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YOUR HIDDEN STRENGTH
Brickforce has been in continuous use since 191 8 and was used in BRC's original Stafford factory
built in 1925/26. Wall panels were designed to cope with lateral wind load and, by spanning
between stanchion bases, eliminated the need for wall footings.

Furthermore, in 1972 when a n additional factory extension was built, Brickforce was used in the walls for wind loading and t o extend
the centres o f movement joints. Several o f these panels were 45 metres in length b u t there were n o signs o f cracking from thermal
effects.

To cater for t h e increased use o f bed j o i n t reinforcement, BRC's range was increased w i t h the addition o f Bricktor, Wallforce and Bricktie
- all designed for specific purposes together w i t h fabricated corners, T-sections and other shapes.

W i t h the development o f BS Codes o f Practice and the Masonry Eurocode, the range o f Brickforce introduced in 1995 allows the designer
more flexibility and the bricklayer an easier product t o handle and position.

This is achieved by using a range o f different flattened wire sizes w i t h an integral cross wire. As the cross wires are in the same plane
as the main wires, Brickforce is only between 2.75 m m and 3 m m thick overall, achieving maximum cover for bond and ease o f handling
and placing. Furthermore, t o ensure the correct product is used, every strip o f Brickforce is marked by ink jetting, w i t h t h e product name
and size code, plus a production traceability code, for QA purposes.

This guide has been produced to help engineers appreciate the advantages o f using structural bed j o i n t reinforcement together w i t h the
necessary information for designs t o be undertaken. If further assistance is required, our technical team will be pleased t o help w i t h either
telephone queries or design requests.

Technical Assistance Available CONTENTS

Free Design Service for: Panels, Lintels, Beams
Telephone Enquiry Service The Brickforce Range 3-4
OfficelSite Liaison w i t h Engineering Staff
Details and Take-Offs Design Notes 5

We also offer a CPD seminar presentation on the design and use

Laterally loaded panels 8. 6-7
limiting dimensions
o f bed j o i n t reinforcement. This is available a t lunchtimes or
evenings and would suit Engineers, Architects, Clerks o f Works Tables 8-1 6
and Colleges
Panels w i t h openings 17
Tables for panels w i t h 18
openings

Design calculations 19-20

Design Tables 21 -23

Reinforced Masonry 24
Lintels 8 Beams

Practical Hints 25
Development, testing 8. 26
quality control
\ Product testing 27

/ Panel Design Service 28

THE BRICKFORCE RANGE
This range o f sizes was developed t o help the Design Engineer produce an efficient, cost effective, reinforced masonry design utilising a
product format which was originally used in 1918.

Structural Brickforce is manufactured in 5 diameters, starting with 3.00 m m t o

match the Code o f Practice minimum. With this range o f sizes i t is possible t o get
closer t o the optimum solution, thus reducing material costs.

This flexibility gives the Design Engineer the ability t o save on other materials. For
example, wind posts can be designed out, top rails removed in laterally loaded
panels and minimum wall widths maintained. Masonry lintels and beams can also
be achieved with the use o f Brickforce.

To assist site installation, the main wires are flattened to between 2.75 and 3.00
m m with the cross wires in the same plane. This ensures lapping and crossing at
intersections can be achieved while achieving the code requirements for material
Available in various widths
thickness and cover.

Important Notes:-
1. Brickforce is now produced with a characteristic tensile strength o f 500 N/mm
2. The equivalent diameter o f the wire is given to enable the cross sectional area to be calculated and is a minimum. The flattening
process also lengthens the wire and hence reduces the cross sectional area. To compensate for this reduction, BRC uses a larger
diameter wire initially, t o ensure that after flattening the minimum equivalent diameter is as stated. An Engineer can design with
confidence, knowing Brickforce is manufactured with CARES approval and our Company and Factory Quality Control Management
System (QMS) has received BS EN 1509002:1994 recognition.

Diameter Minimum Equivalent Minimum Cross Approx Depth

Reference Diameter (mm) Sectional Area (mm2) across flats (mm)

I
BF30 3.00 7.07 2.75

3.58 2.75
~

BF40 1 4.00 12.56 2.75

I
- - - ~ - -~

BF45 4.50 15.91 2.75

t-
-
- _- -- - -~ - - - ~

BF50 -T 5.00 19.64 -3.00 - -

Raw material Welding Process Manufacturing Despatch

THE BRICKFORCE RANGE

i Brick/Block
Wall width i 100mm ~ 140rnm
I
150mm

---+
190mm I
i
215mm

1 ,I]..-
L-
p-_L--- ~-

width
Brickforce 60mm 100mm 100mm 150mm

The table shows the most common widths o f Brickforce and these are carried in stock in both stainless steel and galvanised finishes and
for all diameters. Others sizes are available and made t o order.

