CHEMISTRY PRACTICAL :

EXPERIMENT NO. 1

AIM : Prepare 100 ml of M/40 solution of oxalic acid. Using this solution, find out strength and
normality of the given potassium permanganate solution.

APPARATUS:

Burette, pipette, stand, conical flask, burner, beaker, match stick etc.

CHEMICALS:

Oxalic acid, potassium permanganate solution( KMnO4) , dilute sulphuric acid ,distilled water etc.

Theory
Potassium permanganate is a strong oxidising agent and in the presence of sulfuric acid it acts
as a powerful oxidising agent. In acidic medium the oxidising ability of KMnO4 is represented by
the following equation.
In acidic solution,
MnO4– + 8H+ + 5e– → Mn2+ + 4H2O
Solution containing MnO4– ions are purple in colour and the solution containing Mn2+ ions are
colourless and hence permanganate solution is decolourised when added to a solution of a
reducing agent. The moment there is an excess of potassium permanganate present the solution
becomes purple. Thus, KMnO4 serves as self indicator in acidic solution.

CHEMICAL EQUATIONS:
Overall reaction:- 2KMnO4 + 3H2SO4 + 5(COOH)2 → K2SO4 + 2MnSO4 + 8H2O + 10CO2↑
IONIC EQUATION:
Overall Ionic reaction:- 2MnO4– + 16H+ + 5C2O42- → 2Mn2+ + 10CO2 + 8H2O

Procedure:

1. Weigh 3.15g of oxalic acid accurately and dissolve them in water to prepare 100 ml of
M/40 oxalic acid solution using100 mL volumetric flask.
2. Rinse the pipette with the M/40 oxalic acid solution and pipette out 10 mL of it in a washed
conical flask.
3. Rinse the burette with the potassium permanganate solution and fill the burette with
potassium permanganate solution.
4. Fix the burette in the burette stand and place the white tile below the burette in order to
find the end point correctly.
5. Add a test tube full of sulphuric acid in order to prevent oxidation of manganese to form
manganese dioxide.
6. Heat the mixture upto 60oC before titrating with potassium permanganate.
 7. Note down the initial reading in the burette before starting the titration.
8. The hot solution is titrated against potassium permanganate solution and simultaneously
swirl the solution in the flask gently.
9. Initially the purple colour of KMnO4 is discharged with oxalic acid. The appearance of
permanent pink colour reveals the end point.
10. Repeat the titration until concordant values are obtained.
11. Note down the upper meniscus on the burette readings. Record the reading in the
observation table given below in order to calculate the molarity of KMnO4 given.

Observation:

S.No Volume of oxalic acid in ml Burette Reading Volume(V) of KMnO4 used

V = (y-x)ml

Initial(x) Final(y)

1 10 0 10.4 10.4

2 10 0 10.5 10.5

3 10 0 10.5 10.5

Concordant value: 10.5 mL

Calculations:
FORMULA: a1M1V1 = a2M2V2
Where a1 and a2 are stoichiometric coefficient of oxalic acid and KMnO4 in a balanced chemical
equation.
a1 = 2 a2 = 5
M2 and M1 are molarities of potassium permanganate and oxalic acid solutions used in the
titration.
V2 and V1 are the volume of potassium permanganate and oxalic acid solutions used in the
titration.
KMnO4 = Oxalic acid
5M2V2 = 2M1V1
M2 = (2M1V1/5M2V2)
M2 = 2X0.025 X10 /10.5
=0.0095 M

The strength of KMnO4 is calculated by using the molarity.

Strength = Molarity x Molar mass
=0.0095X158
=1.504 g/L

Results

1. Molarity of KMnO4 is 0.0095M

2. The Strength of KMnO4 is 1.504 g/L
EXPERIMENT NO. 2

AIM: Prepare 0.05 M solution of Ferrous Ammonium Sulfate.Using this solutionfind out molarity
and strength of the given KMnO4 solution.

