The Indian State of Karnataka is located between 11°30' North and 18°30' North latitudes and

between 74° East and 78°30' East longitude.It is situated on a tableland where the Western
Ghats and Eastern Ghats converge into the complex, in the western part of the Deccan
Peninsular region of India. The State is bounded by Maharashtra and Goa States in the north
and northwest; by the Lakshadweep Sea in the west; by Kerala in the south-west and Tamil
Nadu in the south and south-east, Andhra Pradesh in the south-east and east and Telangana in
the north-east. Karnataka extends to about 850 km (530 mi) from north to south and about
450 km (280 mi) from east to west.Karnataka is situated in the Deccan Plateau and is
bordered by the Arabian Sea to the west, Goa to the northwest, Maharashtra to the
north, Andhra Pradesh to the southeast and east, Telangana to the east, Tamil Nadu to the
south and southeast, and Kerala to the southwest. It is situated at the angle where the Western
Ghats and Eastern Ghats of South India converge into the Nilgiri hills.
The highest point in Karnataka is the Mullayanagiri hill in Chikkamagaluru district which
has an altitude of 1,929 metres (6,329 ft) above sea level.[1]The coastal plains, called
the Karavali area lies between the Western Ghats and the Arabian Sea. The Karavali are
lowlands, with moderate to high rainfall levels. This strip is around 320 km (200 mi) in
length and 48–64 km (30–40 mi) wide.The Western Ghats, called Malenadu, is a mountain
range running parallel to the Arabian Sea trending NNW-SSE, rising to about 900 m
(3,000 ft) average height with some peaks over 1,000 m (3,300 ft) above sea leavel. The
mountain rage is around 40 km (25 mi) wide and with moderate to high rainfall
levels.The Deccan Plateau, called Bayalu Seeme, comprising the main inland region of the
state, with an average elevation of 650 m (2,130 ft) above sea level. The plateau is relatively
dry and verging on the semi-arid. The plateau is scattered with narrow ridges, and hills of
schistose rock and granitic boulders. Karnataka is divided into four distinct
regions—the coastal plain, the hill ranges (the Western Ghats),
the Karnataka Plateau to the east, and the black-soil tract to the
northwest To the east of the coastal plain, the Western Ghats rise
sharply to reach an average elevation of 2,500 to 3,000 feet (750 to
900 metres). The upland terrain of the Ghats is known as Malnad.
dryKarnataka experiences four seasons. The winter in January and February is followed by
summer between March and May, the monsoon season between June and September and the
post-monsoon season from October till December. Meteorologically, Karnataka is divided
into three zones – coastal, north interior and south interior. Of these, the coastal zone receives
the heaviest rainfall with an average rainfall of about 3,638.5 mm (143 in) per annum, far in
excess of the state average of 1,139 mm (45 in). Amagaon in Khanapura taluka of Belgaum
district received 10,068 mm (396 in) of rainfall in 2010.[68] In 2014 Kokalli in Sirsi
taluka of Uttara Kannada district received 8,746 mm (344 in) of rainfall.
[69]
Agumbe in Thirthahalli taluka and Hulikal of Hosanagara taluka in Shimoga district were
the rainiest cities in Karnataka, situated in one of the wettest regions in the world.[70]The state
is projected to warm about 2.0 °C (4 °F) by 2030. The monsoon is set to provide less rainfall.
Agriculture in Karnataka is mostly rainfed as opposed to irrigated, making it highly
vulnerable to expected changes in the monsoon.[71] The highest recorded temperature was
45.6 °C (114 °F) in Raichuru district. The lowest recorded temperature was 2.8 °C (37 °F)
at Bidar dis
Tribes of Karnataka are represented with a blend of culture, religion and ethnicity. These tribes of
Karnataka have built their settlements in several hilly and mountainous areas. Kannada language is the
main language. Several other tribal communities of Karnataka possess their distinct tradition and
ethnicity. Some of them are also reckoned as being originated from the warrior
race. Fairs and festivals too are an integral part of the culture of and tradition of the state of Karnataka.

Different Tribes of Karnataka-The tribes of Karnataka are also known for their costumes, cultural
habits, folk dances and songs, foods and their way of celebrating different festivals and occasions. The
long list of the tribes of Karnataka state includes Bedar tribe, Toda tribe, Hakkipikki tribe, Jenu
Kuruba tribe, Kadu Kuruba tribe, Kattunayakan tribe, Konda Kapus tribe, Sholaga tribe, etc.
Kadu Kuruba Tribe: Kadu Kuruba tribe is one of the significant tribes who have got the rich tradition of
worshiping stone and also their predecessors with lots of festivity and enthusiasm.Kattunayakan Tribe:
Apart from these tribal groups, the Kattunayakan tribe is said to be the descendants of the Pallavas.
Collection of food is one of the chief professional activities of the Kattunayakan tribes who also have got
inclination to religious values and ethnicity.Konda Kapus Tribe: Konda Kapus tribe falls in the list of the
scheduled tribes in the whole of the Indian subcontinent exulting in its culture and tradition.Sholaga
Tribe: Another important tribal group, Sholaga tribe has a belonging to the Kannada group. They are the
followers of Hindu religion. Moreover, the wonderful houses, good clothes, ennobled language has drawn
the attention of many people towards the tradition of this tribal community. These tribes have added
multiplicity in the tradition and culture of Karnataka.Toda Tribe: Toda Tribe is the most ancient and
unusual tribe of Nilgiri Hills. They have their own language and own secretive customs and regulations.
The name ‘Toda’ is derived from the word ‘tud’, a sacred tree of the Todas. It is an ancient tribe which
had been cut off from mainstream and developing tribes a long time back.

