Real-time Embedded Electronics using

Wireless Connection for Soldier Security

C.Ashok Kumar Sudhakar Ajmera Bittu Kumar
Department of Electronics and Department of Electronics and Department of Electronics and
Communication Engineering, MLR Communication Engineering, MLR Communication Engineering, MLR
Institution of Technology, Institution of Technology, Institution of Technology,
Hyderabad, India Hyderabad, India Hyderabad, India
2022 International Conference on Advancements in Smart, Secure and Intelligent Computing (ASSIC) | 978-1-6654-6109-2/22/$31.00 ©2022 IEEE | DOI: 10.1109/ASSIC55218.2022.10088309

[email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

D. Srikar SVS Prasad J. Rohit Datta

Department of Electronics and Department of Electronics and Department of Electronics and
Communication Engineering, MLR Communication Engineering, MLR Communication Engineering, MLR
Institution of Technology, Institution of Technology, Institution of Technology,
Hyderabad, India Hyderabad, India Hyderabad, India
[email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

Abstract— One of the essential and important roles in a survey related to this research work. After that we included
country's protection is performed with the aid of the navy the related work which is very near to our research areas in
squaddies. Every year squaddies get strayed or injured and section-III. In section-IV, we have mentioned the existing
it's time consuming to do seek and rescue operations. In this system that is boost to improve in system further. In section-
paper, we present a WSN-primarily based environmental and
V, we have discussed about the methodologies which is
fitness tracking technique wherein sensor information is
processed using sturdy and solid algorithm carried out in taken for implementing the system in real-time mode. This
controller. The observed data or information is shared to section is also contained the information about the detail
control room or base station using Internet of Think (IoT) information about the peripheral devices and boards
technology. The developed mythologies are worked with including the sub module of the proposed system. The
excellent feaster using some peripheral devices like as tiny section-VI shows the hardware set of the proposed system. In
wearable psychological devices, sensors and transmission Next section-VII, the obtained results are mentioned with the
modules. Using these peripheral gadgets, it is viable to put procedure. Finally the section-VIII concludes the results with
into effect a low- cost mechanism to guard precious human future scope of the work.
life on the battlefield.
II. LITERATURE SURVEY
Keywords—Node-MCU, Pulse sensor, Push button, DHT-11,
GSM, GPS In [1], authors reported a system for detecting the solider
position using Global Positioning System (GPS) as well as
I. INTRODUCTION
Internet of Things (IoT). They have also discussed about this
Soldier is doing own responsibility at boarder developed system to use in health signal system. As we know
continually for nation safety. Time to time, he is going that during the war or living place of solider, mirror to mirror
through demise. He always Fights in maximum hard information is important for every soldier, it is done in Non-
terrains on hills and mountain, in plains and wooded area. stop communication by them at anywhere. Therefore, it can
For the safety purpose, the location of soldier’s position is aid to communicate between the two soldiers. For this
required in the control rooms or base station. Not only for purpose, we need a simple circuit that consumes low power
safety also for health monitoring purpose, it is necessary supply i.e., device and peripherals required low power.
information for any soldier or other supporting Normally, peripheral devices are carried low weight as well
officers/staffs which is associated with war. The position of as in smaller size. It can be also focused about the security
soldier in safeguarding the frontiers of his modest land is and safety for soldiers. GPS device gives the information
particular [1]. He lives and dies for us. This is undertaking about the location that is at available the soldier, also in case
a good way to be very useful for presenting health of monitoring the health issues of soldier, the system is
reputation of the soldiers. In our venture, we have come up important for parameter of health which provides the safety
with an idea of monitoring the Indian troops in addition to for soldiers.
present the status in their health circumstance in the course
of a battle, which enables in directing general navy In [2], authors reported a work which is based on the
operations and moves in a conflict [2]. fitness tracking device. This research work totally focused on
IoT-based fitness tracking device and also monitoring system
In this paper, we have implemented a system which is
to track the infantrymen. This counseled module can be horse
used to track the soldier position and also monitor the
back at the infantrymen body to locate their present health
health related problem of the soldier. This system is
status and gift role the usage of GPS. Those statistics can be
connected through the internet. It is developed using IoT
transferred using IoT device or technology (Via internet) into
technology that is used in this system for sharing the
base station. Developed module gives the feasible to
information about the soldier’s position and health related
implement in low cost circuit to shield the desired impact for
the information. In this paper, we also calculate an actual
the soldier that is existing on the struggle area. The
time fitness tracking of squaddies, which is interconnected
accumulated facts or results may be shared on the cloud
with BSNs In section-II, we presented the detail literature