Product Reference
As Brickforce is available i n stainless steel and galvanised wire for each diameter and for many widths, each type o f Brickforce has its
o w n unique reference.
For example:- The diameter reference BF35 is preceded by the finish type (5 = Stainless Steel, G = Galvanised) and followed by the product
width.
Therefore, SBF35W60 is Stainless Steel Brickforce w i t h main wires o f 3.58 equivalent diameter and a width of 6 0 mm. (For 100 rnm wide
brick/block).

Stainless steel, grade 304515 for external walls.

Galvanised finish to 85443 (265 g/m2] for internal walls.
Length o f strip = 2700 mm.
Lap length = 225 rnrn.
Corners, T-sections, radius and other shapes available.

Benefits
The Design Engineer can select a suitable diameter for the most economical design.
Reduction o f windposts. Lemon Quay Shopping Centre, Truro.0
Top rails may be omitted.
Centres o f movement joints increased.
Span greater distances between supports.
Avoid increasing the thickness of a wall.

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Twickenham Stadium, Twickenham, London.o The Royal Opera House, Covent Garden, London.0
 DESIGN NOTES
All structural bed joint reinforcement is covered by BS5628 Part 2, the Code o f Practice for the structural use
of reinforced and pre-stressed masonry. The main points o f this code in relation t o bed joint reinforcement are
listed....

1. For laterally loaded panels a cross sectional area of reinforcement at 14mm2 is required, placed at vertical intervals not exceeding
450mm. Furthermore, the partial safety factor for the compressive strength o f masonry should be taken from clause 27 o f 855628
Part 1.

2. An increase in the limiting dimension is permissible t o 60 x the effective

thickness and a corresponding increase in panel area is available depending
on the support conditions.

3. Various design methods are acceptable, the more popular for lateral
load resistance is A5 method three: Design using modified orthogonal
ratio. A typical panel design using this method is shown on pages 19 and 20.

4. Durability and material finish are covered in Table 14 of BS5628 Part 2.

Galvanised material, unless coated to a minimum weight of 940g/m2 is only
for use in internal walls as the required 940g/m2 galvanising on small
diameter wires is impossible t o achieve consistently. For external walls,
including the inner leaf of a cavity wall, only austenitic stainless steel is
permissible (grades 304 515, 304 531 and 316 533 only).

5. To allow bond t o develop between reinforcement and mortar a maximum

depth of steel of 6mm is given, thus allowing 2mm cover top and bottom.
Brickforce

I m p o r t a n t Notes:
The maximum depth of reinforcement becomes critical at laps, corners, intersections and wall t i e positions - hence BRC's preference for
flattened wires. This flattened profile, together with the integral cross wires, enables larger diameters of wire to be used without an
increase in the overall steel thickness, therefore, reinforcement continuity can be maintained. By using welded corner units and T-sections
etc., within the maximum steel depth o f 6mm the bricklayer has no problems with layer build up, and the bed joint thickness remains as
designed.

Also, by using a larger diameter at 450mm centres instead o f a smaller one at 225mm centres, minimum quantities o f reinforcement
are used, construction is faster and wall ties can be easily positioned i n the intermediate bed joints.

6. The minimum cover stipulated in B55628 Part 2 is 15mm, but i t is usual when designing t o use 20mm. This will allow for
either raked joints or give the bricklayer 5mm tolerance when
laying the reinforcement.

I. The tables for 215mm wide block assume the use of collar
jointed wall construction in accordance with BS5628 Part 1.
The reinforcement used in BRC Bricktie, is made from the
same range o f wire diameters as Brickforce, but has 20mm x
3mm cross pieces, enabling the wall t o be designed as a single
leaf.

Corner unit
LOAD TABLES FOR REINFORCEMENT OF LATERALLY LOADED
MASONRY PANELS
To demonstrate the flexibility o f our Brickforce range, a set o f tables has been developed
showing the ultimate lateral load capacities for various panel sizes using different diameters of
Brickforce wires.

These tables should also prove invaluable during initial overall design as a guide t o the selection o f panel lengths, superstructure layout,
quantities etc., before final design is required. Assistance w i t h these tables, or panels w i t h openings is available by contacting our
technical team.

N o t e s on D e s i g n Tables
1. The load tables give the ultimate load capacity (in KN/M2) o f various unreinforced and reinforced wall panels under uniform lateral
building.
2. Partial safety factors adopted: ym= 3.0, ymm= 2.3, yms= 1.15.
3. These tables have been prepared in accordance w i t h BS5628 (Part 2) using A5 method 3. Characteristic tensile strength o f steel
= 500 N/mm2.

4. Precompression due t o self weight o f the wall panel has been taken into consideration.
Block Density = 6.5KN/m3. Brick Wall Density = 20 KN/m3. Mortar Designation = (iii).
5. Block strength and brick "water absorption" are specified in tables.

