Chapter 5 - Software - 2019

Software
Department of Information and Communications Technology

Centre for Foundation Studies
International Islamic University Malaysia
Learning Outcomes
At the end of this chapter, you should be able to:
• Describe the differences between system software and application software
• Identify the four categories of software ownership
• Identify the four types of system software
• Explain the basic functions of operating system and system utilities
• Identify general purpose, specialized and mobile application software
• List the types of general purpose and specialized application software and the function of each type
• Give examples of general purpose, specialized and mobile applications and their basic features
• Identify software packages and give examples of software packages

2
Software definition
• Also known as program
• The instructions that are used by the computers or other devices to
perform various operations and functions

3
Software ownership
• Ownership of the software source code
• Under the copyright law, the creator of software is the owner of the
copyright and is granted the exclusive rights for its use and
distribution.
• Software ownership can be categorized into 4 categories :
• commercial software
• open source software
• freeware
• shareware
4
Software ownership – Commercial software
• Also known as proprietary software
• Owned by individual or organization. It is sometimes referred as
closed source software which means users may use the software but
cannot make any changes on the software.
• The owner of the software has the rights to modify or add features to
the program’s source code, and can sell it.

5
Software ownership – Open source software
• Open source software is normally developed by a community of
developers.
• To reduce the total cost of software ownership.
• Users may use the software as well as modify them.
• It is a free software that is made available under a copyright license.

6
Software ownership – Freeware
• Freeware is a type of proprietary software that is free - (freemium :
free for basic , premium for upgrade).
• There are restrictions on its use and the source code is kept secret by
the software manufacturer.

7
Software ownership – Shareware
• Shareware is a type of proprietary software which is initially free
(free on limited time/trial basis) of charge to users.
• After certain period, users may have to purchase the software in
order to use them.

8
Open Source Software Proprietary Software
Refers to the software that is developed and tested Refers to the software that is solely owned by the
through open collaboration. individual or the organization that developed it.
Anyone with the academic knowledge can access, Only the owner or publisher who holds the legal
inspect, modify and redistribute the source code. property rights of the source code can access it.
The project is managed by an open source The project is managed by a closed group of
community of developers and programmers. individuals or team who developed it.
They are not aimed at unskilled users outside of the They are focused on a limited market of both skilled
programming community. and unskilled end users.
It provides better flexibility which means more There is a very limited scope of innovation with the
freedom which encourages innovation. restrictions and all.
Examples: Android, Firefox, LibreOffice, Ubuntu, Examples: Windows, MacOS, iTunes, Google Earth,
FreeBSD, Drupal, GNOME etc. Adobe Flash Player, etc.

9
Proprietary Software Open Source Software
Commercial Freeware Shareware
Not free Free Free on a trial basis Most are available for free
Copyrighted
Source code is kept secret by the manufacturer/producer
Source code is available
(closed source)
Cannot modify the source code Can modify the source code
Cannot be copied, distributed
Can be copied and distributed to other users
to other users
Created by open source
Normally created by an individual or a company
community
Examples
Operating system – Utilities – CCleaner, Glary Utilities - GoodSync (file Operating system – Linux,
Windows, MacOS Utilities backup and file Ubuntu, Firefox OS (for
Utilities – Norton Utilities, Application – Polaris Office synchronization software), smartphones)
System Cleaner 7 FileScavenger (undelete and
recovery program) Utilities – ClamAV, ClamWin
Application – Corel Free Antivirus, Recuva,
WordPerfect Office UltraDefrag

10
Software types
• There are 2 types –
• Application software
• System software
• Application software is programs that are used by most users to
complete their daily tasks.
• System software is programs installed in a computer to control and
work with the computer hardware.

11
Software types
Application Software System Software

12
System Software
13
Definition of system software
• System software is a collection of programs that handle the
operations of computer hardware.
• Most of the computer tasks are performed by the system software.
• From the time the user turns on the computer, the system software
will start interacting and handling the technical details.

14
Types of system software
• There are 4 types of system software:
• Operating systems (OS)
• Utilities
• Device drivers
• Language Translators

15
Operating systems
• The operating system is the most important component of system
software.
• The operating systems control and coordinate all activities among
the computer hardware devices, provide the interface for the
computer users, and run all application software.

16
Utilities
• Utilities are programs to manage and maintain the general
housekeeping tasks for the computer.
• Examples of utilities are to perform backup and to recover damaged
files.

17
Device drivers
• Device drivers are programs to allow the computer to communicate
with the devices that are connected to it.

18
Language Translators
• Language translators are programs that translate the instructions
written in a programming language into machine language.
• JAVA interpreter and Microsoft Visual C++ are examples of language
translators.

19
Basic functions of the operating system

20
Booting and shutting down
• The process of starting or restarting the computer is known as
booting.
• A cold boot is when you turn on a computer that has been turned off
completely.
• A warm boot is the process of using the operating system to restart
the computer.

