C1 Advanced End-of-course Test

For questions 1–8, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap. There is
an example at the beginning (0).
Example:
0 A fully B wholly C perfectly D bitterly

Emails and energy

For many of us, a handwritten message sent through the post would be a (0) …B… inadequate way to

communicate except on some sort of special occasion. But for anything requiring speed, an email would

seem to be much more (1) ……, not to mention affordable.

(2) ……, recent studies have suggested that sending emails might actually be harmful, at least in

environmental terms. The problem lies in the increasingly (3) …… number of emails we send. We take full

(4) …… of the effortless and immediate way we can fire off a quick email, but this can add up to hundreds

per person, every day.

In the UK, for example, an estimated 64 million unnecessary emails are sent on a daily basis, and it

(5) …… out that many of these are sent to people who are actually within walking distance of the sender.

For the (6) …… part, these are just single-word responses to previous emails, but those ‘thank you’

messages build up over time.

The act of typing emails on a device and sending them across a network to another device uses up

electricity, and according to some estimates, if we (7) …… to send just one fewer email a day, we would

save 16,433 tons of carbon. Surprisingly, that’s the (8) …… amount of carbon used up by more than

80,000 short-haul flights.

1 A efficient B competent C capable D decent

2 A Otherwise B Whereas C Despite this D On the contrary
3 A tall B full C extra D high
4 A advantage B point C use D purpose
5 A comes B catches C turns D checks
6 A major B most C large D great
7 A occurred B happened C chanced D arose
8 A virtual B proportionate C essential D equivalent

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 C1 Advanced End-of-course Test

For questions 9–16, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one
word in each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0). Write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS.
Example: (0) LOSING

Being angry

Whether it’s throwing a tantrum as a child, or (0) …………..... your temper as an adult, anger is something that

is familiar to all of us. But what is anger, exactly?

Very young children get worked (9) …………..... when they can’t manage the world around them and also lack

the language skills to put things right. Something which might seem trivial to an adult, like putting on a pair of

socks, can cause a child to suddenly (10) …………..... off the handle.

There is evidence (11) …………..... suggest that the same is true of adults. Angry emotions occur when there

is a difference (12) …………..... our expectations and what actually takes place in a given situation.

(13) …………..... happens then is that stress hormones like testosterone and adrenaline begin surging around

our bodies, in an attempt to help us ‘fight’ the problem facing us.

(14) …………..... from preparing our bodies for possible combat, anger might have other benefits. In one

study, a psychologist found that politicians who seemed angry (rather than sad or stubborn) were seen in a

positive light, as (15) …………..... businesspeople taking part in negotiations. However, the study also

concluded that such positive feelings were not extended to angry women, (16) …………..... were generally

viewed less favourably than angry men.

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 C1 Advanced End-of-course Test

For questions 17–24, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the lines to
form a word that fits in the gap in the same line. There is an example at the beginning (0). Write your
answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS.
Example: (0) ACCOMPLISHMENTS

Michael Collins
One of the most significant (0) ………….................... of the last century ACCOMPLISH
has been sending people to the moon. It’s widely (17) ………….................... KNOW
that the first two people to walk on the moon in 1969 were Neil Armstrong
and Buzz Aldrin. But (18) ………….................... few know the name of the third COMPARE
person on that expedition, Michael Collins. Indeed, it’s easy to
make the (19) ………….................... that his job was far easier than his two ASSUME
colleagues’, when in fact it wasn’t easy at all.
The three astronauts left Earth together in one rocket, which then
separated into a small command ship called Columbus and
the Eagle – the lunar module that would descend with Armstrong and
Aldrin to the moon. It was Collins who stayed inside Columbus,
to (20) ………….................... that there was a ship for his colleagues to return to. SURE
The command ship did not remain stationary, however. It travelled
to the ‘dark’ side of the moon, completely (21) ………….................... from CONNECT
any form of communication with either Armstrong and Aldrin on the moon,
or anyone on Earth. This was a situation that is
(22) ………….................... to most of us. However, the isolation that Collins IMAGINE
(23) ………….................... did not worry him as much as the thought that something GO
might go wrong on the moon and that he would have to return to Earth
without his colleagues.
In total, Collins was alone for just over 21 hours and without him,
the mission would certainly have been a (24) ………….................... . FAIL

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 C1 Advanced End-of-course Test

For questions 25–30, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence,
using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between three and six words,
including the word given. Here is an example (0). Write only the missing words IN CAPITAL LETTERS.