6. Bricks t o have minimum compressive strength o f 15 KN/m2.

7. For Brickforce details e.g. BF30, BF35, see page 3

8. Brickforce reference selected must be prefixed by either '5' for stainless steel (external walls) or 'G' for galvanised steel (internal walls).
Eg. SBF4OW60 is stainless Brickforce 4 m m diameter w i t h a width o f 60 mm.

Use o f Tables
1. Check l i m i t i n g dimensions o f panel. This panel also demonstrates how a block width can be maintained by reinforcing w i t h
Brickforce rather than increasing the block thickness (e.g. 6000 unreinforced = 140 block: 6000 reinforced = 100 block w i t h Brickforce).
2. Check l i m i t i n g area o f panel. This table shows increases in area available by using Brickforce, as indicated in t h e Code o f Practice
855628 Part 2. I f designing a single leaf wall, the burgundy figures i n the panel capacity tables show panel sizes complying w i t h the
code requirements. The blue figures are for use when considering the leaf t o be part o f a cavity wall and the limiting area should be
checked from the table.
3. Cavity walls. Look u p relevant wall types and thickness as below and add together t o give ultimate panel capacity:
a) Unreinforced 102, brick outer leaf page 8, and reinforced inner leaf pages 9 t o 16.
b) Both leaves reinforced pages 9 t o 16.
Single Leaf walls. Use tables on pages 9 t o 16.
Where the enhancement o f lateral load capacity of a panel is greater than 50% it is advisable t o check serviceability and deflection.
For any wall type not included, ring our Technical Department.
Product Coding. The product code is a build u p of:
I
a) The finish.
b) Type o f product BF=Brickforce.
I ?< 7.

c) Wire diameter.
d) Overall width o f product eg.
SBF45W150 Stainless Brickforce 4.5 m m diameter, 150 wide.
GBF40W100 Galvanised Brickforce 4.00 mm diameter, 100 wide.

