C Language Programming

Lesson 6:
Arrays

Prepared by:
Prof. Marienel N. Velasco

Unit
Pg. 1
I’m gonna talk about:

Unit
Pg. 2
Arrays

• An array is a collection of data that holds fixed number of

values of same type. For example: if you want to store
marks of 100 students, you can create an array for it.

float marks[100];

• The size and type of arrays cannot be changed after its

declaration.
Unit
Pg. 3
Arrays

2 Types of
1. One-dimensional arrays
Arrays:
2. Multidimensional arrays

How to declare an array in C?

data_type array_name[array_size];

For example,
float mark[5];
Here, we declared an array, mark of floating-point type and
size 5. Meaning, it can hold 5 floating-point values.

Unit
Pg. 4
Elements of an Array and How to access them?

• You can access elements of an array by indices.

• Suppose you declared an array mark as above, The first
element is mark[0], second element is mark[1] and so on.

Few key notes:

•Arrays have 0 as the first index not 1. In this
example,mark[0]
•If the size of an array is n, to access the last element, (n-1)
index is used. In this example, mark[4]
•Suppose the starting address of mark[0] is 2120d. Then, the
next address, a[1] will be 2124d, address of a[2] will be 2128d
and so on. It's because the size of a float is 4 bytes.
Unit
Pg. 5
How to initialize an array in C programming?

• It's possible to initialize an array during declaration. For

example,
int mark[5] = {19, 10, 8, 17, 9};
• Another method to initialize array during declaration:
int mark[] = {19, 10, 8, 17, 9};

Here,
mark[0] is equal to 19
mark[1] is equal to 10
mark[2] is equal to 8
mark[3] is equal to 17
mark[4] is equal to 9
Unit
Pg. 6
How to insert and print array elements?

int mark[5] = {19, 10, 8, 17, 9}

// insert different value to third element
mark[3] = 9;
// take input from the user and insert in third
element
scanf("%d", &mark[2]);
// take input from the user and insert in (i+1)th
element
scanf("%d", &mark[i]);
// print first element of an array
printf("%d", mark[0]);
// print ith element of an array
printf("%d", mark[i-1]);

Unit
Pg. 7
Example: C Arrays

// Program to find the average of n (n < 10) numbers using arrays

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int marks[10], i, n, sum = 0, average;
printf("Enter n: ");
scanf("%d", &n);
for(i=0; i<n; ++i)
{
printf("Enter number%d: ",i+1);
scanf("%d", &marks[i]);
sum += marks[i];
}
average = sum/n;
printf("Average = %d", average);
return 0;
}

Unit
Pg. 8
Important thing to remember when working with C arrays

• Suppose you declared an array of 10 elements. Let's say,

int testArray[10];

• You can use the array members from testArray[0] to

testArray[9]

• If you try to access array elements outside of its bound, let's

say testArray[12], the compiler may not show any error.
However, this may cause unexpected output (undefined
behavior).

Unit
Pg. 9
C Programming Multidimensional Arrays

• In C programming, you can create an array of arrays known

as multidimensional array. For example,

float x[3][4];
• Here, x is a two-dimensional (2d) array. The array can hold 12
elements. You can think the array as table with 3 row and each
row has 4 column.

Unit
Pg. 10
C Programming Multidimensional Arrays

• Similarly, you can declare a three-dimensional (3d) array. For

example,
float y[2][4][3];
• Here, The array y can hold 24 elements.

• You can think this example as: Each 2 elements have 4

elements, which makes 8 elements and each 8 elements
can have 3 elements. Hence, the total number of elements
is 24.

Unit
Pg. 11
How to initialize a multidimensional array?

• There is more than one way to initialize a multidimensional

array.

Initialization of a two dimensional array

// Different ways to initialize two dimensional array
int c[2][3] = {{1, 3, 0}, {-1, 5, 9}};
int c[][3] = {{1, 3, 0}, {-1, 5, 9}};
int c[2][3] = {1, 3, 0, -1, 5, 9};
• Above code are three different ways to initialize a two
dimensional arrays.