Example:
0 It was only when Paul got angry that I realised something serious had happened.
UNTIL
It WASN’T UNTIL PAUL LOST his temper that I realised something serious had happened.

25 I only suggested something, so I don’t know why Sara is upset.

ALL
I don’t know why Sara is upset because ………………………............................... a suggestion.

26 I failed to make the most of my time at university.

LIKE
I’d ………………………............................... more advantage of my time at university.

27 I tend to think I’m responsible for things going wrong, even if I’m not.
BLAME
I have a ………………………............................... myself for things that go wrong, even if I’m not
responsible.

28 I wish I’d been quicker to realise he was lying to me.

SEEN
If ………………………............................... his lies earlier.

29 My grandfather was a great man, and I’m sure a lot of people admired him.
MUST
My grandfather was a great man, so a lot of people ………………………............................... up to him.

30 As soon as I complained to the company, they offered me a refund.

SOONER
No ………………………............................... I was offered a refund.

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 C1 Advanced End-of-course Test

You are going to read the introduction to a book about the theft of the painting known as the Mona Lisa.
For questions 31–36, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) you think fits best according to the text.

The theft of the Mona Lisa

Introduction
This book examines the popularity of the Mona Lisa, about which there can be no question. It isn’t
merely that it is widely regarded as a masterpiece (even if art historians are divided as to whether it
is Leonardo da Vinci’s finest) and nor is it that the painting has a value which means that it would
fetch several hundreds of millions of dollars in the improbable event of it ever being put on sale. The
painting – or rather, the enigmatic woman shown sitting within it – has acquired a celebrity status
that only a few other works of art have. Some 10 million people annually visit the Louvre Museum in
Paris, where the painting is kept behind bullet-proof glass, and it’s safe to assume that most of these
come principally to see this one work of art. Indeed, you do not need to visit the Louvre to see the
Mona Lisa’s face. You just have to take a walk around the streets of Paris, and you will see her
looking back at you from postcards, boxes of chocolate and T-shirts, wherever you go.

But when, and how, did this particular painting acquire such a status? This book attempts to trace
our current obsession with the Mona Lisa back to 1911. Although it had certainly been hailed as a
masterpiece before that point, passing through the hands of some of Europe’s richest and most
powerful figures, it could be argued that it wasn’t until 1911 that the Mona Lisa entered public
consciousness. It was then that an unknown Italian house painter called Vincenzo Perruggia took it
upon himself to hide inside a cupboard in the Louvre until no one else was around, snatch the Mona
Lisa from the wall, and walk out with it. The mere notion of trying to steal the painting today would
be unthinkable and surely doomed to failure. But the fact that it was abducted so easily in 1911, and
that 24 hours had elapsed before museum staff noticed it was gone, strongly suggests that it was not
by that point particularly well-visited, let alone regarded as the art world’s most famous object.

One result of the theft was that the Mona Lisa suddenly became the subject of a great deal of
publicity. Thousands of prints of the painting were distributed by the police around Paris in the hope
that someone might recognise it and offer clues as to where it had been taken. The Mona Lisa
appeared on the front pages of newspapers not only in Paris but around Europe, along with accounts
of the police investigations. In some ways, the theft of the object became more notable than the work
of art itself, to the extent that the Louvre found itself with visitors queuing to see the empty space
where the painting had once hung. Although it was far from being the only work of art to have been
the victim of theft, Da Vinci’s masterpiece – with the help of a burgeoning print media – had by that
point transformed into something beyond mere paint on canvas, and was raising questions as to
whether art is something we can appreciate even if it’s not actually present in front of us.