21
Provide user interface
• A user interacts with computer through the user interface.
• Two main types are:
• command line interface
• graphical user interface (GUI)

22
• A command line interface requires the user to interact with the
operating system by typing commands or codes to perform specific
tasks.
• An example of command used in a command line interface is DIR (for
“directory”). This command instructs the computer to display a directory list
of all folder and file names.
23
• A graphical user interface requires the user to interact with the
operating system by using a mouse to access windows, icons, and
menus.
• Microsoft released Windows 1.0, its first GUI based operating system
in 1985.

24
Run application programs
• The operating system coordinates the CPU to get the program
instructions or computer codes from the application program, for
example word processors, to process the data.
• Most operating system support multitasking. This means the users
could run two or more application programs at the same time.
• The CPU does not actually run two or more programs at the same
time; rather, it switches between different programs stored in the
memory.

25
Manage hardware
• The operating system performs basic computer tasks, such as
managing the various peripheral devices (example: mouse, keyboard
and printers).
• Most operating systems now are equipped with plug and play
capabilities which means a device such as a printer will automatically
be detected and configured without any user manipulations of the
system.

26
Manage system resources
• The operating system handles system resources such as the computer's memory
and sharing of the central processing unit (CPU) time by various applications or
peripheral devices.
• While the operating system coordinates the activities of the CPU, it uses RAM as
the temporary storage area to store the instructions and data that will be used by
the CPU to process.
• The operating system will ensure that the space in the RAM is enough to store
the next instructions and data.
• The operating system will clear these items from the RAM when the CPU no
longer needs them.

27
Provide file management
• The operating system also handles the management and tracking of files and
directories (folders) saved or retrieved from a computer disk.
• The file management system allows the user to perform such tasks as creating
files and directories, renaming files, copying and moving files, and deleting files.

28
Categories of Operating System
There are 3 basic categories:
• Embedded Operating System

• Desktop or Stand-alone Operating System
• Network Operating System

29
Embedded Operating System
• This category of operating system is stored or embedded within a
device like smartphones, tablets, TV tuner boxes, game systems and
other small gadgets.
• Mobile operating system falls under this category.
• Examples of mobile OS are Android, iOS and Windows 10 Mobile.

30
Desktop or Stand-alone Operating System
• The operating system for this category is located on the computer’s
hard disk.
• Examples of desktop operating system are Windows, Mac OS, UNIX
and Linux.

31
Network Operating System
• This category of operating system is used to control and coordinate
computers on a network.
• Network Operating System are typically located on the network
server which coordinates all communications among the computers
on the network.
• Examples of Network OS are Linux, Windows Server and UNIX.

32
Examples of Open Source Operating System
33
Utilities
• Utilities are programs to manage ad maintain the general
housekeeping tasks for the computer.
• Types of utilities :
• Antivirus programs
• File compression programs
• System maintenance programs
• Backup programs
• Troubleshooting programs

34
Antivirus programs
• This program helps to protect your computer system against viruses
or any threat that might invade your computer system.
• Examples of antivirus are Bitdefender, Kaspersky, and McAfee
Antivirus.

35
File compression programs
• This programs helps to reduce the file size to save the storage space
and to make sending the files over the Internet more efficient.
• Examples are WinZip and WinRAR.

36
System maintenance programs
• These programs help to manage system resources. Examples are
• Backup programs - make copies of files in case the originals are lost or
damaged.
• Example of backup programs are Windows File History, Paragon Backup and
CrashPlan.
• Troubleshooting programs - identify and correct any problem in your
computer before they become serious.
• Example of troubleshooting programs are Windows Disk Cleanup, Windows
Task Manager, Windows Optimize Drives and WinAudit.

37
Disk Cleanup Optimize Drives
WinAudit

38
Application Software
39
Application software category
Categorized into three:
• General purpose applications
• Specialized applications
• Mobile applications

General-Purpose Applications
SOFTWARE TYPE FUNCTION
Word processor To create a text based
document
Spreadsheet To organize, analyze and
graph numerical data
Presentation To create a visually interesting
graphics presentation
DBMS To organize large amounts of
data in a database

General-Purpose Applications

Word processor
• Used to create text based documents such as letters, reports, memos
and any kind of written materials.
• Examples are Microsoft Word, Apple Pages, Corel Word Perfect,
OpenOffice Writer, Kword, Kingsoft Writer, Google Docs and Zoho
Writer.
• Some of the features are:
• Annotation, bullets and numbering, graphics, headers, figures and page
numbering, footnotes and cross-references, spelling and grammar checker,
thesaurus and word wrap.

