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Example 1

This document provides an example wind load calculation for a rectangular building with a pitched roof. It calculates the design wind speed, wind pressure, and pressure coefficients as follows: 1) The design wind speed is calculated to be 44.42 m/s based on the basic wind speed, probability factor, terrain category, and other site-specific factors. 2) The design wind pressure at a height of 10m is calculated to be 1183.88 N/m2 based on the design wind speed and air density. 3) The pressure coefficients are calculated based on the roof geometry and possible internal and external pressure coefficients. The highest net pressure coefficient of -1.4 is used to calculate the maximum

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Pagal Kumar
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52 views

Example 1

This document provides an example wind load calculation for a rectangular building with a pitched roof. It calculates the design wind speed, wind pressure, and pressure coefficients as follows: 1) The design wind speed is calculated to be 44.42 m/s based on the basic wind speed, probability factor, terrain category, and other site-specific factors. 2) The design wind pressure at a height of 10m is calculated to be 1183.88 N/m2 based on the design wind speed and air density. 3) The pressure coefficients are calculated based on the roof geometry and possible internal and external pressure coefficients. The highest net pressure coefficient of -1.4 is used to calculate the maximum

Uploaded by

Pagal Kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Wind Load Calculation

Example 1.
A rectangular-clad building with having pitched roof and
located in a farm.

Height = 3.5 m
Width (w) = 10.0 m (excluding the overhangs)
Length = 18.0 m
Roof angle (a) 5° Overhang 0.5 m
Openings on sides: 10 percent of wall area
External surface of walls: Smooth
Flat ground
Wind Data
Wind zone : 3 (Basic wind speed =47m/s)
Terrain category: 1
Fig 1. A rectangular-clad building with a pitched roof
Class of structure: A
Step 1. Design Wind Speed

𝑉𝑧 = 𝑉𝑏 𝑘1 𝑘2 𝑘3 𝑘4

Vb = The basic wind speed (Vb) for any site shall be obtained from Fig. 1 (IS 875 Part 3)

𝑉𝑧 = 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛 𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑡 ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑧, 𝑖𝑛 𝑚/𝑠;


Vb = 47 m/s
𝑘1 = 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑘 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑒𝑒 6.3.1 ; k1 = 0.90 (Farm Building) [Table 1]
k2 = 1.05 [Table 2]
𝑘2 = 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑔ℎ𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑒𝑒 6.3.2 ;
k3 = 1.00 for site upwind slope
𝑘3 = 𝑡𝑜𝑝𝑜𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑝ℎ𝑦 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑒𝑒 6.3.3 ; less than 3° (Flat Ground)
k4=1
𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑘4 = 𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑖𝑐 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑖𝑜𝑛 (𝑠𝑒𝑒 6.3.4).

Hence Vz = 47 X 0.9X 1.05 X 1.0 X 1.0 = 44.42m/s


Step 2. Design Wind Pressure at 10 m height

𝑝𝑧 = 0.6 𝑉𝑧2

1
𝜌𝑧 = 𝜌𝑉𝑧 2
2
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒,
𝜌 = 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑖𝑟 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑖𝑡𝑠 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑖𝑠 1.2 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3.

where pz = wind pressure at height z, in N/m2 ;


and Vz = design wind speed at height z, in m/s

𝝆𝒛 = 𝟎. 𝟔 𝟒𝟒. 𝟒𝟐 𝟐 = 𝟏𝟏𝟖𝟑. 𝟖𝟖 𝑵/𝒎𝟐


Step 3. Pressure Coefficients

𝐹 = (𝐶𝑝𝑒 – 𝐶𝑝𝑖) 𝐴 𝑝𝑑

𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝐶𝑝𝑒 = 𝑒𝑥𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡,

𝐶𝑝𝑖 =
𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡,

𝐴 = 𝑆𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑟 𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡,

𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑝𝑑 = 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛 𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒.

𝐈𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐧𝐚𝐥 𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝒄𝒐𝒆𝒇𝒇𝒊𝒄𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒕 (𝑪𝒑𝒊)


Since openings are given as 5-20 percent of the wall areas, the value of 𝐶𝑝𝑖 = ± 0.5

The sign will depend on the direction of flow of air relative to the side of openings.
External 𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝒄𝒐𝒆𝒇𝒇𝒊𝒄𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒕 (𝑪𝒑𝒆)
External Pressure Coefficients on Roof:

The Cpe for various sectors of the roof excluding the overhangs (Table 6)

3.5
For h/𝑤 = = 0.35, 𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑐ℎ 𝑖𝑠 < 0.5
10
Pressure Coefficients for Overhang

External pressure coefficients are recommended as equivalent to nearby local pressure coefficients

−1.4, (0°)
Thus 𝐶𝑝𝑒 = ቊ
−1.2, (90°)

Design Pressure Coefficients on Roof (External)

CP(net) = Cpe – Cpi, are calculated for cladding (local pressure coefficients are given separately).
The Cp calculations are summarized as follows:
𝑰𝒇 𝑪𝒑𝒊 𝑰𝒇 𝑪𝒑𝒊 = −𝟎. 𝟓;
= +𝟎. 𝟓;
When 𝜃 = 0° When 𝜃 = 0°

𝐶𝑝(𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐸 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐹) = −0.9 − (0.5) = −1.4 𝐶𝑝(𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐸 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐹) = −0.9 − (−0.5) = −0.4

𝐶𝑝(𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐺 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐻) = −0.4 − (0.5) = −0.9 𝐶𝑝 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐺 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐻 = −0.4 − −0.5 = +0.1

Where, 𝜃 = 90° Where, 𝜃 = 90°

𝐶𝑝(𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐸 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐺) = −0.8 − (0.5) = −1.3 𝐶𝑝(𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐸 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐺) = −0.8 − (−0.5) = −0.3

𝐶𝑝(𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐹 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐻) = −0.4 − (0.5) = −0.9 𝐶𝑝 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐹 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐻 = −0.4 − −0.5 = + 0.1

The wind may come from either direction and the opening may be on any side, hence the highest Cp
value for all zones of cladding is considered as –1.4 outward and + 0.1 inward. The design will have to
be checked for both these pressures.
Design Pressure Coefficients on Roof

Cp, local is negative everywhere. Depending on wind


direction Cpi can be +ve or –ve. A positive value of Cpi
will increase Cp (net), which is to be considered for
calculation of wind loads. The values of local Cp are
summarized in Figure.

Force per unit area for roof when


𝐹 = −1.4 × 1.0 × 1183.88 = – 1657.43 𝑁/𝑚2

𝐹 = 0.1 × 1.0 × 1183.88 = 118.3 𝑁/𝑚2

𝐹 = (𝐶𝑝𝑒 – 𝐶𝑝𝑖) 𝐴 𝑝𝑧
Cp for Roof

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