Functions

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 Functions
• A function is a block of code which only runs when it is called.
• You can pass data, known as parameters, into a function.
• A function can return data as a result.
• The idea is, to put some commonly or repeatedly done task
together and make a function, so that instead of writing the same
code again and again for different inputs, we can call the function.
• Functions provide better modularity for your application and a high
degree of code reusing.
• As our program grows larger and larger, functions make it more
organized and manageable.

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 Syntax to write function
def function_name(parameters):
"""docstring"""
statement(s)

• Above shown is a function definition which consists of following components.

– Keyword def marks the start of function header.
– A function name to uniquely identify it. Function naming follows the same rules of writing
identifiers in Python.
– Parameters (arguments) through which we pass values to a function. They are optional.
– A colon (:) to mark the end of function header.
– Optional documentation string (docstring) to describe what the function does.
– One or more valid python statements that make up the function body. Statements must have
same indentation level (usually 4 spaces).
– An optional return statement to return a value from the function.

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 Defining and Calling a function
• Creating / Defining Function
– In Python a function is defined using the def keyword Jump on
the
def my_function(): function
print("Hello from a function") call
def my_function():

• Calling a Function print("Hello from a function")

-----------
--------- Return
---------- after
my_function() function
-----------
my_function() call
Print(“done with the function”)

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 Parameters
• Information can be passed to functions as parameter.
• Parameters are specified after the function name, inside the parentheses. You can
add as many parameters as you want, just separate them with a comma.

def greet(name): # Function Call

"""This function greets to the person passed greet(“Paul”)
in as parameter"""
print("Hello, " + name + ". Good morning!") Hello, Paul. Good morning!

def evenOdd( x ):
# Function Call
if (x % 2 == 0):
evenOdd(3)
print "even"
evenOdd(4)
else:
print "odd" odd
even
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 Passing Parameters

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 Call by value/Call by reference

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 Call by value / call by reference
• Changes made to a parameter value within the function do not
affect the argument
– Known as pass by value
– Provides a way for unidirectional communication between one
function and another function
• Calling function can communicate with called function

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 Call by value / call by reference

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 Default Parameter Value
• def my_function(country = "Norway"):
print("I am from " + country)
my_function("Sweden")
my_function("India")
my_function()
my_function("Brazil")

• ___________________________
• I am from Sweden
I am from India
I am from Norway
I am from Brazil

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 Passing a List as a Parameter
• def my_function(food):
for x in food:
print(x)
fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
my_function(fruits)
• ___________________________________
• apple
banana
cherry

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 Return Values
• def my_function(x):
• return 5 * x

• print(my_function(3))
• print(my_function(5))
• print(my_function(9))
• _______________________________________
• 15
25
45
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 Recursion
• Python also accepts function • def tri_recursion(k):
• if(k>0): Recursion
recursion, which means a Example
• result = k+tri_recursion(k-1) Results
defined function can call itself. • print(result) 1
• Recursion is a common • else: 3
6
mathematical and programming • result = 0 10
concept. It means that a function • return result 15
21
calls itself. This has the benefit of
• print("\n\nRecursion Example Results")
meaning that you can loop • tri_recursion(6)
through data to reach a result.

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 Try
• WAP for Fibonacci series • WAP to find factorial of a
number.

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 Lambda
• A lambda function is a small anonymous • x = lambda a: a + 10
function. • print(x(5))
• A lambda function can take any number of • ________________
arguments, but can only have one • 15
expression.
• lambda arguments : expression
• def myfunc(n):
• return lambda a : a * n

• mydoubler = myfunc(2)

• print(mydoubler(11))
• ________________________
• 22

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 Programs
1. Python program to remove Nth occurrence of the given word.
Input: list - ["can", "you", "can", "a", "can" "?"]
word = can, N = 1
Output: list - ["you", "can", "a", "can" "?"]
2. Python program for Reversing a List.
3. Program to display the Fibonacci sequence up to n-th term where
n is provided by the user (with using recursion)
4. WAP to count no of vowels in a string .
5. Python Program to Check if a String is a Palindrome or Not.
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def Reverse(lst):
new_lst = lst[::-1]
return new_lst

lst = [10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15]

print(Reverse(lst))

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# Python code to illustrate cube of a number showing
difference between def() and lambda().
• def cube(y):
• return y*y*y;
•
• g = lambda x: x*x*x
• print(g(7))
•
• print(cube(5))

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