Spreadsheet
• Used to create workbook so that user can organize numbers, analyse
them as well as create graph to visualize the numerical data.
• Examples are Microsoft Excel, Apple Numbers, Lotus 1-2-3,
OpenOffice Calc, Libre Calc, Kcells, Google Spreadsheets and Zoho
Sheet
• Worksheet, Formula, What-If analysis/Recalculation, What-If
analysis/Recalculation and Dynamic File Links

Presentation Graphics
• Used to create presentation that may include text and images, sound,
video, music files, as well as link to other files or websites.
• Examples are Microsoft PowerPoint, Apple Keynote, Corel
Presentation, OpenOffice Impress, Libre Impress, Showcase, Google
Presentation and Prezi.
• Links, slide show animation, slide design, multimedia, recording a voice
narration or sound in a slide show and creating charts and tables

Database Management System (DBMS)
• Used to set up an electronic database.
• Examples are Microsoft Access, Oracle, IBM DB2, Cubrid, FireBird and
MySQL.
• Table, form, query and report

Specialized Applications
• Specialized applications are more specific and focus on a certain job
or profession.
• For example, there are software specifically used in graphic related
jobs, some software are for creating and editing multimedia files,
while some other software are meant for creating web documents.
Graphics Program
• Professionals in graphics arts field use software such as desktop

publishing, image editing and drawing programs to complete their jobs.
TYPE OF
FUNCTION EXAMPLE
SOFTWARE
Desktop • Mix text and graphics to create publications of professional Microsoft Publisher,
quality, such as brochures, newsletters, textbooks
publishing or Adobe InDesign,
• Focus on page design and layout
page layout • More flexible QuarkXPress

Graphics Program
TYPE OF
FUNCTION EXAMPLE
SOFTWARE
Adobe Photoshop,
• Edit or modify digital photos called bitmap or raster images Corel PaintShop Pro,
Image or photo
which consist of pixels GIMP (GNU Image
editing
• Bitmap images become jagged when expanded Manipulation
Program), Canva
Drawing or • Create and edit vector images which use geometric shapes
defined by math equations Adobe Illustrator,
Illustration
• Used for graphic design, page layout, create sharp artistic CorelDRAW, Inkscape
program image

Image galleries
• Contain a lot of electronic images. The images are either clip art or
stock photograph.
• Clip art is any graphic illustration, while stock photographs are
photos ranging from people to landscape.
IMAGE GALLERIES WEBSITE
MS Office Clipart office.microsoft.com/images
Classroom Clipart classroomclipart.com
Istockphoto istockphoto.com
Flickr Creative flickr.com

Audio and Video editor
• Audio and video editing software are specifically used to create and edit
sound clips and video clips.
• Examples are Windows Movie Maker, iMovie, Adobe After Effects, Sony Vegas
Pro and Movavi.

Web Authoring Software
• A web page can be created using program such as Adobe
Dreamweaver, KompoZer and Komodo Edit can be used to create
web pages or web documents.
• These programs are referred WYSIWYG because users do not have
to know about the HTML codes.
• Animation is an example of multimedia element.
• Specialized program such as Flash is used to create movies that
can be part of the website.

Web Authoring Software
• Cascading style sheets or CSS
Courses
is used to define styles for
web pages, including the
design, layout and variations ICT
Staff
in display for different Department
devices and screen sizes.

• Designing a website may Links
begin with planning the
overall design using a Graphical site map
graphical site map.
Project Management Software
• Used for project planning,
scheduling, resource
allocation and change
management
• Allows collaboration and
communication between
project stakeholders
• Examples are Microsoft
Project, Basecamp and
Teamwork Projects, Bitrix24,
Freedcamp and Asana
Examples of Application Software for
Open source and Commercial software
Type of Program Open Source Software Commercial Software
 OpenLibreOffice.org Writer  Microsoft Word
Word processor
 AbiWord  Corel WordPerfect
Mathematical formulas  OpenLibreOffice.org Math  Microsoft Equation Editor
 OpenLibreOffice.org Calc  Microsoft Excel
Spreadsheet  GelSheet  Corel QuattroPro
 EtherCalc  Apple Numbers
 OpenLibreOffice.org Impress
 Microsoft PowerPoint
 Impress.js
Presentations  Apple Keynote
 Impressionist
 Corel Presentation
 Sozi

55
Examples of Application Software for
Open source and Commercial software
Type of Program Open Source Software Commercial Software
 LibreOffice Base
 Microsoft Access
 MySQL
Database  Microsoft Visual FoxPro
 PostgreSQL
 Oracle DB
 Firebird
 Evolution  Microsoft Outlook
E-mail  Zimbra  Eudora
 Roundcube  Forté Agent
 OpenLibreOffice.org Draw  Microsoft Paintbrush
Graphics or Drawing  Inkscape  Adobe Photoshop
 Blender  Corel Painter
 Mozilla Firefox
 Microsoft Edge
Web browser  Opera
 Apple Safari
 Midori
56
Mobile Apps
57
Definition
• Mobile app is a computer program designed to run on mobile devices
such as smartphones and tablet computers.
Commonly used mobile apps
• Social networking: Facebook, Instagram
• Messaging: Whatsapp, Telegram
• Shopping: Zalora, Lazada,
• Music: Pandora, Spotify, SoundCloud, GrageBand
• Videos: YouTube, Netflix
• QR codes: QR Reader, QR Droid
• consists of black modules or square dots arranged in a square grid on a white

background, which can be scanned using the QR reader app and the camera of a mobile
device.

