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Lec 1a

- The document discusses histograms and their purpose in graphically representing frequency distributions of data. Histograms use bars to show frequencies of data within class boundaries or ranges on the horizontal axis. They summarize data sets, reveal patterns and trends, and help viewers understand and analyze the distribution of data. An example constructs a histogram using the ages of NASCAR drivers in classes to demonstrate how histograms organize and display quantitative data frequencies visually.

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Haisham Ali
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22 views45 pages

Lec 1a

- The document discusses histograms and their purpose in graphically representing frequency distributions of data. Histograms use bars to show frequencies of data within class boundaries or ranges on the horizontal axis. They summarize data sets, reveal patterns and trends, and help viewers understand and analyze the distribution of data. An example constructs a histogram using the ages of NASCAR drivers in classes to demonstrate how histograms organize and display quantitative data frequencies visually.

Uploaded by

Haisham Ali
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Objectives

• Represent data in frequency distributions graphically


using histograms
Purpose of Statistical Graphs
• To convey the data to the viewers in pictorial form
– It is easier for the most people, especially people without a background in
statistics, to comprehend the meaning of data presented as a picture rather
than data presented as a table.
• To describe the data set graphically
• To analyze the data set (Distribution of data set)
• To summarize a data set
• To discover a trend or pattern in a situation over a period of time
• To capture viewers’ attention in a publication or during a presentation
Histogram
A histogram is a graphical way to summarize a frequency
distribution. It is a bar graph with the following properties:
• The horizontal scale is quantitative and measures the data
values.
• The vertical scale measures the frequencies of the classes.
• Consecutive bars must touch. As a result, the “class
boundaries” are the numbers that separate classes without
forming gaps. They will be the lower limits of classes as
calculated for a frequency distribution.
Quick Review of histogram shapes
Example-Construct a histogram of the ages of
Nextel Cup Drivers. Use the class boundaries as the
scale on the x-axis
Ages of NASCAR Nextel Cup Drivers in Years (NASCAR.com) (Data is ranked---
Collected Spring 2008)
21 21 21 23 23 23 24 25
25 26 26 26 26 27 27 28
28 28 28 29 29 29 29 30
30 30 30 31 31 31 31 31
32 34 35 35 35 36 36 37
37 38 38 39 41 42 42 42
43 43 43 44 44 44 44 45
45 46 47 48 48 48 49 49
49 50 50 51 51 65 72
Class Limits (Ages in Years) Class Boundaries Frequencies

20-29 19.5-29.5 23

30-39 29.5-39.5 21

40-49 39.5-49.5 21

50-59 49.5-59.5 4

60-69 59.5-69.5 1

70-79 69.5-79.5 1

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