Product code
 ZIAL PRODUC

LIMITING DIMENSIONS AND AREAS

LIMITING DIMENSIONS

Unreinforced
, Reinforced
50 x Eff. Thickness
I 60 x Eff. Thickness

Single Leaf Wall i I

102 Brick I 5100mm I 6120mm

100 Block I 5000mrn I 6000mm

140 Block I 7000rn rn II 8400mm

215 Block I 10,750mm 12,900mm

Cavity Wall

1021100 I 6733mrn il 8080mm

100/100

100/140
~ G3; 1 1 ~
8000mrn
~-
9600mrn

1401140 I 9333mm 11,200rnm

LIMITING AREAS

LzJm =mm
Effective
thickness Unreinforced 1 Reinforced
I Unreinforced Reinforced

I SINGLE LEAF WALL

...
m2 m2 rn2 m2 rn2 rn2
~~~
rn2 rn2

102 Brick 102 18.73 14.05 16.65 23.41 28.09 21.07 24.97

100 Block 100 13.50 16.00 22.50 27.00 20.25 24.00

-~

140 Block 140 29.40 35.28 26.46 31.36 44.10 52.92 39.69 47.04
~ ~ .~

215 Block 21 5 69.34 83.20 62.40 73.96 104.01 124.81 93.61 110.94

I CAVITY WALLS Note: The figures below assume a covity width ofless than 100mm. I

1021100
-~
134.67 27.20A 32.64 14.481-29.02 40.81 1 ' 48.97
-
36.73 43.53
____
161.33 39.04 ~ 46.85 70.27 52.71 62.47
__ __
1021215 211.33 66.99 80.39 60.29 100.49 120.58 90.44 107.18

26.67 32.00 24.00 28.44 40.00 48.00 36.00 42.66

I1001140 I 160.00 38.40 46.08 34.56 I 40.96 57.60 1 1 69.12 513 4 61.44

I
.~

I100/215 210.00 66.15 79.38 59.53 99.22 89.30 105.84

p ~ ~ . . .

1401140 186.67 52.27 1 62.72 47.04 55.75 78.40 70.56 83.63

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m - ~ ~ m o m wr. o ID N m r. cc
? ( ? c y n ~ ~ - , m
~ mrvNN-- c? c? N N 7 T: 7
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0000000 0000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

-
 h e w m * - m om o* ow m
?'9"tttC? ?""t-?c?C?
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

mmm-w-m w m m w - w m o m m ~ h m mw m m m m m w w e w o w m o
cn?'9cq""T cq4cq"LDtT cqcq""Ttc? ?cq"T-?-.c? cqv!ttc?c?c?
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

e-Nm0LDP.I m w h - w N m m - m h m m m m m e m m - m
cq?cq""?t ?L9""t?r? ?cq"??r?T '9"tr?c?r?N
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

m w ho m m -
? cq v! 9 ? t m
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
e - m w - m m
kcq"Ttr?C?
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
m b m m m m m
cq"Ttrnr?c?
0 0 0 0 0 0 0

mmw-r-dtru
Lntr?r?NNN
0 0 0 0 0 0 0

01-m-r-mm m - m - m w e w m m m w e m mw-mmm- - d o w m - m
'9"ttc?c?c? ttc?c?NNN -?c?c?NNNN Tc?c?""NN tL?P?NNN7
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

~ e m e - m w m - m - m w e m m m a w e m m w - b d m o -*mwm-m m m m e m o ~
"tc?rnr?NN ?tc?c?NNN T c? c? N N N N t c? c? N N N N t T N N N N 7 m m ~ m m m
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0000000

O I N c o L D N O ~ h - w m - m h w o m m o m w
m m m m m m m m N m m - - c?c?NNNTr7
0000000 0000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

m w - m m m -
tc?c?NNNN
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
--d-mwm-m
TTNNNN7
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
r - o w m o m r -
mm(ucucu--
0000000
m m~m m
0000000
m NNN
0000000
---
~ m~b l- f l- d m m o m w m

- e m w m - m m N h e - m m h o w m o m w mme-mr-m m h m o m w d m w m m r - m e - mN-Nm- w
m - -d- m
b m N N N N - W m N N N - - C?c?NN"77 mmmm--- m N N N - - -
0000000 0000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0000000 0000000 0000000 0000000

h e m m m m m -momcoe- w e w m m - m
cq?c9""TT c q c 4 c 9 " t t t kc9v!ttTc?
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

o m m b m m r -
c9 =? t m 1NN
0 0 0 0 0 0 0

"t m m
w w m e o b m
c? N N
0 0 0 0 0 0 0

o m o e m w m m e w - w m o c v - e m e ~ m
?"U?t'tmc?c? '9"ttc?c?c? rqlntmrnmn!
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
PANELS WITH OPENINGS
As an alternative to using additional supports such as windposts t o cope with doors and windows in masonry panels, it is possible in the
majority of situations to use Brickforce in the bed joints t o enhance the wind load capacity o f the panel. This is generally a far more
cost-effective solution.

\ /
Panel designed with bands of Brickforce above and below window, carrying wind load
from central window band.

If masonry between windows can span vertically the depth of the window (carrying
wind load from adjacent windows), the panel may be designed with bands of Brickforce
above and below.

