Designation: D1405/D1405M − 08 (Reapproved 2013)

Standard Test Method for

Estimation of Net Heat of Combustion of Aviation Fuels1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1405/D1405M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.

1. Scope 1.4 The heat of combustion may also be determined in SI

1.1 This test method covers the estimation of the net heat of units by Test Method D4529. Test Method D4529 requires
combustion at constant pressure in SI units (megajoules per calculation of a single equation for all aviation fuels with a
kilogram) or inch-pound units [Btu per pound]. precision equivalent to that of this test method.
1.2 This test method is purely empirical and is applicable 1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
only to liquid hydrocarbon fuels derived by normal refining are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
processes from conventional crude oil, which conform to the each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
requirements of specifications for aviation gasolines, or aircraft system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
turbine and jet engine fuels of limited boiling ranges and values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
compositions as described in Note 1. with the standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
NOTE 1—The estimation of the net heat of combustion of a hydrocarbon
fuel from aniline-gravity product is justifiable only when the fuel belongs safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
to a well-defined class for which a relation between heat of combustion responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
and aniline-gravity product has been derived from accurate experimental priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
measurements on representative samples of that class. Even in this case, bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
the possibility that the estimates may be in error by large amounts for
individual fuels should be recognized. The classes of fuels used to
establish the correlation presented in this test method are represented by 2. Referenced Documents
the following specifications: 2.1 ASTM Standards:2
Fuel Specification D129 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Gen-
Aviation gasoline fuels: Specification D910
Grades 80, 82, 100/130, and 115/145 Specification D6227
eral High Pressure Decomposition Device Method)
DEF STAN 91–90 D240 Test Method for Heat of Combustion of Liquid Hy-
NATO Code F-18 drocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter
Aviation turbine fuels: MIL-DTL-5624
D287 Test Method for API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and
JP-4,Avtag/FSII DEF STAN 91–88 Petroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)
NATO Code F-40 D611 Test Methods for Aniline Point and Mixed Aniline
JP-5,Avcat/FSII MIL-DTL-5624
Point of Petroleum Products and Hydrocarbon Solvents
DEF STAN 91–86 D910 Specification for Aviation Gasolines
NATO Code F-44 D941 Test Method for Density and Relative Density (Spe-
Jet A, Jet A-1, Avtur Specification D1655
cific Gravity) of Liquids by Lipkin Bicapillary Pycnom-
DEF STAN 91–91 eter (Withdrawn 1993)3
NATO Code F-35 D1217 Test Method for Density and Relative Density (Spe-
1.3 This test method is not applicable to pure hydrocarbons. cific Gravity) of Liquids by Bingham Pycnometer
It is not intended as a substitute for experimental measurements D1250 Guide for Use of the Petroleum Measurement Tables
of heat of combustion. D1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Lamp
Method)
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
2
D02.05 on Properties of Fuels, Petroleum Coke and Carbon Material. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved May 1, 2013. Published August 2013. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at [email protected]. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1956. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D1405/D1405M – 08. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/D1405_D1405M-08R13. the ASTM website.
3
This test method has been approved by the sponsoring committee and accepted The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
by the Cooperating Societies in accordance with established procedures. www.astm.org.

