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Circular Functions and Its Graphs Week 5

This document covers circular functions and their graphs. It defines amplitude, period, phase shift, and vertical shift. Standard forms are given for

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ellamay050921
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33 views

Circular Functions and Its Graphs Week 5

This document covers circular functions and their graphs. It defines amplitude, period, phase shift, and vertical shift. Standard forms are given for

Uploaded by

ellamay050921
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Circular Functions and its Graphs

Pre-Calculus Quarter 2 - Week 5


Recalling:
The x and y coordinates for
each point along the circle
may be determined by
reading off the values on the
x and y axes picturing a right
triangle with one side along
the x-axis:
SOH-CAH-TOA
Domain and Range of
Circular Functions
Domain and Range of Sine and Cosine
▪ Thedomain of cos 𝜃 = 𝑥 and sin 𝜃 = 𝑦 is the Set
of Real Numbers.

▪ The range of cos 𝜃 = 𝑥 and sin 𝜃 = 𝑦 is both


[-1,1].
Domain and Range of Tangent and Secant
𝑦 1
▪ The domain of tan 𝜃 = and sec 𝜃 = is
𝑥 𝑥

𝑦
range of tan 𝜃 =
▪ The is the Set of Real
𝑥
Numbers.
1
▪ The range of sec 𝜃 = is
𝑥
Domain and Range of Cotangent and
Cosecant
𝑥 1
▪ The domain of c𝑜𝑡 𝜃 = and csc 𝜃 = is
𝑦 𝑦

𝑥
▪ The range of cot 𝜃 = is the Set of Real Numbers.
𝑦
1
▪ The range of sec 𝜃 = is
𝑥
GRAPHS OF CIRCULAR
FUNCTIONS
Introduction:
We already know that the values of sin 𝑥 and
cos 𝑥 repeat after an interval of 2𝜋. This can be
shown as follows:
1. SINE Standard Circular Function: sin 𝑥 = 𝑦
Amplitude: 1 Period: 2𝜋
2. COSINE Standard Circular Function: cos 𝑥 = 𝑦
Amplitude: 1 Period: 2𝜋
Comparing graphs between sin 𝑥 and cos 𝑥
3. COSECANT Standard Circular Function: csc 𝑥 = 𝑦
Amplitude: 1 Period: 2𝜋
Comparing graphs between sin 𝑥 and csc 𝑥
4. SECANT Standard Circular Function: sec 𝑥 = 𝑦
Amplitude: 1 Period: 2𝜋
Comparing graphs between cos 𝑥 and sec 𝑥
5. TANGENT Standard Circular Function: tan 𝑥 = 𝑦
Amplitude: 1 Period: 2𝜋
6. COTANGENT Standard Circular Function: cot 𝑥 = 𝑦
Amplitude: 1 Period: 2𝜋
Comparing graphs between tan 𝑥 and cot 𝑥
STANDARD FORM OF
CIRCULAR FUNCTION
STANDARD FORM:
𝑦 = 𝐴 sin(𝐵(𝑥 + 𝐶)) + 𝐷
Where:
Amplitude is 𝐴
2𝜋
Period is
𝐵
Phase shift is 𝐶 (positive means moved to the left)
Vertical shift is 𝐷
Range: [𝐷 − 𝐴, 𝐷 + 𝐴]
Note: **** The form is applicable to all trig. functions.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
AMPLITUDE
The amplitude is the height from the center line to the peak
(or to the trough). Or we can measure the height from highest
to lowest points and divide that by 2.
𝑦 = 𝐴 sin(𝐵 𝑥 + 𝐶 ) + 𝐷
Amplitude is 𝐴
A=1
PERIOD
The period goes from one peak to the next (or from any point
to the next matching point). In other words , it is the
compression length of one full peak-to-peak.
Standard Form: 𝑦 = 𝐴 sin(𝐵 𝑥 + 𝐶 ) + 𝐷
2𝜋
Period is 𝐵
PHASE SHIFT
The phase shift is how far the function is shifted horizontally from the
usual position. The positive value of phase shift moves the graph to the
left. Standard Form: 𝑦 = 𝐴 sin(𝐵 𝑥 + 𝐶 ) + 𝐷
Phase shift is 𝐶 (positive means moved to the left)
𝑦 = sin 𝑥 C = 0 𝑦 = sin(𝑥 + 1) C = +1 (moved 1 unit to the left)
VERTICAL SHIFT
The vertical shift is how far the function is shifted vertically from the
usual position.
Standard Form: 𝑦 = 𝐴 sin(𝐵 𝑥 + 𝐶 ) + 𝐷 Vertical shift is 𝐷
𝑦 = sin 𝑥 D = 0 𝑦 = sin 𝑥 + 1 D = 1 (moved 1 unit upward)
RANGE
The range shows the value of the lowest y-value and the highest y-value of the
function.
Standard Form: 𝑦 = 𝐴 sin(𝐵 𝑥 + 𝐶 ) + 𝐷
Range: 𝐷 − 𝐴, 𝐷 + 𝐴

