Gandhinagar Institute of Technology a i CSE (2150909) ALA Presentation On “Open loop and Closed loop system” Prepared By: Soham Gaijjar N Guided By: ‘Sem:- 5" Electrical Engineering Department Batch ~ AlDEFINITION OF SYSTEM AND CONTROL SYSTEM * System: A collection or arrangement of physical components for desired purpose. * Control system: The control system is that means by which any quantity of interest in a machine, mechanism or other equipment is maintained or altered in accordance with a desiredTYPES OF CONTROL SYSTEM According to their construction Open-loop control system Closed loop control system According to their control operation Manual control system Automatic control systemOPEN-LOOP CONTROL SYSTEM * Any physical system which does not automatically correct for variation in its output , is called an open-loop control system. * In this type of the system no any feedback element is connected Controlled Input Output Controller Plant >EXAMPLES OF OPEN-LOOP CONTROL SYSTEM + Automatic washing machine Input In automatic washing machine, we give dirty clothes as input and output is clean clothes. in automatic washing machine timer is set ,in fixed it complete it’s washing process. It does not detect clothes are cleaned in set time. So, Automatic machine is open-loop control system.CONTINUE... Electric hand Drier — *Hot air (out put) comes out ,When you keep your hand under the machine. *When you keep your hand under the machine starts for fixed time . *If you take your hand from under the machine early , machine does not off immediately . *It on for fixed time.ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF OPENLOOP CONTROL SYSTEM Advantages:- *They are simple in construction and design. “They are economic. *Easy maintenance. *Not much problem of stability. Disadvantages:- *In accurate and unreliable because accuracy is dependent on accuracy of calibration. *Inaccurate results are obtained with parameter variation, internal disturbance. *To maintain the quality and accuracy , recalibration of the system is necessary from time to time.CLOSED-LOOP CONTROL SYSTEM * Any physical system which does automatically correct for variation in its output, is called closed-loop control system. * Closed-loop control has feedback elements . Actuating Signal Manipulated Reference variable Controlled Input & +. Controller |_* =a variable Z Elements _ (Setpoint) 4 ac (Output) Feedback signal [FeedbackEXAMPLES OF CLOSED LOOP SYSTEMS * Missile tracking system In this mechanism radar continuously detect unknown flying object and then send the signal to the Diffe ce |_Error Power Diferenee|_Ereor | Sait | sealer brEXAMPLE * Examples of automatic control systems: temperature control using a room heater Forward path Inpet a Output (required Heater (actual temperature) temperature) Feedback path “Temperature sensorMODERN EXAMPLES OF CLOSED LOOP CONTROL SYSTEMADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES CLOSED-LOOP CONTROL SYSTEM * Advantages:- 1. Accuracy is very high as any error arising is corrected. 2. It senses changes in output due to environment or parametric changes, internal disturbance etc. and correct the same. 3. Reduced effect of non-linearties. * Disadvantages:- 1. Complicated in design and maintenance costlier. 2. System may become unstable 3. High bandwidth.RE