The Mona Lisa would not be rediscovered by the authorities until two more years had passed. While
it was being kept in rather seedy conditions wherever Perruggia happened to be staying, its ability to
inspire people’s imaginations only grew. Whereas some people were no doubt concerned about the
care that the precious antique painting needed to be given, many newspapers continued speculating
as to the whereabouts of the painting, with possible locations ranging from exotic countries to the
secret hideaways of millionaire businesspeople. Amateur detectives formulated their own theories
about where it might be, including – somewhat ludicrously – hidden rooms within the Louvre itself.
Even Pablo Picasso, possibly the most celebrated contemporary artist of the time, was suspected at
one point of being the thief.

Eventually, the Mona Lisa was found somewhat near its point of origin, in Italy. Although
Perruggia’s actual motives for stealing the painting were somewhat opaque, he stated in his trial that
his interests lay not with financial reward, but with returning da Vinci’s work back to the country it
had been stolen from. Not that it ever had been. It was da Vinci himself who had taken it to France.

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Perruggia’s claim struck a chord with the Italian press, however, and the painting was given a tour of
its home country before being settled back in the Louvre.

Soon, there began to be calls for the Mona Lisa to be given its own room in the museum, partly
because it would be more secure, and also because it was now a star exhibit. It had perhaps become
the first work of art that members of the public came not to actually see, but to later claim that they
had seen.

31 What feature of the Mona Lisa does the writer explain in the first paragraph?
A Several people would be happy to pay money for it.
B It is better than anything else painted by Leonardo da Vinci.
C It has achieved an extraordinary level of fame.
D The woman shown in the painting was famous in her time.

32 The writer suggests that the Mona Lisa wasn’t especially popular before 1911 because it
A wasn’t regarded as being a good work of art.
B wasn’t something that people had wanted to own.
C wasn’t a painting that anyone would think about stealing.
D went missing without anyone being aware of it.

33 What reason does the writer give of the Mona Lisa becoming something more than a simple painting?
A People were interested in just looking at a wall.
B Journalists began debating whether or not the Mona Lisa was a good work of art.
C Several copies of the Mona Lisa were produced.
D The Mona Lisa was unusual in that it had been stolen.

34 In the fourth paragraph, what example does the writer give of the Mona Lisa acquiring celebrity status?
A It was being taken around the world.
B It was being associated with real-life celebrities.
C No one imagined that it was being kept in undesirable conditions.
D People were writing detective fiction about it.

35 In the fifth paragraph, the writer claims that

A the Mona Lisa should never have been taken from Italy.
B too many people come to look at the Mona Lisa.
C the Mona Lisa ought to have been better protected.
D we do not know for sure why the Mona Lisa was stolen.

36 What recurring point does the writer make throughout the article?
A The Mona Lisa has always been a famous work of art.
B The Mona Lisa is more than simply another painting.

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C The Mona Lisa should have been better protected.

D More should be done to encourage people to enjoy art.

You are going to read four reviews of a book about running. For questions 37–40, choose from the
reviews (A–D). The reviews may be chosen more than once.

What I talk about when I talk about running

Four reviewers comment on Haruki Murakami’s book
A
The Japanese author Haruki Murakami is perhaps best known for his works of fiction, having been
successfully translated into a large number of languages over the years. And indeed, I’ve long been a
fan of his stories, focusing as they do on melancholy themes, such as loneliness and dealing with
chaos. So, I turned to his non-fiction account of his passion for running with enthusiasm, being a
keen runner myself. Apparently, Murakami attempts to run one marathon every year and dons his
running shoes as often as possible, so he’s clearly no novice in the matter. What sticks in my mind
most are his almost sorrowful descriptions of how he can monitor his own advancing age by how
many extra seconds it takes him to run certain distances, and that no matter how diligently he trains,
or how hard he pushes himself, he will never be able to run as quickly as he once could. Somehow, a
little book on the pleasures of running becomes a moving account of how fleeting our lives are.