Unit
Pg. 12
How to initialize a multidimensional array?

Initialization of a three dimensional array.

• You can initialize a three dimensional array in a similar way
like a two dimensional array. Here's an example,

int test[2][3][4] = {
{ {3, 4, 2, 3}, {0, -3, 9, 11}, {23, 12, 23, 2} },
{13, 4, 56, 3}, {5, 9, 3, 5}, {3, 1, 4, 9} }
};

Unit
Pg. 13
Example1: Two Dimensional Array to store
and display values

Unit
Pg. 14
Example2: Sum of two matrices using Two
dimensional arrays

C program to find the sum of two matrices of order 2*2 using

multidimensional arrays.
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
float a[2][2], b[2][2], c[2][2];
int i, j; // Taking input using nested for loop
printf("Enter elements of 1st matrix\n");
for(i=0; i<2; ++i) for(j=0; j<2; ++j)
{
printf("Enter a%d%d: ", i+1, j+1);
scanf("%f", &a[i][j]); } // Taking input using nested for loop
printf("Enter elements of 2nd matrix\n");
for(i=0; i<2; ++i) for(j=0; j<2; ++j) {
printf("Enter b%d%d: ", i+1, j+1);
scanf("%f", &b[i][j]);
} // adding corresponding elements of two arrays
for(i=0; i<2; ++i) for(j=0; j<2; ++j) { c[i][j] = a[i][j] +
b[i][j]; } // Displaying the sum
printf("\nSum Of Matrix:");
for(i=0; i<2; ++i) for(j=0; j<2; ++j)
{ printf("%.1f\t", c[i][j]);
if(j==1) printf("\n"); }
return 0;
}
Unit
Pg. 15
How to pass arrays to a function in C
Programming?

• In C programming, a single array element or an

entire array can be passed to a function.
• This can be done for both one-dimensional array or a
multi-dimensional array.

Unit
Pg. 16
Passing One-dimensional Array In Function

• Single element of an array can be passed in similar manner

as passing variable to a function.
C program to pass a single element of an array to function

#include <stdio.h>
void display(int age)
{
printf("%d", age);
}
int main()
{
int ageArray[] = { 2, 3, 4 };
display(ageArray[2]); //Passing array element
ageArray[2] only.
return 0; }

Unit
Pg. 17
Passing an entire one-dimensional array to a
function

• While passing arrays as arguments to the function, only

the name of the array is passed (,i.e, starting address of
memory area is passed as argument).

C program to pass an array containing age of person to a function. This function

should find average age and display the average age in main function.
#include <stdio.h>
float average(float age[]);
int main()
{
float avg, age[] = { 23.4, 55, 22.6, 3, 40.5, 18};
avg = average(age); // Only name of an array is passed as an argument
printf("Average age = %.2f", avg);
return 0;
} float average(float age[]) {
int i;
float avg, sum = 0.0;
for (i = 0; i < 6; ++i) { sum += age[i]; }
avg = (sum / 6);
return avg;
}

Unit
Pg. 18
Passing Multi-dimensional Arrays to Function

#Example: Pass two-

dimensional arrays to a To pass two-
function dimensional array to a
function as an
#include <stdio.h> argument, starting
void displayNumbers
(int num[2][2]); address of memory area
int main() reserved is passed as in
one dimensional array
{
int num[2][2], i, j; printf("Enter 4
numbers:\n"); for (i = 0; i < 2; ++I
for (j = 0; j < 2; ++j) scanf("%d",
&num[i][j]); // passing multi-
dimensional array to displayNumbers
function
displayNumbers(num);
return 0; }
void displayNumbers(int num[2][2]) {
// Instead of the above line, // void
displayNumbers(int num[][2]) is also
valid
int i, j; printf("Displaying:\n");
for (i = 0; i < 2; ++i)
for (j = 0; j < 2; ++j)
printf("%d\n", num[i][j]);
} Unit
Pg. 19
 That’s all folks!

Thank you for listening!

Unit
Pg. 20