Karnataka follows a three tier rural public health infrastructure–

primary, secondary and tertiary. At the primary level of health system
the state has Sub-Centres, Primary Health Centres and Community
Health Centres. At the secondary level there are the District Hospitals.
At the tertiary level the health system in Karnataka has medical colleges
and speciality hospitals.According to the available data, Karnataka has a
network of more than:2,346 Primary Health Centres 326 Community
Health Centres,8,871 Sub-centres.There are 176 Government hospitals
in the state that provide free treatment to the people. The sub-centres
perform tasks linked to components of primary healthcare. They are
required to carry out tasks related to interpersonal communication in
areas like maternal and child health, immunization, nutrition, family
welfare, diarrhoea control and control of communicable diseases. Sub-
centres are equipped with basic drugs needed for treating minor illnesses
of general public. Community health centres in Karnataka.The community health
centres in Karnataka provide referral as well as specialist healthcare to
the rural population. The community health centres act as Block level
health administrative units as well as points for referrals to advanced
level of medical facilities.Each community health centre is managed by
medical specialists like surgeon, physician, gynaecologist and
paediatrician. These specialists are supported by paramedical and other
staff. The community health centres are hospitals that are equipped with
OT, X-ray, labour room and laboratory facilities. These centres are also
equipped with facilities for obstetric care and specialist consultations.
The Karnataka Legislative Assembly, formerly the Mysore Legislative Assembly or Mysore
Representative Assembly, is the lower house of the bicameral legislature of the southern Indian state
of Karnataka. Karnataka is one of the six states in India where the state legislature is bicameral, comprising
two houses: the Vidhan Sabha (lower house) and the Vidhan Parishad (upper house).[2] [3] There are 224
Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs) and are directly elected by people through adult franchise.
Karnataka is thus divided into 224 constituencies to elect members to the Assembly, each constituency
electing one member. The assembly is elected using the simple plurality or "first past the post" electoral
system. The elections are conducted by the Election Commission of India.
The normal term of the members lasts for five years. In case of death, resignation, or disqualification of a
member, a by-election is conducted for constituency represented by the member. The party, or coalition
which has the majority becomes the ruling party.

Karnataka/Governor Thawar Chand GehlotSince 2021.

Karnataka/Chief ministerSiddaramaiahSince 2023.

Bangalore, officially known as Bengaluru, is the Capital of the Indian State of Karnataka . It has a
population of over ten million, making it a megacity and the Third populous City and 5th most populous
urban agglomeration in India. It is located in Southern India on the Deccan Pleteau . Its elevation is over
900 m (3,000 ft) above sea level, the highest of India’s major cities.
A succession of South Indian dynasties, the Western Gangas, the Cholas and the Hoysalas, ruled the
present region of Bangalore until in 1537 CE, Kempé Gowdā – a feudal ruler under the Vijayanagara
Empire – established a mud fort considered to be the foundation of modern Bangalore. In 1638,
the Marāthās conquered and ruled Bangalore for almost 50 years, after which the Mughals captured and
sold the city to the Mysore Kingdom of the Wadiyar dynasty. It was captured by the British after victory in
the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War (1799), who returned administrative control of the city to the Maharaja of
Mysore. The old city developed in the dominions of the Maharaja of Mysore and was made capital of
the Princely State of Mysore, which existed as a nominally sovereign entity of the British Raj.In 1809, the
British shifted their cantonment to Bangalore, outside the old city, and a town grew up around it, which
was governed as part of British India. Following India’s independence in 1947, Bangalore became the
capital of Mysore State, and remained capital when the new Indian state of Karnataka was formed in 1956.
The two urban settlements of Bangalore – city and cantonment – which had developed as independent
entities merged into a single urban centre in 1949. The existing Kannada name, Bengalūru, was declared
the official name of the city in 2006.
Bangalore is sometimes referred to as the “Silicon Valley of India” (or “IT capital of India”) because of its
role as the nation’s leading information technology (IT) exporter. Indian technological
organisations ISRO, Infosys, Wipro and HAL are headquartered in the city.