Panel designed with a band of Brickforce over the door, carrying wind load from panel

'/ below. I t is advisable t o check the panel a t the side o f the door, although in most cases
i t has sufficient capacity unreinforced.
\

Invariably in this situation a support is required adjacent to the door, and the panel
divided into sub-panels.

I
I t should also be noted that the Brickforce, which initially has been designed t o carry the lateral wind loading, will also provide crack
control for the openings.

TYPICAL WINDOW AND DOOR PANEL SOLUTIONS

The following examples have been produced t o demonstrate the capacity and flexibility of the Brickforce range and certain assumptions have
been made.
Outer leaf brickwork: 7°/o-120/o water absorption. Mortar designation: (iii)
20N/mm2 compressive
strength. Characteristic tensile strength of steel: 500N/mm2.
2000Kg/m2 density.
Window assumed in middle third o f panel.
Inner leaf blockwork: 3.5N/mm2 compressive
strength. Door assumed in middle third of panel.
1450Kg/m2 density.

Note: I f the door is outside the middle third, in the majority of cases the panel a t the side o f the door (2.1 high) will have sufficient
capacity unreinforced, but in extreme cases may require reinforcement. Contact BRC Technical Department for assistance.
TABLES FOR PANELS WITH OPENINGS
7

E
TYPICAL WINDOW PANEL: 0
0
rl
0

Factored-Late 31 Load Capacities kN/m'

Wall Makeup-l62/Cavity/lOO Wall Makeup-I02/Cavity/l40
With Brickforce in Both Leaves a t 225 Centres With Brickforce in Both Leaves at 225 Centres
SBF30 SBF35 SBF40~ SBF45 SBF50
W60 1 W60 W60 1 W60 W60
1.76 I 2.27 i 2.64 I 3.10 j 3.53

..... . ...
,
L-~-.

0.69 1 0.79 1 0.86 ! 0.94 1.02

X
c

t
0
TYPICAL PANEL ABOVE DOOR:
0
rn
0

~ __ -~Factored Lateral Load Capacities kN/m'

~~ ~~~

Wall Makeup-l~/Cavity/loO Wall Makeup-lOZ/Cavity/140

With Bridcforcein Both Leaves Over Door Only a t 225 Centres With Brickforce in Both Leaves Over Door Only a t 225 Centre
SBF30 SBF35 ' SBF40 SBF45 ' SBF50 Lengthof SBF30 SBF35 SBF40 SBF45 SBF50

1
W60 Panel(X) WlOO

1::I: -1
W60 W60 W60
, W60 WlOO WlOO WlOO WlOO
1.00 i 1.26 I 1.46 I 1.70 1.93 3000 1.27 1.61 i 1.86 I 2 18 2.49 '

I
0.68
-___
0.50
0.39
~

,
'
W
3:

0.49
' 0.96
0.71
~-
0.56
-1-
I
1.10
0.81
0.64
i
'
1.24
0.90
.

0.71 ~~
4000
5000
~

6000
0.86
0.64-
0.50
1.07
~- ~ 1.22
1
0.82
.-
1.41
.
~~
' 1.59
O T

0.32 0.40 0.45 0.52 0.58 7000 0.41 j 0.51 0.58 0.66 ~ 0.74
I
~~ ~

0.27 0.34 0.38 0.43 ~ 0.48 8000 0.35 1-0:43 0.49 , 0.55 0.62

TYPICAL PANEL BELOW WINDOW: E

-
0
N

I ~ -~
Factored Lateral Load Ca acities kN/m2
Wall Makeup-l02/Cavi~/lOO Wall Makeup-l02/Cavitv/l40
~
- -~
DESIGN CALCULATIONS
TYPICAL DESIGN OF WALL PANEL TO RESIST LATERAL LOADING
Where lateral loading occurs, and enhanced resistance to the load is required, bed joint reinforcement should be used as required by
Clause A2.4 (Annex A) of BS5628 Part 2:2000. This states that i t may be assumed the wall will have enhanced lateral load resistance
compared with an unreinforced wall, if reinforcement with a minimum cross sectional area o f 14mm2 is placed at vertical centres not
exceeding at 450 mm.

It is normally more economical to reinforce a wall t o resist horizontal pressure than to provide alternative solutions such as intermediate
tiers, windposts or an increase in wall thickness.

The following calculations show the design case A5 method 3 from BS5628 Part 2 using a modified orthagonal ratio. To enable this
method to be used, bending moment co-efficient tables are also provided on pages 21 t o 23.

Consider a panel 6 metres high and 7.5 metres long, simply supported on four sides.
7.5 m
102 brick outer/50 cavity/l40 block inner
Wind force unfactored = 0.50kN/mm2
Factored = 0.5 x 1.2 = 0.6kN/mm2

Check without reinforcement

Brick compressive strength = 20 N/mm2 Water absorption = 7% - 12%
Mortar designation = (iii) m = 3.0

Hence:-
Characteristic compressive strength = 5.8 N/mm2
Characteristic flexural strength parallel t o bed joint = 0.4 N/mm2
Characteristic flexural strength perpendicular t o bed joint = 1.1 N/mm2
WALL PANEL: 1 = 6 = 0.8 Orthagonal ratio = 0.36
L 7.5

From Table 9, Condition ‘E‘, 855628 Part 1

a = 0.054 a (WK v)L’= fkx .z .’.Wk fl = l . l x 103x 102’ = 0.21 kN/m2
Ym 3.0 x 6 x 106x 7.52 x 0.054

Block compressive strength = 7.0 N/mm2

Mortar designation = (iii)
