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5-Basic Operational Concepts, Bus Structures - Performance - Processor Clock-05-01-2024

1. System software is a collection of programs that manage computer resources and allow users to run application programs. 2. It includes compilers that translate programs to machine code, text editors for writing programs, and operating systems that control sharing of computer components like memory and disk space. 3. Operating systems assign resources to programs, move data between memory and storage, and handle input/output operations to allow multiple programs to run concurrently and make efficient use of the computer.

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28 views10 pages

5-Basic Operational Concepts, Bus Structures - Performance - Processor Clock-05-01-2024

1. System software is a collection of programs that manage computer resources and allow users to run application programs. 2. It includes compilers that translate programs to machine code, text editors for writing programs, and operating systems that control sharing of computer components like memory and disk space. 3. Operating systems assign resources to programs, move data between memory and storage, and handle input/output operations to allow multiple programs to run concurrently and make efficient use of the computer.

Uploaded by

kaashvi.desai
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SOFTWARE

Dr.S.Meenatchi, SCORE, VIT, Vellore.


System Software
• Computer must contain some system software in its memory.
• Used to enter and run an application program.
• It is a collection of programs that are executed as needed to perform
functions such as
1. Receiving and interpreting user commands.
2. Entering and editing application programs and storing them as files in
secondary storage devices.
3. Managing the storage and retrieval of files in secondary storage
devices.
4. Running standard application programs such as
1. Word processors
2. Spreadsheets
3. Games, with data supplied by
Dr.S.Meenatchi, the
SCORE, user
VIT, Vellore.
System Software cont..
5. Controlling 1/O units to receive input information and produce output
results.
6. Translating programs from source form into object form.
7. Linking and running user-written application programs with existing
standard library routines, such as numerical computation packages.
• System software is responsible for coordination of all activities in a
computing system.

Dr.S.Meenatchi, SCORE, VIT, Vellore.


Basic Aspects of System Software
• Compiler
• System software program.
• Translates high-level language program into a suitable machine
language program containing instructions such as Add and Load.
• Application programs are usually written in a high-level programming
language, such as C, C++, Java, or Fortran.
• Programmer need not know the details of machine language instructions.

Dr.S.Meenatchi, SCORE, VIT, Vellore.


Basic Aspects of System Software
• Text editor
• System software program.
• Used for entering and editing application programs.
• User interactively executes commands that allow statements of a source
program entered at a keyboard to be accumulated in a file.
• A file is a sequence of alphanumeric characters or binary data that is
stored in memory or in secondary storage.
• A file can be referred to by a name chosen by the user.

Dr.S.Meenatchi, SCORE, VIT, Vellore.


Basic Aspects of System Software
• Operating system (OS)
• Large system software program.
• It is a collection of routines.
• Used to control the sharing of and interaction among various computer
units as they execute application programs.
• To assign computer resources to individual application programs, OS
routines perform the following tasks:
1. Assign memory and magnetic disk space to program and data files,
2. Move data between memory and disk units
3. Handle I/O operations.

Dr.S.Meenatchi, SCORE, VIT, Vellore.


Ex: User Program and OS Sharing Processor
• Consider a system with one processor, one disk, and one printer.
• Steps involved in running one application program.
• Assume that application program has been compiled and stored on disk.
1. First step is to transfer this file into the memory.
2. When the transfer is complete, execution is started.
• Assume that part of the program’s task involves
• Reading a data file from disk into memory,
• Performing some computation on the data, and
• Printing the results.

Dr.S.Meenatchi, SCORE, VIT, Vellore.


How Control Passes Between Program and OS
• When execution reaches the point where the data file is needed, program
requests OS to transfer the data file from disk to memory.
• OS performs this task and passes execution control back to application
program, which then proceeds to perform the required computation.
• When computation is completed and results are ready to be printed,
application program again sends a request to OS.
• OS routine is then executed to cause the printer to print the results.

Dr.S.Meenatchi, SCORE, VIT, Vellore.


Time-line diagram: Sharing of Processor Execution Time
• During time period t0 to t1, OS initiates loading
application program from disk to memory,
waits until the transfer is completed, and then
passes execution control to application
program.
• A similar pattern of activity occurs during
period
• t2 to t3, OS transfers data file from disk to
application program.
• t4 to t5, OS cause the printer to print the
results.
• At t5, OS may load and execute another
application program. Dr.S.Meenatchi, SCORE, VIT, Vellore.
Multiprogramming or Multitasking
• OS manages concurrent execution of more than one application program at
the same time to make the best possible use of computer resources.
• Computer resources can be used more efficiently if several application
programs are to be processed.
• Notice that disk and processor are idle during most of the time period t4 to
t5.
• OS can load next program to be executed into memory from disk while
printer is printing.
• Similarly, during t0 to t1, OS can arrange to print previous program’s results
while current program is being loaded from disk.

Dr.S.Meenatchi, SCORE, VIT, Vellore.

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