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 D1405/D1405M − 08 (2013)
D1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API gravity. These relations, assuming the sample to be sulfur free,
Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Prod- are given by the following equations:
ucts by Hydrometer Method 3.1.1 Where the net heat of combustion is required in SI
D1655 Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuels units (Note 2) (megajoules per kilogram):
D2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Type Fuel Equation
Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry Aviation gasoline, Grades
100–130 and 115–145 Qp s netd 5 41.95571 (1)
D3120 Test Method for Trace Quantities of Sulfur in Light
Liquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Microcou- 0.00020543 s A 3 G d
lometry
D4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API JP-4
Qp s netd 5 41.81451 (2)
Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
0.00024563 s A 3 G d
D4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and Petroleum
Products by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spec- JP-5
Qp s netd 5 41.66801 (3)
trometry
D4529 Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combus- 0.00024563 s A 3 G d
tion of Aviation Fuels
D4809 Test Method for Heat of Combustion of Liquid Kerosine Jet A or A-1
Qp s netd 5 41.67961 (4)
Hydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter (Precision
Method) 0.00025407 s A 3 G d
D5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur in where:
Light Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, Diesel Qp (net) = net heat of combustion, MJ/kg, on a sulfur-free basis,
Engine Fuel, and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet Fluorescence A = aniline point, °F, and
G = gravity, °API.
D6227 Specification for Unleaded Aviation Gasoline Con-
taining a Non-hydrocarbon Component NOTE 2—In SI, the unit of heat of combustion has the dimensions J/kg,
2.2 U.S. Military Standards:4 but for practical use a multiple is more convenient. The megajoule per
kilogram (MJ/kg) is 106 J/kg and is customarily used for the representa-
MIL-DTL-5624 Aviation Turbine Fuels, Grades JP-4, JP-5, tion of heats of combustion of petroleum fuels, particularly for mixtures
and JP-5/JP-8 ST such as those covered in this International Standard.
MIL-T-83133 Aviation Turbine Fuel, Grade JP-8
3.1.2 Where the net heat of combustion is required in
2.3 Directorate of Standardization, Ministry of Defence:5
inch-pound units or British Thermal Units [Btu per pound].
DEF STAN 91–86 Aviation Turbine Fuel, High Flash Kero-
sene Type with Fuel System Icing Inhibitor Type Fuel Equation
Aviation gasoline, Grades
DEF STAN 91–88 Aviation Turbine Fuel, Wide Cut Type 100–130 and 115–145 Qp s netd 5 18 037.71 (5)
with Fuel System Icing Inhibitor
0.0883 s A 3 G d
DEF STAN 91–90 Aviation Gasoline 80 and 100LL
DEF STAN 91–91 Aviation Turbine Fuel, Kerosene Type, JP-4
Qp s netd 5 17 9771 (6)
Jet A-1
2.4 NATO Codes:5 0.1056 s A 3 G d
F-18 Aviation Gasoline
F-35 Aviation Turbine Fuel, Jet A Type JP-5
Qp s netd 5 17 914 (7)
F-40 Aviation Turbine Fuel, Grade JP-4
F-44 Aviation Turbine Fuel, Grade JP-5 10.1056 s A 3 G d

3. Summary of Test Method Kerosine Jet A or A-1

Qp s netd 5 17 9191 (8)
6,7
3.1 Correlations have been established between the net 0.10923 s A 3 G d
heat of combustion and the product of the aniline point and API
where:
4
Qp (net) = net heat of combustion, Btu/lb, on a sulfur-free basis,
Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4, A = aniline point, °F, and
Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http:// G = gravity, °API.
www.dodssp.daps.mil.
5
Available from Directorate of Standardization, Stan Ops I, Room 1138, 3.2 To correct for the effect of the sulfur content of the
Kentigern House, 65 Brown Street, Glasgow, G2 8EX, U.K.
6
sample on the net heat of combustion, apply the following
Cogliano, J. A., and Jessup, R. S., “Relation Between Net Heat of Combustion
equation:
and Aniline-Gravity Product of Aircraft Fuels,” ASTM Bulletin, ASTBA, No. 201,
October 1954, p. 55 (TP 217); also the National Institute of Standards and 3.2.1 Where the net heat of combustion is required in SI
Technology findings as reported by Armstrong, G. T., Jessup, R. S., and Mears, T. units (megajoules per kilogram):
W., “Net Heat of Combustion of Aviation Gasoline and its Correlations with Other
Properties,” Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data, Vol 3, 1958, pp. 20–28. Q' 5 Qp~ net! 3 @ 1 2 0.01~ S ! # 10.1016~ S ! (9)
7
Armstrong, G. T., Fano, L., Jessup, R. S., Marantz, S., Mears, T. W., and
Walker, J. A., “Net Heat of Combustion and Other Properties of Kerosene and where:
Related Fuels,” Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data, National Institute of Q' = net heat of combustion, MJ/kg, of the sample
Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD. Vol 7, No. 1, January 1962, pp.
containing S % sulfur,
107–117.
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 D1405/D1405M − 08 (2013)