Characteristic compressive strength = 5.5 N/mm2
Characteristic flexural strength parallel t o bed joint = 0.22 N/mm2
Characteristic flexural strength perpendicular t o bed joint = 0.53 N/mm2

Orthagonal ratio = 0.42

From Table 9, Condition ‘E’, BS5628 Part 1

a = 0.05 Wk. -$ = -_0.53 x 103x 140’. ~~ = 0.21 kN/m2
3.0 x 6 x 106 x 7.5’ x 0.05

Design strength of cavity wall = 0.21 + 0.21 = 0.42 kN/m < 0.6 kN/m2

PANEL FAILS
 DESIGN CALCULATIONS
LATERALLY LOADED PANEL
Therefore, we will need to enhance with Brickforce bed joint reinforcement using A5 method 3 (BS5628 Part 2).

140 INNER BLOCK

Moment of resistance (vertical) = fkx Z=

~ .22 x 3.267 x 106 =0.24 kNM/m
~ ~

Ym 3.0 x 106

Moment of resistance horizontal (steel using BF50)

(5 mm equivalent diameter wires)

z = d (1 - 0.5 As fyymm)
~~
= 0.94d
b d f k yms (0.95d max)

= 19.64 x 500 x 0.94 x 116 As (one wire) = 19.64 mm2

1.15 x 106 d = 140 + 92 = 116 mm
140mm
2 2
L -1
= 0.931 kNM/450 height
= 450 (spacing)
= 2.07 kNM/m

Modified Orthagonal ratio

fk

yms
=

=
5.5 N/mm2 (mortar (iii)

1.15
- -
116mm

= 0.24 = 0.1159
~~

2.07 ymm = 3.5 J J

~
H = 0.8 fy = 500 N/mm2
L
(See copy table from Handbook to BS5628 Part 2)

a = 0.078

Allowable wind strength = ~2.07

~ = 0.47 KN/m2
0.078 x 7.52
Brick leaf remains as previous 0.21 KN/m2

Total wind strength = 0.46 + 0.18 = 0.68 KN/m2

>0.6 KN/m2 :. satisfactory

,
PANEL WORKS
Therefore provide Brickforce SBF5OW100 in inner blockwork leaf at 450 centres.

Note: BRC Special Products utilise a computer software programme to design and test masonry panels. This is a CADS wall
programme, which is particularly helpful on panels with openings. For further information and assistance contact our technical
team on +44 (0) 1785 222288.

20
 DESIGN TABLES 1
Bending Moment CO-efficients in Laterally Loaded Wall Panels taken from Handbook to 855628 Pt 2.

Notel :
Linear interpolation of p and H/L is permitted.

Notel :
When the dimensions o f a wall are outside the range o f H/L given in this Table, it will usually be sufficient t o calculate the moments on
the basis o f a simple span. For example, a panel of Type " A having H/L less than 0.3 will tend to act as a free-standing wall, whilst the
same panel having H/L greater than 1.75 will tend t o span horizontally.

Key t o Support Conditions:-

////// denotes simply supported edge

denotes free edge

denotes an edge over which full

continuity exists

Values of a

H 0.30
- 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1 .so 1.75
L

I' 0.25 0.050

0.054
0.071
0.075
0.085
0.089
0.694
0.097
0.099
0.102
0.103
0.105
0.106
0.108
0.060 0.080 0.093 0.100 0.104 0.108 0.110
0.069 0.087 0.098 0.104 0.108 0.111 0.113
0.05 0.082 0.097 0.105 0.110 0.113 0.115 0.116

I 0.25
0.20
0.039
0.043
0.053
0.056
0.062
0.065
0.068
0.069
0.071
0.072
0.073
0.074
0.075
0.076
0.15 0.047 0.059 0.067 0.071 0.074 0.076 0.077
,
0.10 0.052 0.063 0.070 0.074 0.076 0.078 0.079
I
0.05 0.060 0.069 0.074 0.077 0.079 0.080 0,081

I
0.25 0.032 0.042 0.048 0.051 0.053 0.054 0.056
0.20 0.034 0.043 0.049 0.052 0.054 0.055 0.056
0.1 5 0.037 0.046 0.051 0.053 0.055 0.056 0.057
I
0.10 0.041 0.048 0.053 0.955 0.056 0.057 0.058
0.05 0.046 0.052 0.055 0.057 0.058 0.059 0.059
DESIGN TABLES 2
Values of a

0.30 0.50 0.75 1.oo 1.25 1.50 1.75

L

0.25 0.025 0.035 0.043 0.047 0.050 0 052 0.053

0.20 0.027 0.038 0.044 0.048 0.051 0.053 0.054
0.15 0.030 0.040 0.046 0.050 0.052 0.054 0.055 1
0.10 0.034 0.043 0.049 0.052 0.054 0.055 0.056
0.05 0.041 0.048 0.053 0.055 0.056 0 057 0.058
~ ~

0.25 0.023 0.042 0.059 0.071 0.080 0.087 0.091

0.20 0.026 0.046 0.064 0.076 0.084 0 090 0.095
0.15 0.032 0.053 0.070 0.081 0.089 0.094 0.098
0.10 0.039 0.062 0.078 0.088 0.095 0.100 0.103
0.05 0.054 0.076 0.090 0.098 0.103 0.107 0.109
~ ~

0.25 0.020 0.034 0.046 0.054 0.060 0.063 0.066

0.20 0.023 0.037 0.049 0.057 0.062 0.066 0.068
0.15 0.027 0.042 0.053 0.060 0.065 0.068 0.070
0.10 0.032 0.048 0.058 0.064 0.068 0.071 0.073
0.05 0.043 0.057 0.066 0.070 0.073 0 075 0.077
__ ~~

0.25 0.01 8 0.028 0.037 0.042 0.046 0 048 0.050

0.20 0.020 0.031 0.039 0.044 0.047 0 050 0.052
0.15 0.023 0.034 0.042 0.046 0.049 0.051 0.053
0.10 0.027 0.038 0.045 0.049 0.052 0 053 0.055
0.05 0.035 0.044 0.050 0.053 0.055 0.056 0.057
~ ~

0.25 0.01 4 0.024 0.033 0.039 0.043 0.046 0.048

0.20 0.01 6 0.027 0.035 0.041 0.045 0.047 0.049