App Stores
• Allow users to download mobile apps either for free or with
some charges
WEBSITE APPS STORE OS
www.appstore.com Apple App Store iOS
play.google.com Google Play Android
www.androidcentral.com Android Central Android
www.Microsoft.com Windows Store Windows

Free apps vs paid apps
• Paid apps:
• Usually 20-30% of the price of the apps goes to the distributor and the
remainder goes to the apps developer.
• Free apps:
• Developers may sell advertising space within the apps, or they provide in-app
purchases.
• The free apps are used for marketing purposes.
• The apps developer may offer basic version of app for free but will be
upgraded to paid version later.

What are needed to download
and use mobile apps?
• A mobile device
• Smartphone, tablet or wearable device (Smart Glass, Google Glass, smart
watches, Android Wear, Apple Watch, and Microsoft Band).
• Internet access
• using either Data Plans or Wi-Fi hotspots

Mobile Apps trends
• Security and privacy
• Smartphones are equipped with lots of similar services as in our computers, but with
lack of security it opens ways for hackers to focus attacks on this device.
• Enterprise Apps
• The demand for enterprise apps is growing. Developers gain more profit creating
enterprise apps compared to consumer apps.
• Apps on Cloud Technology
• Cloud technology helps developers keep their actual app size small, while deploying
major parts of the apps to the cloud.
• Internet of Things (IoT)
• IoT is a concept that involves any non-computing devices being connected to the
Internet, such as appliances, medical devices or even building automation devices.
Software Suite
• A collection of individual software, grouped and sold together as a
bundle
TYPE OF SUITE EXAMPLE

Office or productivity Microsoft Office, Apple iWork, OpenOffice, Libre Office
Cloud or online Google Docs, Microsoft Office 365, Web Apps, Zoho Office, Adobe
Creative Cloud
Specialized CorelDRAW Graphic Suite, TOTAL Planning Suite
Utility Norton Utilities, ZoneAlarm, Bit Defender

Islam and IT
The Prophet Muhammad sallallaahu ‘alayhi wa salam said,
“Give up what is doubtful ffor that which is not doubtful”
[An-Nasaa’i and At- Tirmithi narrated it o the authority of Al-Hassan

Ibn ‘Ali, may be pleased with him – Tirmithi graded it saheeh]


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Software

Department of Information and Communications Technology

Department of Information and Communications Technology

Department of Information and Communications Technology

Department of Information and Communications Technology

Department of Information and Communications Technology

Department of Information and Communications Technology

Department of Information and Communications Technology

Department of Information and Communications Technology

Department of Information and Communications Technology

Department of Information and Communications Technology

Application Software System Software

Department of Information and Communications Technology

Department of Information and Communications Technology

Department of Information and Communications Technology

Department of Information and Communications Technology

Department of Information and Communications Technology

Department of Information and Communications Technology

Department of Information and Communications Technology

Department of Information and Communications Technology

Department of Information and Communications Technology

Department of Information and Communications Technology

Department of Information and Communications Technology

Department of Information and Communications Technology

Department of Information and Communications Technology

Department of Information and Communications Technology

Department of Information and Communications Technology

• Embedded Operating System

Department of Information and Communications Technology

Department of Information and Communications Technology

Department of Information and Communications Technology

Department of Information and Communications Technology

Department of Information and Communications Technology

Department of Information and Communications Technology

Department of Information and Communications Technology

Department of Information and Communications Technology

Department of Information and Communications Technology

Department of Information and Communications Technology

Department of Information and Communications Technology

Department of Information and Communications Technology

Department of Information and Communications Technology

Department of Information and Communications Technology

Department of Information and Communications Technology

Department of Information and Communications Technology

• Professionals in graphics arts field use software such as desktop

Department of Information and Communications Technology

Department of Information and Communications Technology

Department of Information and Communications Technology

Department of Information and Communications Technology

Department of Information and Communications Technology

devices and screen sizes.

Department of Information and Communications Technology

• consists of black modules or square dots arranged in a square grid on a white

Department of Information and Communications Technology

Department of Information and Communications Technology

Department of Information and Communications Technology

Department of Information and Communications Technology

TYPE OF SUITE EXAMPLE

Department of Information and Communications Technology