CSE310: Programming in Java
Topic: Java Platform Overview
Outlines
• Introduction
• Why Java?
• Where it is used?
• Characteristics of Java
• Java Platform Editions
• Evolution of Java
• Understanding JDK, JRE and JVM
• How Java is platform-independent
• Evaluating Java libraries, middle-ware, and database
options
Introduction
➢ Java is a general purpose object-oriented programming
language.
➢ Java is a high level, robust, secured and platform
independent.
➢ Developed by Sun Microsystems (James Gosling).
Platform: Any hardware or software environment in
which a program runs, is known as a platform.
Why Java?
➢ Java is the Internet programming language.
➢ Java enables users to develop and deploy applications
on the Internet for servers, desktop computers, and
small hand-held devices.
Where it is Used?
➢ According to Sun, 3 billion devices run java.
• Desktop Applications such as acrobat reader, media player,
antivirus etc.
• Web Applications such as irctc.co.in, javatpoint.com etc.
• Enterprise Applications such as banking applications.
• Mobile Applications
• Embedded System, Smart Card, Robotics, Games etc.
Characteristics of Java
• Java Is Simple
• Java Is Object-Oriented
• Java Is Distributed
• Java Is Interpreted
• Java Is Robust
• Java Is Secure
• Java Is Architecture-Neutral
• Java Is Portable
• Java's Performance
• Java Is Multithreaded
• Java Is Dynamic
Java Platform Editions
• A Java Platform is the set of APIs, class libraries, and
other programs used in developing Java programs for
specific applications.
There are 3 Java Platform Editions
1. Java 2 Platform, Standard Edition (J2SE)
• Core Java Platform targeting applications running on
workstations
2. Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition (J2EE)
• Component-based approach to developing distributed,
multi-tier enterprise applications
3. Java 2 Platform, Micro Edition (J2ME)
• Targeted at small, stand-alone or connectable
consumer and embedded devices
Origin of Java
James Gosling & Patrick Naughton at 1990
Goal : to develop distributed system which is
applicable to electronic products(platform
independent)
James Gosling
• James Gosling is generally
credited as the inventor of the
Java programming language
• He was the first designer of
Java and implemented its
original compiler and virtual
machine
• He is also known as the Father
of Java.
Brief History of Java
• In 1990, Sun Microsystems began an internal project known as
the Green Project to work on a new technology.
• In 1992, the Green Project was spun off and its interest directed
toward building highly interactive devices for the cable TV
industry. This failed to materialize.
• In 1994, the focus of the original team was re-targeted, this time
to the use of Internet technology. A small web browser called
HotJava was written.
• Oak was renamed to Java after learning that Oak had already
been trademarked.
• In 1995, Java was first publicly released.
• In 1996, Java Development Kit (JDK) 1.0 was released.
• In 2002, JDK 1.4 (codename Merlin) was released, the most
widely used version.
• In 2004, JDK 5.0 (codename Tiger) was released.
• The latest version of java is jdk 8.0.
JDK Versions
• JDK Alpha and Beta (1995)
• JDK 1.0 (23rd Jan, 1996)
• JDK 1.1 (19th Feb, 1997)
• J2SE 1.2 (8th Dec, 1998)
• J2SE 1.3 (8th May, 2000)
• J2SE 1.4 (6th Feb, 2002)
• J2SE 5.0 (30th Sep, 2004)
• Java SE 6 (11th Dec, 2006)
• Java SE 7 (28th July, 2011)
• Java SE 8 (18th March, 2014)
Understanding JDK, JRE and JVM
Understanding JDK & JRE
JDK
➢ JDK is an acronym for Java Development Kit.
➢ It physically exists. It contains JRE and development tools.
JRE
➢ JRE is an acronym for Java Runtime Environment.
➢ It is the implementation of JVM and used to provide runtime
environment.
➢ It contains set of libraries and other files that JVM uses at
runtime.
Understanding JVM
➢ JVM (Java Virtual Machine) is an abstract machine.
➢ It is a specification that provides runtime environment in
which java byte code can be executed.
➢ JVMs are available for many hardware and software
platforms.
➢ The JVM performs following main tasks:
• Loads code
• Verifies code
• Executes code
• Provides runtime environment
Internal Architecture of JVM
How Java is Platform-independent?
How Java is Platform-independent?
How Java is Platform-independent?
➢ The source code (program) written in java is saved as a
file with .java extension.
➢ The java compiler “javac” compiles the source code and
produces the platform independent intermediate code
called BYTE CODE. It is a highly optimized set of
instructions designed to be executed by the JVM.
How Java is Platform-independent?
➢ The byte code is not native to any platform because java
compiler doesn’t interact with the local platform while
generating byte code.
➢ It means that the Byte code generated on Windows is
same as the byte code generated on Linux for the same
java code.
➢ The Byte code generated by the compiler would be saved
as a file with .class extension. As it is not generated for
any platform, can’t be directly executed on any CPU.
Java Libraries, Middle-ware,
and Database options
➢ java.lang
➢ java.util
➢ java.sql
➢ java.io
➢ java.nio
➢ java.awt
➢ javax.swing