S = sulfur content of the sample, mass, %, and TABLE 1 Values of Q' for Aviation Gasolines Calculated from Eq
1 and Eq 9 in MJ/kg
0.1016 = a constant based on the thermo-chemical data on
sulfur compounds. Aniline- Net Heat of Combustion, MJ/kg
Gravity 0% Sulfur 0.1% Sulfur 0.2% Sulfur 0.3% Sulfur 0.4% Sulfur
3.2.2 Where the net heat of combustion is required in Product
inch-pound units or British Thermal Units [Btu per pound]: 4 000 42.777 42.745 42.712 42.680 42.647
4 200 42.819 42.786 42.753 42.721 42.688
Q' 5 Qp~ net! 3 @ 1 2 0.01~ S ! # 143.7~ S ! (10) 4 400 42.860 42.827 42.794 42.761 42.729
4 600 42.901 42.868 42.835 42.802 42.770
where: 4 800 42.942 42.909 42.876 42.843 42.811
Q' = net heat of combustion, Btu/lb, of the sample con- 5 000 42.983 42.950 42.917 42.884 42.852
taining S % sulfur, 5 200 43.024 42.991 42.958 42.925 42.892
S = sulfur content of the sample, mass %, and 5 400 43.065 43.032 42.999 42.966 42.933
5 600 43.106 43.073 43.040 43.007 42.974
43.7 = a constant based on the thermochemical data on 5 800 43.147 43.114 43.081 43.048 43.015
sulfur compounds.
6 000 43.188 43.155 43.122 43.089 43.056
3.3 The empirical linear Eq 1-4 and Eq 5-9 for the estimated 6 200 43.229 43.196 43.163 43.130 43.097
net heat of combustion were derived by the method of least 6 400 43.270 43.237 43.204 43.171 43.138
squares from accurate data on fuels, most of which conformed 6 600 43.312 43.278 43.245 43.212 43.179
6 800 43.353 43.319 43.286 43.253 43.220
at least approximately to specifications for aviation gasolines,
or aircraft turbine and jet engine fuels of Types JP-4 and JP-5 7 000 43.394 43.360 43.327 43.294 43.261
and to Specification D1655, Jet A and A-1. 7 200 43.435 43.402 43.368 43.335 43.302
7 400 43.476 43.443 43.409 43.376 43.343
7 600 43.517 43.484 43.450 43.417 43.384
4. Significance and Use 7 800 43.558 43.525 43.491 43.458 43.424

4.1 This test method is intended for use as a guide in cases 8 000 43.599 43.566 43.532 43.499 43.465
where an experimental determination of heat of combustion is 8 200 43.640 43.607 43.573 43.540 43.506
8 400 43.681 43.648 43.614 43.581 43.547
not available and cannot be made conveniently, and where an 8 600 43.722 43.689 43.655 43.622 43.588
estimate is considered satisfactory. It is not intended as a 8 800 43.763 43.730 43.696 43.663 43.629
substitute for experimental measurements of heat of combus-
9 000 43.805 43.771 43.737 43.704 43.670
tion. 9 200 43.846 43.812 43.778 43.745 43.711
9 400 43.887 43.853 43.819 43.786 43.752
NOTE 3—The procedure for the experimental determination of the net 9 600 43.928 43.894 43.860 43.827 43.793
heat of combustion is described in Test Methods D240 and D4809. 9 800 43.969 43.935 43.901 43.867 43.834