Apparatus : Burette, pipette, stand, conical flask, burner, beaker etc.

Chemicals : Mohrs salt, potassium permanganate solution( KMnO4) , dilute sulphuric acid
,distilled water etc.

Theory
In this titration Mohr salt acts as a reducing agent and potassium permanganate acts as an
oxidising agent. So, the reaction between Mohr’s salt and potassium permanganate is a redox
reaction. In this redox reaction, ferrous ion from Mohr’s salt gets oxidised and pink coloured of
manganese present in potassium permanganate, which is in the +7 oxidation state gets reduced
to colourless Mn2+ state.

Chemical Reaction:
2KMnO4 + 10FeSO4(NH4)2SO4.6H2O+ 8H2SO4 → K2SO4+ 2MnSO4+ 5Fe2(SO4)3+ 10(NH4)2SO4+
68H2O
Ionic Equation:
Overall ionic equation – MnO4– + 8H+ + 5Fe2+ → Mn2+ + 5Fe3+ + 4H2O

Procedure:
(a) Preparation of 0.05M standard solution of ferrous ammonium sulfate:

1. Weigh an empty watch glass using a chemical balance.

2. Weigh accurately 4.9gm of Mohr’s salt in a chemical balance.
3.
4. With the help of a funnel, transfer the Mohr’s salt into the measuring flask.
5. Now wash the funnel with distilled water without removing the funnel from the flask.
6. Make the solution up to the marked point with distilled water and make sure the Mohr’s
salt is fully dissolved.
7. This solution is 0.05N standard solution of Mohr’s salt.

(b) Titration of potassium permanganate solution against standard ferrous ammonium sulfate
(Mohr’s salt) solution:

1. Wash and rinse the burette and pipette with distilled water and then rinse with the
corresponding solution to be filled in them.
2. Rinse the burette with the potassium permanganate solution and fill the burette with
potassium permanganate solution.
3. Fix the burette in the burette stand and place the white tile below the burette in order to
find the endpoint correctly.
4. Rinse the pipette and conical flask with standard ferrous sulfate solution.
5. Pipette out 10ml of 0.05N standard Mohr’s salt solution into the conical flask.
 6. Add a test tube full of sulfuric acid in order to prevent oxidation of manganese to form
manganese dioxide.
7. Note down the initial reading in the burette before starting the titration.
8. Now start the titration, titrate against potassium permanganate solution and
simultaneously swirl the solution in the flask gently.
9. Initially, the purple colour of KMnO4 is discharged with ferrous ammonium sulfate. The
appearance of a permanent pink colour reveals the endpoint.
10. Repeat the titration until concordant values are obtained.
11. Note down the upper meniscus on the burette readings.
12. Record the reading in the observation table given below in order to calculate the molarity
of KMnO4 given.

Observations:

S.No Volume of mohr salt in ml Burette Reading Volume(V) of KMnO4 used

V = (y-x)ml

Initial(x) Final(y)

1 20 0 9 9

2 20 0 8.5 8.5

3 20 0 8.5 8.5

Calculations
(a) Normality of KMnO4 solution:
M1V1 = M2V2

 M1, M2 are molarity of Mohr’s salt and KMnO4 solution respectively.

 V1, V2 are volumes of Mohr’s salt and KMnO4 respectively.
 Consider y ml of given KMnO4 solution is equivalent to 20ml of N/10 Mohr’s salt solution.
 1/10 x 20 = M2 x y
 M2 = 2/y
M2 = M1 X V1/ V2
=2/10 X 0.05 X 20 /8.5
=0.0235 M
(b) Strength of KMnO4 solution:
Strength = Normality x Equivalent mass
= 0.0235 X158
=3.713 g/L
Results

1. Molarity of given KMnO4 solution is 0.0235 moles/liter

2. The strength of given potassium permanganate solution is 3.713 g/L