B
If, like me, you’re not particularly interested in running, you might resist picking up this book. If, on
the other hand, you’re interested in the mental processes that a writer undergoes, then this might
very well be of value. What Murakami illustrates is that long-distance running, like writing, isn’t
something that someone does naturally. Running, like writing, is about self-discipline and putting in
the hours, developing the essential skills of self-motivation and learning how to ignore that voice in
your head that frequently tells you to quit and do something more comfortable. All of which is
probably the most useful advice that a long-distance runner could hope to get. But for me, this isn’t
really a book about running. It’s somehow a lot deeper than that. And neither is it really a book about
reaching your goals or even working out what those goals ought to be. Rather, it’s about how the only
opponent you often have in your life is yourself.

C
Having spent most of my life training for long-distance running events, and written my own guides
on how to prepare for them, I was naturally attracted to What I talk about when I talk about
running. They do say that you shouldn’t judge a book by its cover, and this would certainly apply
here. Although the book is often entertaining, anyone expecting practical advice about the sport of
running may well find this book quite off-topic and overly philosophical most of the time, and
wondering what – if anything – the writer was hoping to achieve when he embarked on this. It’s true
that he does go into detail about preparing for marathons and tackling triathlon events, but all from
a deeply personal perspective. In all, it’s far more about Haruki Murakami than running, which is
undoubtedly good news for his fans, but less so for anyone hoping to pick up some concrete training
tips.

D
After being recommended this book by several friends who know that I’ve recently taken up running,
I was initially disappointed by the fact that it isn’t particularly concerned with offering the reader
clear and tangible advice. But having read it now, it’s become clear to me that the book treats

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running as a metaphor for life. Like a marathon, life is a long-distance event with moments of pain
and wanting to give up, and often requiring a lot of focus and determination. It’s a book which has
certainly made me think about how important your mental attitude is towards the things you hope to
achieve. And the writer never avoids talking about mental and physical pain, about sadness, and the
doubts and insecurities he sometimes has. One theme throughout the book is the depiction of
running as a lonely, quiet activity – and perhaps it is. This might not be to everyone’s taste, but it
seemed realistic and more worthwhile than trying to convince the reader that long-distance running
is always enjoyable.

Which reviewer
shares reviewer B’s opinion about the real focus of the book?
has a different opinion to the others about the value of the book?
expresses a similar view to reviewer A regarding the tone of the book?
has a different view to reviewer C on the advice given in the book?

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 C1 Advanced End-of-course Test

You are going to read an extract from a magazine article. Six paragraphs have been removed from the
extract. Choose from the paragraphs A–G the one that fits each gap (41–46). There is one extra paragraph
which you do not need to use.

Killer whales
The first time I saw an orca, or killer whale, as these large black-and-white creatures are otherwise
known, was at a large zoo devoted to sea animals. The orca was one of the star attractions and was
made to perform a variety of tricks in a big pool in front of an audience. I remember feeling slightly
uneasy about this since the animal seemed incredibly intelligent and ill-suited to being in captivity. I
also had the impression that this was a sophisticated and friendly-seeming animal, capable of
forming a close bond with its human trainers.

Neither is it an accurate name, despite being known as such for hundreds of years. The orca is not a
whale but is the largest member of the dolphin family. Orcas have been observed chasing and
attacking large whales for hundreds of years, and this is possibly why the term ‘killer whale’ (as a
shortened version of ‘killer of whales’) came about.

Doing this requires quite sophisticated levels of communication between group members. Like
dolphins, they have a system of clicks and whistles. It is also known that different groups (or
families) of orcas seem to have their own unique vocabulary, in perhaps the same way that groups of
humans from different regions do.