5. Procedure 10 000 44.010 43.976 43.942 43.908 43.875

10 200 44.051 44.017 43.983 43.949 43.916
5.1 Determine the aniline points of the sample to the nearest 10 400 44.092 44.058 44.024 43.990 43.956
10 600 44.133 44.099 44.065 44.031 43.997
0.05°C [0.1°F] as described in Test Method D611. 10 800 44.174 44.140 44.106 44.072 44.038
5.2 Determine the API gravity of the sample to the nearest
11 000 44.215 44.181 44.147 44.113 44.079
0.1° API as described in Test Method D287. Alternatively, 11 200 44.257 44.222 44.188 44.154 44.120
determine the relative density by Test Methods D941, D1217, 11 400 44.298 44.263 44.229 44.195 44.161
and D4052 and correct the result to API gravity by Guide 11 600 44.339 44.305 44.270 44.236 44.202
11 800 44.380 44.346 44.311 44.277 44.243
D1250. 12 000 44.421 44.387 44.352 44.318 44.284
5.3 Determine the sulfur content of the sample to the nearest
0.02 % sulfur as described in Test Methods D129, D1266, 6.2 From Tables 1-8, make a linear interpolation between
D2622, D3120, D4294, or D5453 depending upon the volatil- rows bracketing the aniline-gravity products and within col-
ity of the sample. umns bracketing the sulfur content of the sample. Use the table
applicable to the type of product being tested. Thus, use Table
6. Calculation 1 or Table 5 for Aviation Gasolines, Table 2 or Table 6 for JP-4
6.1 Calculate the product of the aniline point in degrees jet-type fuels; Table 3 or Table 7 for JP-5 jet type fuels, and
Fahrenheit and the gravity in degrees API; round off the value Table 4 or Table 8 for kerosene-type aviation turbine fuels
obtained to the nearest integer. (Specification D1655, Jet A or A-1).

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TABLE 2 Values of Q’ for JP-4 Fuels Calculated from Eq 2 and By interpolation from Table 2:
Eq 9 in MJ/kg A× G 0 % Sulfur 0.1 % Sulfur 0.2 % Sulfur
Net Heat of Combustion, MJ/kg 7400 43.632 43.565
Aniline-
7508A 43.659B 43.625C 43.592B
Gravity 0% 0.2% 0.4% 0.6% 0.8% 1.0% 7600 43.681 43.614
Product Sulfur Sulfur Sulfur Sulfur Sulfur Sulfur By interpolation from Table 6:
5 200 43.092 43.026 42.960 42.894 42.828 42.762 A×G 0.0 % Sulfur 0.1 % Sulfur 0.2 % Sulfur
5 400 43.141 43.075 43.009 42.943 42.877 42.811
5 600 43.190 43.124 43.058 42.992 42.926 42.860 7400 18 758 18 729
5 800 43.239 43.173 43.107 43.041 42.975 42.908 7508A 18 769B 18 755C 18 740B
7600 18 779 18 750
6 000 43.288 43.222 43.156 43.090 43.023 42.957
A
6 200 43.337 43.271 43.205 43.138 43.072 43.006 Value calculated from determined values.
B
6 400 43.387 43.320 43.254 43.187 43.121 43.054 First step interpolation between rows in columns bracketing the sulfur content.
C
6 600 43.436 43.369 43.303 43.236 43.169 43.103 Second step interpolation within a row between columns.
6 800 43.485 43.418 43.351 43.285 43.218 43.152
7 000 43.534 43.467 43.400 43.334 43.267 43.200 6.3.1.3 Estimated Net Heat of Combustion:
43.625 MJ/kg
7 200 43.583 43.516 43.449 43.383 43.316 43.249 [18 755 Btu/lb]
7 400 43.632 43.565 43.498 43.431 43.364 43.297
7 600 43.681 43.614 43.547 43.480 43.413 43.346 7. Report
7 800 43.730 43.663 43.596 43.529 43.462 43.395
8 000 43.780 43.712 43.645 43.578 43.511 43.443 7.1 Report the result in megajoule per kilogram to the
nearest 0.001 or [British thermal units per pound] to the nearest
integer as estimated Net Heat of Combustion, D1405 or
TABLE 3 Values of Q' for JP-5 Fuels Calculated from Eq 3 and Eq [D1405M].
9 in MJ/kg
Analine- Net Heat of Combustion, MJ/kg 8. Precision and Bias
Gravity 0% 0.2% 0.4% 0.6% 0.8% 1.0% 8.1 Repeatability—The difference between successive test
Product Sulfur Sulfur Sulfur Sulfur Sulfur Sulfur
results obtained by the same operator with the apparatus under
4 200 42.700 42.635 42.569 42.504 42.439 42.374
4 400 42.749 42.684 42.618 42.553 42.488 42.423
constant operating conditions on identical test material (using
4 600 42.798 42.733 42.667 42.602 42.537 42.472 a second set of measured values for the aniline point
4 800 42.847 42.782 42.716 42.651 42.586 42.520 temperature, the relative density, and the sulfur content deter-
5 000 42.896 42.831 42.765 42.700 42.634 42.569
5 200 42.945 42.880 42.814 42.749 42.683 42.617
mined by Test Methods D611, D1298, and D129, respectively)
5 400 42.994 42.929 42.863 42.797 42.732 42.666 would in the long run, in the normal and correct operation of
5 600 43.044 42.978 42.912 42.846 42.780 42.715 the test method, exceed the following value only in one case in
5 800 43.093 43.027 42.961 42.895 42.829 42.763
6 000 43.142 43.076 43.010 42.944 42.878 42.812
twenty:
6 200 43.191 43.125 43.059 42.993 42.927 42.861 Repeatability 5 0.012 MJ/kg or @ 5 Btu/lb# (11)
6 400 43.240 43.174 43.108 43.042 42.975 42.909
6 600 43.289 43.223 43.157 43.090 43.024 42.958 8.2 Reproducibility—The difference between two single and
6 800 43.338 43.272 43.206 43.139 43.073 43.007 independent results obtained by different operators working in
7 000 43.387 43.321 43.255 43.188 43.122 43.055
different laboratories on identical test material (using the
aniline point temperature, the relative density, and the sulfur
content determined by Test Methods D611, D1298, and D129,
respectively) would, in the long run, in the normal and correct
operation of the test method, exceed the following values only
6.3 From the values obtained in 6.2, make a linear interpo-
in one case in twenty:
lation for the sulfur content within the row for the calculated