0.15 0.01 9 0.030 0.038 0.043 0.047 0.049 0.051
0.10 0.023 0.034 0.042 0.047 0.050 0.052 0.053
0.05 0.031 0.041 0.047 0.051 0.053 0.055 0.056
~ ~-

0.25 0.011 0.021 0.030 0.036 0.040 0.043 0.046

0.20 0.013 0.023 0.032 0.038 0.042 0.045 0.047
0.15 0.016 0.026 0.035 0.041 0.044 0.047 0.049
0.10 0.020 0.031 0.039 0.044 0.047 0.050 0.052
0.05 0.027 0.038 0.045 0.049 0.052 0.053 0.055
 BR!
DESIGN TABLES 3

A
-l

I
H

Blackpool Fooroaii u u b , Blackpool."

Values of a
~ ~-

~
H 0.30 0.50 0.75 1.oo 1.25 1.50 1.75
L

I 0.25
0.20
0.032
0.038
0.071
0.083
0.122
0.142
0.180
0.208
0.240
0.276
0.300
0.344
0.362
0.413
0.1 5 0.048 0.100 0.173 0.250 0.329 0.408 0.488
0.10 0.065 0.131 0224 0.321 0.418 0.515 0.613
0.05 0.106 0.208 0.344 0.482 0.620 0.759 0.898

0.25 0.028 0.056 0.091 0.123 0.150 0.174 0.196

0.20 0.033 0.064 0.103 0.136 0.165 0.190 0.211
0.15 0.040 0.077 0.119 0.155 0.184 0.210 0.231
0.10 0.053 0.096 0.144 0.182 0.213 0.238 0.260
0.05 0.080 0.136 0.190 0.230 0.260 0.286 0.306
,

I 0.25
0.20
0.021
0.025
0.044
0.052
0.073
0.084
0.101
0.114
0.127
0.141
0.150
0.165
0.170
0.185
I
0.15 0.031 0.061 0.098 0.131 0.159 0.184 0.205
0.10 0.041 0.078 0.121 0.156 0.186 0.212 0.233
0.05 0.064 0.114 0.164 0.204 0.235 0.260 0.281

Acknowledgement
BRC Special Products gratefully acknowledges the assistance given by E + FN SPON for extracts from "Handbook t o 855628 Part 2" by
Roberts, Edgell and Rathbone.

23
 REINFORCED MASONRY LINTELS & BEAMS
For many years Brickforce has been successfully used t o reinforce masonry lintels over openings. Providing temporary support is used
during construction, this method is cost effective as generally only t w o courses o f Brickforce are required.

In many cases, if Brickforce is being used for crack control, the lintel is redundant. The anchorage o f Brickforce is far superior t o a lintel
and a more monolithic structure results.

Span of Lintel Reinforced Required

~

1.2 metres 2 courses o f SBF35W60

__ ~

1.5 metres 2 courses o f SBF35W60

p~ ~~

2 courses o f SBF40W60
-~ ~~ -
2.1 metres 2 courses o f SBF4OW60
~ ~ p~
~~

2.4 metres 2 courses of SBF50W60

For walls being built o n existing floors Brickforce can be used t o design t h e wall as a vertical beam, thus reducing the load o n t h e floor
and t h e subsequent deflection, and also protecting against cracking in the wall finish.

5oftware for masonry lintel/beam design will be available on our website.

D e s i g n S o f t w a r e A v a i l a b l e On Our W e b s i t e
Laterally Loaded Panels
This software will design reinforced and unreinforced, brick and block panels for the range
of support conditions shown in BS5628 Part 2 Annex A.

Other S o f t w a r e t h a t will soon b e a v a i l a b l e

Serviceability and Design
If more than a 50% increase in the panel capacity is achieved by reinforcing, a check can be
made t o ensure compliance w i t h BS5628 Part 2 Annex A.
Lintels and Beams
To demonstrate the effectiveness o f using Brickforce t o reinforce masonry lintels and
-
beams t o be self supporting.
I?-
~p ~~ ~~
~~

24
PRACTICAL HINTS

20mm
cover
.
.n COVER IN BED JOINT

0
r Flattened main wires placed uppermost

! / / / :
cover
20mm
MOVEMENT JOINTS

Note:- Centres of movement joints may be extended with use of

Bed Joint Reinforcement.

Note:- Flattened wires allow wall ties in cavity wall POSITION OF LAPS
applications to be placed correctly with mortar cover. 225mm
, 225mm
min
I
Stagger the Laps
t o suit Dane1 sizes e
LAPS
With BRC Brickforce 225 laps may be achieved in two ways:

L a p 111 bed joint reinforcement should always be staggered

WALL INTERSECTION
, Fabricated Tee
CORNER DETAIL
m e r Unit
225mm I&225mm
Brickforce T

Fabricated Tee

225mm 225mm

I I I I I I r

i
s
e-
E

25
DEVELOPMENT, TESTING A N D QUALITY CONTROL
BRICKFORCE together with BRC's other masonry reinforcement products is manufactured with CARES approval.
Our Company Quality Management Systems (QMS) have also received BS EN IS09002:1994 recognition.

To assist in product traceability, each strip o f Brickforce is now ink jetted a t regular intervals along one wire w i t h its reference and a
manufacturing code. This ensures t h a t the bricklayer uses the correct product and helps the Engineer t o easily check o n his specification
