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CHPT 3 Application Layer

The document discusses the application layer in networking. It defines the application layer as the interface between applications and networks, and explains that protocols at this layer support communication between server and client processes. Some key application layer protocols mentioned are HTTP (for web pages), DNS (translates names to addresses), SMTP and POP (for email), and FTP (for file transfers).

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37 views24 pages

CHPT 3 Application Layer

The document discusses the application layer in networking. It defines the application layer as the interface between applications and networks, and explains that protocols at this layer support communication between server and client processes. Some key application layer protocols mentioned are HTTP (for web pages), DNS (translates names to addresses), SMTP and POP (for email), and FTP (for file transfers).

Uploaded by

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© © All Rights Reserved
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3.

Application Layer
functionality &
protocols

CCNA1v4.0Chpt3 © 2007 SSA CATC. All rights reserved. 1


Objectives

▪ Define the application layer as the source and


destination of data for communication across
networks.
▪ Explain the role of protocols in supporting
communication between server and client
processes.
▪ Describe the features, operation, and use of
well-known TCP/IP application layer services
(HTTP, DNS, SMTP).

CCNA1V4.0Chpt3 © 2007 SSA CATC. All rights reserved 2


Applications – The Interface
Between Human and Data NWs

▪ Application Layer = Interface between Applications and


the NW

CCNA1V4.0Chpt3 © 2007 SSA CATC. All rights reserved 3


Applications – The Interface
Between Human and Data NWs

Application layer
Use SW ApplicationSWto & HW convert to initiates data transfer
generate data for digital format
communication

Each layer
performs its
function

CCNA1V4.0Chpt3 © 2007 SSA CATC. All rights reserved 4


OSI Layers that match the TCP/IP
Application Layer

CCNA1V4.0Chpt3 © 2007 SSA CATC. All rights reserved 5


TCP/IP Application Layer
functions
Network Aware Apps
implement Application layer protocols
and talk directly to lower layers
e.g. E-mail, Web browsers

Application layer Services


Need Application layer services
SW1. Encryptionfor dialogue
Responsible
Applications e.g. File Transfer, Network Print Spooling
Representation
interface between of Data
to the NMsource &
fordestination
the destination:
apps
1.
1. Coding/Conversion
Terminate/Tear-down
2.
2. Compression
Maintain
3. Start/Create

CCNA1V4.0Chpt3 © 2007 SSA CATC. All rights reserved 6


Multiple Protocols at Application
Layer

CCNA1V4.0Chpt3 © 2007 SSA CATC. All rights reserved 7


The Client/Server model of
communication

Server responds to client requests

Service/Process/Server Daemon service requests


CCNA1V4.0Chpt3 © 2007 SSA CATC. All rights reserved 8
Multiple Client Requests
Multiple Client requests handled by lower layers

CCNA1V4.0Chpt3 © 2007 SSA CATC. All rights reserved 9


Peer-to-Peer model of
communication

Client and Server Daemon on each Peer


CCNA1V4.0Chpt3 © 2007 SSA CATC. All rights reserved 10
Application Layer
protocols/applications

CCNA1V4.0Chpt3 © 2007 SSA CATC. All rights reserved 11


Domain Name Services (DNS)

▪ Translate resource address (e.g. www.cisco.com) to a


network address

Results are stored in a local cache for future use


CCNA1V4.0Chpt3 © 2007 SSA CATC. All rights reserved 12
DNS Server hierarchy

CCNA1V4.0Chpt3 © 2007 SSA CATC. All rights reserved 13


Hypertext Transfer Protocol
(HTTP)
▪ Used for Web pages
▪ URL = Protocol://server/page
▪ http://www.cisco.com/index.html
▪ HTTPS – more secure

CCNA1V4.0Chpt3 © 2007 SSA CATC. All rights reserved 14


Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
& Post Office Protocol (POP)
▪ E-Mail Protocols

CCNA1V4.0Chpt3 © 2007 SSA CATC. All rights reserved 15


SMTP & POP

CCNA1V4.0Chpt3 © 2007 SSA CATC. All rights reserved 16


File Transfer Protocol (FTP)

▪ To transfer files

CCNA1V4.0Chpt3 © 2007 SSA CATC. All rights reserved 17


Dynamic Host Configuration
Protocol (DHCP)

Assigns host network configuration automatically

CCNA1V4.0Chpt3 © 2007 SSA CATC. All rights reserved 18


DHCP operation

CCNA1V4.0Chpt3 © 2007 SSA CATC. All rights reserved 19


Server Message Block (SMB)
▪ Long term connection to server
▪ Server resources appear as local resources on client

CCNA1V4.0Chpt3 © 2007 SSA CATC. All rights reserved 20


Gnutella Peer-2-Peer Protocol
▪ The Gnutella protocol defines five different packet types:
ping - for device discovery
pong - as a reply to a ping
Query - for file location
query hit - as a reply to a query
push - as a download request

CCNA1V4.0Chpt3 © 2007 SSA CATC. All rights reserved 21


Telnet

CCNA1V4.0Chpt3 © 2007 SSA CATC. All rights reserved 22


End
CCNA1V4.0Chpt3 © 2007 SSA CATC. All rights reserved 23
Activities & Labs
▪ PT 3.2.3: Client-Server Interaction (A)
▪ PT 3.3.2: Configure Services on a Server and a PC
(A)
▪ Activity 3.4.1: Data Stream Capture (B)
▪ Lab 3.4.2: Managing a Web Server (A)
▪ Lab 3.4.3: E-mail Services and Protocols (A)
▪ PT 3.5.1: Skills Integration Challenge-Configuring
Hosts and Services (A)

CCNA1V4.0Chpt3 © 2007 SSA CATC. All rights reserved 24

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