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aniline gravity constant. Reproducibility 5 0.035 MJ/kg or @ 15 Btu/lb# (12)
NOTE 4—Use of fuel property data obtained with greater or lesser
6.3.1 Example: precision than that of the methods indicated will have a like trend on the
Sample: JP-4 Fuel precision of the predicted heat of combustion.
6.3.1.1 Determined Values: 8.3 Bias—No general statement is made on bias for the
Aniline point, A = 137°F standard, since the data used to determine the correlation
Gravity, G = 54.8° API cannot be compared with accepted reference materials.
Sulfur content = 0.10 mass % 9. Keywords
6.3.1.2 Calculated Value: 9.1 aviation fuel; gross heat of combustion; heat energy;
A × G product = 7508 heat of combustion; heating tests; net heat of combustion

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 D1405/D1405M − 08 (2013)
TABLE 4 Values of Q' for Aviation Turbine Fuels Jet A and A-1
Calculated from Eq 4 and Eq 9 in MJ/kg
Aniline- Net Heat of Combustion, MJ/kg
Gravity 0% Sulfur 0.1% Sulfur 0.2% Sulfur 0.3% Sulfur 0.4% Sulfur
Product
4 200 42.747 42.714 42.682 42.649 42.616
4 400 42.798 42.765 42.732 42.700 42.667
4 600 42.848 42.816 42.783 42.750 42.718
4 800 42.899 42.866 42.834 42.801 42.768
5 000 42.950 42.917 42.884 42.852 42.819
5 200 43.001 42.968 42.935 42.902 42.869
5 400 43.052 43.019 42.986 42.953 42.920
5 600 43.102 43.069 43.037 43.004 42.971
5 800 43.153 43.120 43.087 43.054 43.021
6 000 43.204 43.171 43.138 43.105 43.072
6 200 43.255 43.222 43.189 43.156 43.122
6 400 43.306 43.273 43.239 43.206 43.173
6 600 43.356 43.323 43.290 43.257 43.224
6 800 43.407 43.374 43.341 43.308 43.274
7 000 43.458 43.425 43.391 43.358 43.325
7 200 43.509 43.476 43.442 43.409 43.376
7 400 43.560 43.526 43.493 43.460 43.426
7 600 43.611 43.577 43.544 43.510 43.477
7 800 43.661 43.628 43.594 43.561 43.527
8 000 43.712 43.679 43.645 43.612 43.578
8 200 43.763 43.729 43.696 43.662 43.629
8 400 43.814 43.780 43.746 43.713 43.679
8 600 43.865 43.831 43.797 43.763 43.730
8 800 43.915 43.882 43.848 43.814 43.780
9 000 43.966 43.932 43.899 43.865 43.831
9 200 44.017 43.983 43.949 43.915 43.882
9 400 44.068 44.034 44.000 43.966 43.932
9 600 44.119 44.085 44.051 44.017 43.983
9 800 44.169 44.135 44.101 44.067 44.033
10 000 44.220 44.186 44.152 44.118 44.084