- ensuring every strip can be traced t o the day o f manufacture and the original material from which it was made.

Production
Brickforce is made in accordance w i t h 855628 Part 2 for structural reinforcement. Regular daily checks are made on the size, strength,
flatness and cross sectional area o f the wire. As the flattening process also elongates the wire and reduces the diameter, the production
process is started w i t h a larger diameter wire than required, so after the flattening loss o f diameter, the minimum cross sectional area
as stated is achieved.

British Standards
Bed j o i n t reinforcement is covered by the following British Standards t o which BRC products conform.

BS5628 Part 2 I I

Structural bed j o i n t reinforcement (minimum material specification and design reqUirementSJ.

855628 Part 3
The use o f crack control bed j o i n t reinforcement.
QUALITY SYSTEMS
85970 and BSI554 IS0 9000 002

Stainless steel as specified in BS5628 Part 2.

85443
Galvanised wire for use in internal walls.

Traceability code

Checking raw material for traceability Daily testing o f flattened wire

_ _ _ _ _ ~
___
~ ~ ~~ ~
 P

PRODUCT TESTING
In addition to materials testing during production, as part o f our technical development, BRC Special Products
is committed to an on-going testing programme and the following test information is available on request:-

1. Wallforce - DD140 Type 2 tie conformity

2. SuperWallforce - DD140 Type 1 tie conformity

3. Bricktie CF - Comparison of strength t o fish tail wall ties

4. Bricktie CF - Full scale fire test for collar jointed (double leaf)
wall using Tarmac Topblocks

5. Brickforce Corner U n i t - The strength o f prefabricated corner

units

6. Bricktor- Performance tests for crack control

7. Brickforce - Anchorage values and load carrying capacity Fire test of reinforced wall

We acknowledge the help of Ceram Building Technology

- Stoke-on-Trent, who undertake our product testing.

I-- f ?

I 1
Test load being applied Failure of un-reinforced wall

Acknowledgements:
We would like t o thank t h e following organisations for their co-operation and permission t o use photographs i n t h e production o f this
brochure:
Lemon Quay Shopping Centre, Truro - JBP Associates.
Twickenham Stadium, Twickenham, London - John M o w l e m Construction.
The Royal Opera House, Covent Garden, London - David Barbour and Building Design Partnership.
Blackpool Football Club, Blackpool - Ballast PLC.
Stoke-on-Trent College and their staff f o r allowing photography o f work examples.

I t is assumed t h a t any person(s) using the information/calculations set o u t anywhere in this brochure is a responsible individual
qualified and experienced i n masonry design and site constructional methods and t h a t proper cognisance w i l l be taken o f all
design/constructionaI requirements t o ensure sound engineering judgements are made. The correct application o f BRC bed j o i n t
reinforcement products on site is beyond t h e Company's direct control. I t is therefore assumed t h a t any necessary precautions w i l l be
taken i n accordance w i t h health and safety regulations when using these products.
Brickforce, Bricktor, Bricktie and Wallforce are all registered trademarks o f BRC. The contents o f this brochure are copyrighto.

21
BE! PANEL DESIGN SERVICE

To use this sewice please photocopy this page and fax to: +44 (0) 1785 255336
Name & Address

Project

Type o f Wall Single Leaf/Cavity

Window
Panel
Brick Width
Strength
Water Absorption

Block Width
Strength

Lateral Load
Design or U l t i m a t e

Dimensions Add t o Panel Types

Adjacent

Support Conditions Add t o Panel Types

m-n
Adjacent

Partial Safety Factors : $ = 1.4 / 1.2

ym = 3.0
Door
Vertical Dead Load Panel
o n Panel

Date:

Required By:

Contact: Misc.
Panel
add
Phone: details

Fax:

BRC Special Products, Carver Road, Astonfields Industrial Estate, Stafford ST16 3BP. Telephone: +44 (0)1785 222288 Fax: +44 (0)1785 240029.
E-mail: stafford.technical@ brc-special-products.co.uk Web: www.brc-special-products.co.uk
In line with BRC Special Products policy o f continual development and improvement the lnformatlon provided in this document is only intended for the assistance o f clients
and is not binding upon the company which reserves the right t o alter the specifications of its products without notice.