Being so intelligent, it seems unlikely that orcas would attack humans without good reason. Even
more unlikely would be the possibility that humans would be at risk from orcas while in boats. After
all, orcas should be smart enough not to waste their time attacking metal objects.

However, this was not an isolated incident. There have been several others, with sailors needing to
send distress calls because of orcas deliberately assaulting their boats. And nor has this been the
work of a single orca gone rogue. In another attack, nine orcas disabled a boat’s engine in what
seemed to be a coordinated attempt to stop it working.

One likely possibility is stress. Certain stretches of water are becoming more polluted, and more
dangerous for marine wildlife due to human activity. There is also growing competition between
humans and orcas in some areas for dwindling supplies of fish.

Perhaps the orcas off the coasts of Spain and Portugal were attempting to send a message.
One thing is for certain: they are certainly intelligent enough to do so. Whether we humans are
intelligent enough to listen, is another matter.

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A The more we understand about orcas’ abilities in this respect, the more apparent it becomes how
intelligent they really are. For example, in one study of orcas in captivity, the creatures were found to be
able to imitate the speech of the humans working alongside them, making sounds which sounded very
similar to ‘hello’ and ‘bye’.
B This is one of the reasons why the name ‘killer whale’ has never felt to me like a very fair one. In fact, there
are plenty of deadly creatures in the animal kingdom, but the orca is the only one which seems to have
had this kind of label attached to it. There are no ‘killer snakes’, for example, even though these reptiles
cause humans far more harm than orcas do, which have very rarely been known to attack humans.
C A third cause would be the noise pollution caused, especially, by ship motors. Often overlooked, compared
to the more obvious problem of plastic pollution, an increase in noise can be very harmful to marine
wildlife. Given that sounds can travel huge distances underwater, and animals such as orcas depend
heavily on sound to navigate beneath the surface of the sea, noise pollution may be a cause of significant
stress.
D The fact that orcas have long been known as hunters of other marine creatures may have given them an
intimidating reputation, but it is this skill which highlights how clever they are. Known as the ‘wolves of the
sea’, orcas do not just hunt alone; they are capable of doing so in packs, collaborating and coordinating
their actions in a variety of ways to get the better of such dangerous and powerful creatures as great white
sharks.
E Behaviour like this is incredibly unusual. Orcas have been known to show curiosity in boats, perhaps
following them or interacting with them in a limited way, but never have groups of these creatures attacked
ships in this way before. This means that there must be a reason for the sudden change in their behaviour.
F So, scientists have been left confused by recent reports of orcas ramming boats off the coasts of Spain
and Portugal. In one attack, an orca hit a 10-metre-long boat 15 times. Needless to say, this resulted in
significant damage to the boat and a great deal of anxiety for the people on board.
G This particular stretch of water may be polluted and noisy, but orcas come here for one particular reason –
a type of fish called the bluefin tuna, which orcas prize as much as humans do. The decline in the
population of this type of tuna has been enough to pit humans and orcas against each other, with
predictable results.

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 C1 Advanced End-of-course Test

You are going to read a magazine article about learning cookery skills. For questions 47–56, choose from
the experts (A–E). The experts may be chosen more than once.

Which expert makes the following statements?

It’s not always possible to find the food you need in stores.
We need to stop believing that it’s necessary to learn how to cook.
Watching other people cook is a useful way to learn the basics.
A lot of food that is available to buy contains things which aren’t healthy.
You can increase the range of things you cook after learning a few basics.
Track down people who can show you how to cook.
Be inventive in the kitchen, rather than doing what someone else has told you to do.
Preparing a meal does not always involve spending time cooking something.
Chefs often only have a limited range of things they can do.
Repeatedly making mistakes is an important part of learning to cook.