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 D1405/D1405M − 08 (2013)
TABLE 5 Values of Q' for Aviation Gasolines Calculated from Eq 5 and Eq 10 in [Btu/lb]
Aniline- Net Heat of Combustion, Btu/lb
Gravity 0% Sulfur 0.1% Sulfur 0.2% Sulfur 0.3% Sulfur 0.4% Sulfur
Product
4 000 18 391 18 377 18 363 18 349 18 335
4 200 18 409 18 395 18 381 18 367 18 352
4 400 18 426 18 412 18 398 18 384 18 370
4 600 18 444 18 430 18 416 18 402 18 388
4 800 18 462 18 448 18 433 18 419 18 405
5 000 18 479 18 465 18 451 18 437 18 423
5 200 18 497 18 483 18 469 18 455 18 440
5 400 18 515 18 500 18 486 18 472 18 458
5 600 18 532 18 518 18 504 18 490 18 476
5 800 18 550 18 536 18 522 18 507 18 493
6 000 18 568 18 553 18 539 18 525 18 511
6 200 18 585 18 571 18 557 18 543 18 528
6 400 18 603 18 589 18 574 18 560 18 546
6 600 18 621 18 606 18 592 18 578 18 564
6 800 18 638 18 624 18 610 18 595 18 581
7 000 18 656 18 642 18 627 18 613 18 599
7 200 18 674 18 659 18 645 18 631 18 616
7 400 18 691 18 677 18 663 18 648 18 634
7 600 18 709 18 695 18 680 18 666 18 652
7 800 18 727 18 712 18 698 18 684 18 669
8 000 18 744 18 730 18 716 18 701 18 687
8 200 18 762 18 748 18 733 18 719 18 704
8 400 18 780 18 765 18 751 18 736 18 722
8 600 18 797 18 783 18 768 18 754 18 740
8 800 18 815 18 800 18 786 18 772 18 757
9 000 18 833 18 818 18 804 18 789 18 775
9 200 18 850 18 836 18 821 18 807 18 792
9 400 18 868 18 853 18 839 18 824 18 810
9 600 18 886 18 871 18 857 18 842 18 828
9 800 18 903 18 889 18 874 18 860 18 845
10 000 18 921 18 906 18 892 18 877 18 863
10 200 18 939 18 924 18 909 18 895 18 880
10 400 18 956 18 942 18 927 18 912 18 898
10 600 18 974 18 959 18 945 18 930 18 915
10 800 18 992 18 977 18 962 18 948 18 933
11 000 19 009 18 995 18 980 18 965 18 951
11 200 19 027 19 012 18 998 18 983 18 968
11 400 19 045 19 030 19 015 19 001 18 986
11 600 19 062 19 048 19 033 19 018 19 003
11 800 19 080 19 065 19 050 19 036 19 021
12 000 19 098 19 083 19 068 19 053 19 039

TABLE 6 Values of Q’ for JP-4 Fuels Calculated from Eq 6 and Eq 10 in [Btu/lb]

Net Heat of Combustion, Btu/lb
Aniline-Gravity Product
0% Sulfur 0.2% Sulfur 0.4% Sulfur 0.6% Sulfur 0.8% Sulfur 1.0% Sulfur
5 200 18 526 18 498 18 469 18 441 18 413 18 384
5 400 18 547 18 519 18 490 18 462 18 434 18 405
5 600 18 568 18 540 18 511 18 483 18 454 18 426
5 800 18 589 18 561 18 532 18 504 18 475 18 447
6 000 18 611 18 583 18 554 18 526 18 497 18 469

6 200 18 632 18 603 18 575 18 547 18 518 18 489

6 400 18 653 18 624 18 596 18 568 18 539 18 510
6 600 18 674 18 645 18 617 18 588 18 560 18 531
--``,,```,````,`,,,,`,,``,```,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