𝑦 = sin 𝑥 A=1 D=0


Range: [−1, +1]
Examples
Example 1:
Graph the 𝑦 = 3 sin(2𝑥)
Given: A = 3 , B = 2 , C = 0 , D = 0
Amplitude: A = |3| = 3
2𝜋 2𝜋
Period: = =𝜋
𝐵 2
Phase Shift: None (0)
Vertical Shift: None (0)
Range: [𝐷 − 𝐴, 𝐷 + 𝐴] = [0 − 3, 0 + 3] = [−3, +3]
Graphing and comparing: (Ex. 1)
𝑦 = sin 𝑥 𝑦 = 3 sin(2𝑥)
Example 2:
Graph the 𝑦 = 2 cos(4𝑥)
Given: A = 2 , B = 4 , C = 0 , D = 0
Amplitude: A = |2| = 2
2𝜋 2𝜋 𝜋
Period: = =
𝐵 4 2
Phase Shift: None (0)
Vertical Shift: None (0)
Range: [𝐷 − 𝐴, 𝐷 + 𝐴] = [0 − 2, 0 + 2] = [−2, +2]
Graphing and comparing: (Ex. 2)
𝑦 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑦 = 2 cos(4𝑥)
Example 3:
𝜋
Graph the 𝑦 = 3 cos 2𝑥 +2
𝜋
𝑦 = 3 cos 2 𝑥 + 4
𝜋
Given: A=3, B=2, C= , D=0
4
Amplitude: A = |3| = 3
2𝜋 2𝜋
Period: 𝐵
= 2
=𝜋
𝜋
Phase Shift: 4
Vertical Shift: None (0)
Range: [𝐷 − 𝐴, 𝐷 + 𝐴] = [0 − 3, 0 + 3] = [−3, +3]
Graphing and comparing: (Ex. 3)
𝜋
𝑦 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑦 = 3 cos(2𝑥 + )
2
Example 4:
𝜋
Graph the 𝑦 = sec 2𝑥 −2 +2
𝜋
𝑦 = se𝑐 2 𝑥 + 4
+2
𝜋
Given: A=1, B=2, C= , D=2
4
Amplitude: A = |1| = 1
2𝜋 2𝜋
Period: 𝐵
= 2
=𝜋
𝜋
Phase Shift: 4
Vertical Shift: 2
Range: [𝐷 − 𝐴, 𝐷 + 𝐴] = [0 − 1, 0 + 1] = [−1, +1]
Graphing and comparing: (Ex. 4)
𝜋
𝑦 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑦 = sec 2𝑥 − +2
2
Graphing: (Ex. 4)
𝜋
𝑦 = sec 2𝑥 − +2
2
Example 5:
1
Graph the 𝑦 = tan 𝑥 − 𝜋 +
2
1
Given: A = 1 , B = 1 , C = −𝜋, D =
2
Amplitude: A = |1| = 1
2𝜋 2𝜋
Period: = = 2𝜋
𝐵 1
Phase Shift: −𝜋
1
Vertical Shift:
2
Range: [𝐷 − 𝐴, 𝐷 + 𝐴] = [0 − 1, 0 + 1] = [−1, +1]
Graphing: (Ex. 5)
1
𝑦 = tan 𝑥 − 𝜋 +
2
Activity
Activity 1: COPY AND ANSWER
Find the amplitude, period, phase shift, vertical shift and
range of the following:
1. 𝑦 = 2 cot 4𝑥 − 𝜋 − 2 4. 𝑦 = cos 𝑥 − 2𝜋 − 1
1 2𝜋
2. 𝑦 = sin 𝑥 −𝜋 5. 𝑦 = 2 𝑠𝑒𝑐 +𝑥 +1
2 3
3
3. 𝑦 = 3𝑐𝑠𝑐 2𝑥 +
2
Activity 2: GRAPHING PAPER
Graph the following functions on one cartesian plane in
a graphing paper. Use DIFFERENT COLORS for each
graph and label the graph with their respective
function. PLEASE NAME YOUR WORK.
1. 𝑦 = 2 cos 𝑥 + 1
2. 𝑦 = sin 𝑥 − 2
3. 𝑦 = 3 cos 𝑥 + 2 + 1

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