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 C1 Advanced End-of-course Test

Learning to prepare your own food

Knowing how to make healthy, nutritious meals is an important skill.
We’ve asked five experts for tips on how to get started.
Expert A
A lot of people don’t know how to cook. It’s a skill that’s often neglected in schools, which is a great
shame. Firstly, it’s a pleasure to be able to cook for yourself (and for others, should you wish). And,
it’s almost certainly healthier and cheaper when you can fend for yourself, rather than rely on
prepared meals stuffed with ingredients designed to prolong the product’s life rather than the
consumer’s. As for myself, until relatively recently, it never occurred to me that cooking was
something that had to be learned. I’d always imagined that it would just come to me instinctively and
that, magically, I’d be able to create nourishing, appetising meals whenever the occasion arose. Well,
that never happened, and in the meantime, I was eating food which routinely made me feel awful.
So, the advice I’d give is to accept that everyone needs to learn how to cook and just start doing it.
Like all skills, it takes practise, no small amount of research, and endless cycles of trial and error.
And above all, accept that you’ll never stop learning.

Expert B
I’ll let you into a little secret. Even the world’s finest chefs don’t know how to cook everything. Just
because a chef can make an exquisite soufflé, it doesn’t mean that he or she will then be able to whip
up a delectable chana masala, too. In fact, the chef may have absolutely no clue as to what a chana
masala is or should be like. In other words, if top chefs tend to specialise, then that’s perfectly
adequate for the rest of us. Learn to cook a relatively small number of dishes – choose the ones you
particularly like, obviously – and develop the ability to make them well. They don’t have to be
complex ones, either. The key thing is the enjoyment you get from eating them. Once you’ve worked
out how to make one or two ‘signature dishes’ (even if it’s just a cheese omelette and a boiled egg),
you can think about expanding your repertoire.

Expert C
The way I learned to cook was by watching my father in the kitchen. Apart from absorbing the notion
that cooking was something that ordinary people could actually do, even if they weren’t trained chefs
(my father was an architect), I picked up a lot of the basic foundations of cooking, without even
thinking about it. Things like what to do with an onion or why you should soak your own beans
before cooking them were all tips I somehow picked up just by watching my father. Not everyone has
someone cooking for them that they can observe, unfortunately, but that’s not to mean that you can’t
learn from seeing what other people do. There are a huge number of videos online, or people making
a name for themselves by offering live cook-along tutorials through their social media accounts. Find
some that you like, and who knows? Maybe one day, someone will be learning to cook by watching
you do it.

Expert D
I don’t know about you, but I’m not a massive fan of most cookery books. Don’t get me wrong –
they’re attractive items to have on a shelf or a kitchen counter, with their glossy, lovingly composed
shots of culinary perfection. The same is true for a lot of cookery TV programmes, with celebrity
chefs effortlessly conjuring up meals that would cost you a fortune if you ordered them in a
restaurant, and often with ingredients that your local supermarket would never stock. But while such
books and shows are great for furthering certain people’s careers, I feel that they demoralise people
in that they give the impression that this is what real cooking is, or ought to be, like. People need to
understand the basics of cooking, but after that, they should feel free to be as creative as they want in
the kitchen and make food that satisfies themselves. Above all, people should feel that cooking isn’t
about following someone else’s rules, but in making up their own.

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Expert E
Somehow, a lot of us feel that to cook meals, we have to be as good as the chefs we see on TV and
that we have to be able to follow recipes. And while I’m not denying that it’s good if we can do those
things, at least some of the time, I’m not sure they should be obligatory. Preparing food isn’t always
about spending hours in a kitchen slaving over a hot stove or finessing the details on some
extravagant dish. There really is nothing wrong with simply cutting up some bread, getting some
salad or cheese out of the fridge, and making a meal out of that. I think that if we escaped the
tyranny of thinking we have to cook all the time, and that we’re inadequate if we don’t, it would go a
long way in making us feel more confident about preparing our own food. So maybe pick that
cookery book up once in a while, but don’t feel that you have to rely on it in order to do something as
fundamental as eat.

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