6 800 18 695 18 666 18 638 18 609 18 580 18 552

7 000 18 716 18 687 18 659 18 630 18 601 18 573

7 200 18 737 18 708 18 680 18 651 18 622 18 593

7 400 18 758 18 729 18 700 18 672 18 643 18 614
7 600 18 779 18 750 18 721 18 693 18 664 18 635
7 800 18 800 18 771 18 742 18 714 18 685 18 656
8 000 18 821 18 792 18 763 18 735 18 706 18 677

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 D1405/D1405M − 08 (2013)
TABLE 7 Values of Q' for JP-5 Fuels Calculated from Eq 7 and Eq 10 in [Btu/lb]
Net Heat of Combustion, Btu/lb
Aniline-Gravity Product
0% Sulfur 0.2% Sulfur 0.4% Sulfur 0.6% Sulfur 0.8% Sulfur 1.0% Sulfur
4 200 18 358 18 330 18 302 18 274 18 246 18 218
4 400 18 379 18 351 18 323 18 295 18 267 18 239
4 600 18 400 18 372 18 344 18 316 18 288 18 260
4 800 18 421 18 393 18 365 18 337 18 309 18 280
5 000 18 442 18 414 18 386 18 358 18 329 18 301

5 200 18 463 18 435 18 407 18 378 18 350 18 322

5 400 18 484 18 456 18 428 18 399 18 371 18 343
5 600 18 505 18 477 18 448 18 420 18 392 18 364
5 800 18 526 18 498 18 469 18 441 18 413 18 384
6 000 18 548 18 520 18 491 18 463 18 435 18 406

6 200 18 569 18 541 18 512 18 484 18 455 18 427

6 400 18 590 18 562 18 533 18 505 18 476 18 448
6 600 18 611 18 583 18 554 18 526 18 498 18 469
6 800 18 632 18 604 18 575 18 547 18 519 18 490
7 000 18 653 18 625 18 596 18 568 18 540 18 511

TABLE 8 Values of Q' for Aviation Turbine Fuels Jet A and A-1
(Specification D1655) Calculated from Eq 8 and Eq 10 in [Btu/lb]
Aniline- Net Heat of Combustion, Btu/lb
Gravity 0% Sulfur 0.05% Sulfur 0.10% Sulfur 0.15% Sulfur 0.20% Sulfur
Product
4 200 18 378 18 371 18 364 18 357 18 350
4 400 18 400 18 393 18 386 18 379 18 372
4 600 18 421 18 414 18 407 18 400 18 393
4 800 18 443 18 436 18 429 18 422 18 415
5 000 18 465 18 458 18 451 18 444 18 437
5 200 18 487 18 480 18 473 18 466 18 459
5 400 18 509 18 502 18 495 18 488 18 481
5 600 18 531 18 524 18 517 18 509 18 502
5 800 18 553 18 545 18 538 18 531 18 524
6 000 18 574 18 567 18 560 18 553 18 546
6 200 18 596 18 589 18 582 18 575 18 568
6 400 18 618 18 611 18 604 18 597 18 590
6 600 18 640 18 633 18 626 18 619 18 611
6 800 18 662 18 655 18 647 18 640 18 633
7 000 18 684 18 676 18 669 18 662 18 655
7 200 18 705 18 698 18 691 18 684 18 677
7 400 18 727 18 720 18 713 18 706 18 699
7 600 18 749 18 742 18 735 18 728 18 720
7 800 18 771 18 764 18 757 18 749 18 742
8 000 18 793 18 786 18 778 18 771 18 764
8 200 18 815 18 807 18 800 18 793 18 786
8 400 18 837 18 829 18 822 18 815 18 808
8 600 18 858 18 851 18 844 18 837 18 829
8 800 18 880 18 873 18 866 18 858 18 851
9 000 18 902 18 895 18 888 18 880 18 873
9 200 18 924 18 917 18 909 18 902 18 895
9 400 18 946 18 938 18 931 18 924 18 917
9 600 18 968 18 960 18 953 18 946 18 938
9 800 18 989 18 982 18 975 18 968 18 960
10 000 19 011 19 004 18 997 18 989 18 982

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in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk
of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.
--``,,```,````,`,,,,`,,``,```,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

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