsistencies and errors in reasoning
5. Approaches problems in a consistent and systematic way
6. Reflects on the justification of his own assumptions, beliefs and values

What is Critical Thinking?


Critical thinking on the other hand, is the ability to think clearly and rationally, and the ability to understand the
relation of ideas presented. Similar to a critical reader, you as a critical thinker should be able to question ideas
and assumptions and should not just accept them without analyzing if there is truth to them or not.

What are Logical Fallacies?


Logical Fallacies are errors in reasoning that invalidate an argument. As a
critical reader, you have to identify and examine fallacies and manipulative
language found in the text. It is therefore important that you know some of the
common fallacies which are found in the table below.
The critical reading strategies are:
1. Annotating
2. Contextual Reading
3. Outlining
4. Summarizing
5. Paraphrasing
6. Comparing and Contrasting
7. Evaluating an Argument
8. Reflecting on Challenges to your Beliefs and Values
9. Looking for Patterns of Opposition
10. Judging the Writer’s Credibility
11. Exploring the Figurative Language
12. Recognizing Emotional manipulation
Directions: Read the statement carefully and choose the letter that is being defined.
1. A logical fallacy that shows that the belief is false with the use of unpleasant consequences of believing
something are pointed out.
a. Appeal to Consequences c. Appeal to Force
b. Appeal to Authority d. Appeal to Pity
2. A logical fallacy where the authority is not mentioned or named.
a. Appeal to Authority c. Attacking the Person
b. Anonymous Authority d. Hasty Generalization
3. A logical fallacy where the arguments contradict one another.
a. Accident b. Post Hoc c. Inconsistency d. Straw Man
4. A logical fallacy where the argument is considered valid because it is what the majority thinks.
a. Post Hoc b. Hasty Generalization c. Straw Man d. Bandwagon
5. A logical fallacy where it is still applied to a situation even if it should be an exception.
a. Accident b. Post Hoc c. Inconsistency d. Straw Man
7. A logical fallacy where the sample is not significant or enough to support a generalization about a population.
a. Appeal to Authority c. Attacking the Person
b. Hasty Generalization d. Anonymous Authority
8. A logical fallacy where the writer assumes that two concepts that are similar in some ways are also similar in
other ways.
a. Post Hoc b. Bandwagon c. Straw Man d. False Analogy
9. A logical fallacy where the position of the opposition is twisted so that it is easier to refute.
a. Straw Man b. Hasty Generalization c. Post Hoc d. Bandwagon
10. Just because it is not proven to be false, and vice versa, something is instantly concluded to be true.
a. Appeal to Ignorance c. Attacking the Person
b. Anonymous Authority d. Appeal to Authority

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