Chp-11 ansrs 178-210.

qxd 26/5/04 4:30 pm Page 194

194 Answers

EXERCISE 6C
1 (a) 266–516 days; (b) 0.1.

2 (a) (i) 2640–3080 hours, (ii) 139;

(b) (i) Some uncertainty as sample is small,
(ii) No problem as sample is large;
(c) Some doubt as if standard deviation is 300, the sample range is
only about 1.5 standard deviations (or estimated standard
deviation only 184).

3 (a) (i) 193.1–200.1 g, (ii) 195.1–198.1 g;

(b) (i) 0.05, (ii) 0.05;
(c) 0.02.

4 (a) 925–1092 days;

(b) No substantial evidence of any difference;
(c) 167; (d) 75.8; (e) 20.

5 (a) 46.8–49.4 hours; (b) 2.67;

(c) 85.8%; (d) 0.142.

6 (a) 311–943 ml;

(b) (i) Distribution appears skew (3 zeros),
(ii) amount cannot be negative;
(c) (i) 926–994 ml,
(ii) large sample → mean normally distributed,
(iii) first day unlikely to be typical/night shift may differ from day
shift.

7 (a) (i) 496.7–500.5 g, (ii) 497.4–499.8 g;

(b) (i) (A) 0.8; (B) 0.15, (ii) 0.19.

8 (a) 36.3–60.5;
(b) (i) 46.42–52.58, (ii) 17.2–81.8;
(c) Evidence mean exceeds 25, but some individuals will score less
than 25;
(d) Interval narrower, no need for normal assumption;
(e) Both samples random so confidence interval valid. Estimate better
but not much.

7 Correlation
EXERCISE 7A
1 (a) (i) Yes, (ii) Yes, (iii) No;
(b) (i) No – all points do not lie on the same line,
(ii) Yes – weak, negative correlation is evident,
(iii) No – 1  r  1 so r  1.2 is impossible.
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Answers 195

2 Answers to this question are approximate.

(i) 0.9;
(ii) 0.3;
(iii) 0.85;
(iv) 0.

3 (a) and (b) (i) y (ii) y

r 0.994

50 50

25 r1 25

0 0
0 3 6 9 12 x 0 3 6 9 12 x

(iii) y (iv) y

5 40

20 r0
r0
0 0
0 5 x 0 4 8 12 x

4 (b) x  56.9, y  27.7;

(c) Sxx  16 570.929, Syy  3568.8571
r  0.880.
(a) and (b)
Graph of lichen diameter against age
x
60

40
Diameter
(mm)
y
20

0
0 50 100 150
Age (years)
Chp-11 ansrs 178-210.qxd 26/5/04 4:30 pm Page 196

196 Answers

5 (a) Graph of length against temperature

120

116

112

Length
(cm)

108

104

100

15 20 25 30 35 40
Temperature (°C)
(b) r  0.949.
(c) Discard (24, 100.6)) → new r  0.996.
It appears there is an almost exact linear relationship once (24,
100.6) is removed. However, even when including this point the fit
was very good.
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Answers 197

6 (a) Graph of score against number produced

7.2

6.4

Score

5.6

4.8

10 20 30
Number of items produced

(b) r  0.610;
(c) The data appear to show that the owner’s belief is incorrect as
there is weak positive correlation. However, if the data were
divided into two groups, the owner’s belief may be true as the
experienced craftsmen (2, 4, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14 perhaps) may produce
higher quality goods, but this quality may deteriorate if rushed.
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198 Answers

7 (a) Graph of total amount spent against

amount spent on sport

60

55
Total
amount
spent
(£)

50

45

0 5 10 15
Amount spent on sport (£)

(b) r  0.824;
(c) It appears appropriate since the data seem to follow a linear
relationship. Since x is part of y, it might be better to examine
relationship of x with y x.

8 (b) r  0.937;
(c) Calculations seem inappropriate as a clear non-linear relationship
is seen – despite high value of r.

9 (a) r  0.798;
(b) r  0.817;
(c) Both values for r show fairly strong negative correlation indicating
(a) higher heart value function links to lower baldness and (b)
higher hours of TV links to lower heart function.
(d) Data does not provide evidence for a causal link between watching
TV and any effect on heart function. There may be a separate
factor which is linked to both number of hours watching TV and
heart function.