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Java Platform Overview

This document provides an overview of the Java programming language, including its history, characteristics, editions, and key components like the JDK, JRE, and JVM. It discusses how Java is platform independent through the use of bytecode, and surveys some common Java libraries, middleware, and database options.

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quantumtrend29
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17 views

Java Platform Overview

This document provides an overview of the Java programming language, including its history, characteristics, editions, and key components like the JDK, JRE, and JVM. It discusses how Java is platform independent through the use of bytecode, and surveys some common Java libraries, middleware, and database options.

Uploaded by

quantumtrend29
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CSE310: Programming in Java

Topic: Java Platform Overview


Outlines
• Introduction
• Why Java?
• Where it is used?
• Characteristics of Java
• Java Platform Editions
• Evolution of Java
• Understanding JDK, JRE and JVM
• How Java is platform-independent
• Evaluating Java libraries, middle-ware, and database
options
Introduction
➢ Java is a general purpose object-oriented programming
language.

➢ Java is a high level, robust, secured and platform


independent.

➢ Developed by Sun Microsystems (James Gosling).

Platform: Any hardware or software environment in


which a program runs, is known as a platform.
Why Java?

➢ Java is the Internet programming language.

➢ Java enables users to develop and deploy applications


on the Internet for servers, desktop computers, and
small hand-held devices.
Where it is Used?
➢ According to Sun, 3 billion devices run java.

• Desktop Applications such as acrobat reader, media player,


antivirus etc.

• Web Applications such as irctc.co.in, javatpoint.com etc.

• Enterprise Applications such as banking applications.

• Mobile Applications

• Embedded System, Smart Card, Robotics, Games etc.


Characteristics of Java
• Java Is Simple
• Java Is Object-Oriented
• Java Is Distributed
• Java Is Interpreted
• Java Is Robust
• Java Is Secure
• Java Is Architecture-Neutral
• Java Is Portable
• Java's Performance
• Java Is Multithreaded
• Java Is Dynamic
Java Platform Editions

• A Java Platform is the set of APIs, class libraries, and


other programs used in developing Java programs for
specific applications.
There are 3 Java Platform Editions
1. Java 2 Platform, Standard Edition (J2SE)
• Core Java Platform targeting applications running on
workstations

2. Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition (J2EE)


• Component-based approach to developing distributed,
multi-tier enterprise applications

3. Java 2 Platform, Micro Edition (J2ME)


• Targeted at small, stand-alone or connectable
consumer and embedded devices
Origin of Java
James Gosling & Patrick Naughton at 1990

Goal : to develop distributed system which is


applicable to electronic products(platform
independent)
James Gosling
• James Gosling is generally
credited as the inventor of the
Java programming language

• He was the first designer of


Java and implemented its
original compiler and virtual
machine
• He is also known as the Father
of Java.
Brief History of Java
• In 1990, Sun Microsystems began an internal project known as
the Green Project to work on a new technology.

• In 1992, the Green Project was spun off and its interest directed
toward building highly interactive devices for the cable TV
industry. This failed to materialize.

• In 1994, the focus of the original team was re-targeted, this time
to the use of Internet technology. A small web browser called
HotJava was written.
• Oak was renamed to Java after learning that Oak had already
been trademarked.
• In 1995, Java was first publicly released.

• In 1996, Java Development Kit (JDK) 1.0 was released.

• In 2002, JDK 1.4 (codename Merlin) was released, the most


widely used version.

• In 2004, JDK 5.0 (codename Tiger) was released.

• The latest version of java is jdk 8.0.


JDK Versions
• JDK Alpha and Beta (1995)
• JDK 1.0 (23rd Jan, 1996)
• JDK 1.1 (19th Feb, 1997)
• J2SE 1.2 (8th Dec, 1998)
• J2SE 1.3 (8th May, 2000)
• J2SE 1.4 (6th Feb, 2002)
• J2SE 5.0 (30th Sep, 2004)
• Java SE 6 (11th Dec, 2006)
• Java SE 7 (28th July, 2011)
• Java SE 8 (18th March, 2014)
Understanding JDK, JRE and JVM
Understanding JDK & JRE
JDK
➢ JDK is an acronym for Java Development Kit.
➢ It physically exists. It contains JRE and development tools.

JRE
➢ JRE is an acronym for Java Runtime Environment.
➢ It is the implementation of JVM and used to provide runtime
environment.
➢ It contains set of libraries and other files that JVM uses at
runtime.
Understanding JVM
➢ JVM (Java Virtual Machine) is an abstract machine.
➢ It is a specification that provides runtime environment in
which java byte code can be executed.
➢ JVMs are available for many hardware and software
platforms.

➢ The JVM performs following main tasks:


• Loads code
• Verifies code
• Executes code
• Provides runtime environment
Internal Architecture of JVM
How Java is Platform-independent?
How Java is Platform-independent?
How Java is Platform-independent?

➢ The source code (program) written in java is saved as a


file with .java extension.

➢ The java compiler “javac” compiles the source code and


produces the platform independent intermediate code
called BYTE CODE. It is a highly optimized set of
instructions designed to be executed by the JVM.
How Java is Platform-independent?
➢ The byte code is not native to any platform because java
compiler doesn’t interact with the local platform while
generating byte code.

➢ It means that the Byte code generated on Windows is


same as the byte code generated on Linux for the same
java code.

➢ The Byte code generated by the compiler would be saved


as a file with .class extension. As it is not generated for
any platform, can’t be directly executed on any CPU.
Java Libraries, Middle-ware,
and Database options
➢ java.lang
➢ java.util
➢ java.sql
➢ java.io
➢ java.nio
➢ java.awt
➢ javax.swing

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