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through the internet for the further examination or analysis low fee and high reliability.
in the next step and also for the predictions the usage of
okay manner clustering set of rules. In [3], authors
proposed a cell fitness tracking and mentioned on distinct IV. EXISTING SYSTEM
wearable, transportable with lesser weight/mass and light
weight bio-sensors that is advanced for tracking of the
soldier fitness popularity. The BSN consists of sensors GPS
along with temperature, heart beat and fuel sensors. These Receiver
devices are used to place on a soldier’s body for the
tracking of the real-time fitness situation monitoring. In
[4], for War Soldiers, researchers designed a Healthcare Buzzer
Monitoring system which is made by the help of machine Temperature &
learning and IoT technology. This system allows to navy Humidity Sensor Arduino Panic
control room or base station to music the placement and
observes the clinical popularity of squaddies the usage of UNO R3 Button
different sensors like as temperature sensor, coronary heart LCD Display Board
beat sensor, GPS and so forth. The obtained information
from sensors and/or GPS is shared through wireless from WiFi
ZigBee Machine that is located on the opposite of the Pulse Rate Sensor
soldiers. In addition, LoRa-WAN machine is recommended
to be used among the manager/officers and control room Control
war zones in which cell network coverage is both absent or Room
does. In [5], authors proposed a piece on IoT based totally
Fig. 1. Existing system
health tracking through LoRa-WAN in which accrued bio
sensor information is sent to analysis module via low price, The system shown in Fig 1 is implemented using
low power and relaxed verbal exchange the use of a LoRa- ATmega328P processor which is treated as the central unit
WAN community framework. Coronary heart-beat, of the brain/system. This is done with soldier’s kit that
temperature and glucose had been degree in rural regions in contains Soldier units like as LM35 sensor for detecting the
which cell network coverage is either does no longer temperature, pulse fee sensor, Groove-gasoline sensor, and
permit information transmission or absent. The average GPS receiver with Arduino. It is also considered Panic
vicinity blanketed with the aid of LoRa-WAN is round button, Buzzer for producing the sound, liquid crystal
33km while the LoRa-WAN gateway is put in out of doors display (LCD) for showing the output/response. The value of
the parameter is fixed through the pre-programmed within the
on a 12 meter altitude electricity intake of this monitoring
Arduino as in keeping with the encircling surroundings and
module is alleged to be at ten times much less than other the character underneath check. In our case, in present
lengthy range cell solutions [6]. reported experiment, we have chosen one sensor which is
III. RELATED WORK detected the temperature of body’s solider for the
verification purpose. Every time, the value of the
temperature is varied from the fixed value that is set as
In nowadays, internationally the safety of the kingdom threshold, gadget receives aware and addresses the observed
or country is totally depended on the enemies’ battle and so recorded vales to the control room for beeping the a buzzer
the safety or health of the soldiers is taken into device [11-12].
consideration as essential function in it. Relating to the
squaddies safety, there are numerous tools to observation V. PROPOSED SYSTEM
of their fitness fame and ammunitions on the squaddies. In The proposed system or device is not simply performing
soldiers protection, biosensors systems offers one-of-a-kind undertaking of wireless connection tracking system.
types of small physiological sensors, transmission modules However, additionally we use the tracking of infantrymen
and processing talents, Biomedical sensor and can hence using IoT technology. The manipulation room or base station
facilitate low-price wearable unobtrusive solutions for can gather the information about the soldiers. The bottom
health monitoring [6]. GSM helped to find the longitude station can get right of entry to the cutting-edge present
and range. Therefore it is easy to acknowledge the path of status by sharing through the IoT technology as unique
the soldier. Those gadgets are being delivered to guns, and monitoring facts about soldier or supporting officers get
militaries such as the Israeli an military which can be shared through system. Those facts can be accumulated on
exploring the possibility of embedding GPS devices into the internet or cloud for the extraction the information on the
squaddies vests and uniforms in order that area PC/laptop of base station or control room. Based totally on
commanders can track their soldier movements in real these facts, the government can start immediately movement
time[7-10]. GSM module can be used for effective variety via deploying a medical rescue crew or any backup pressure
of high-velocity transmission, short range and soldier-to- for his or her assist. The use of numerous biomedical
soldier wireless communications so that it will be required sensors, wireless parameters of a soldier is determined along
to relay statistics on situational consciousness, tactical with its surrounding surroundings situation located.
instructions, and covert surveillance related statistics in the • Hardware Requirements: Node-MCU Pulse sensor Push
course of unique operations reconnaissance and other button DHT-11 GSM,GPS
missions. So via the usage of this equipment we're looking
• Software Requirements: Arduino IDE Embedded c
to implement the primary lifeguarding device for soldier in

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 A. Node-MCU

Fig. 3. Circuit diagram of ESP8266 module

The programming transfer SW2 is processed by

pressing with keep the GPIO-zero pin to zero voltage i.e.,
ground. This is only way to give the input into the
programming mode and also include the code in the module.
Fig. 2. Node-MCU
B. ESP8266 Node-MCU Pinout:
The ESP8266 as shown in Fig.2, is a totally person
pleasant and occasional device cost to give net connectivity The ESP8266 Node-MCU is shown in Fig.4. It has
for soldier’s tasks. This sub-system module can paintings total 30 pins that communicate it to the other devices or
each as a get entry to point for creating the hotspot or peripheral devices. The all 30 pins connections are shown in
wireless internet connection and it connects to base station. Fig.4.
For this reason it may effortlessly fetch facts and shared it
to the net making internet of factors as easy as viable. it is
able to also fetch facts from net the use of API’s hence your
undertaking should access any records that is to be had in
the net, therefore making it smarter. Any other interesting
characteristic of this sub-system is that it may be
programmed using the Arduino IDE which uses it lots
greater user pleasant. But the present model of this sub-
system has most effective two GPIO pins, as per
requirement we can extend up to four. Hence, we ought to
help it together with every other microcontroller like
Arduino, else we could look onto the more standalone ESP-
12 or ESP-32 variations. So in this case, we have searched
out a module to get opened with IoT technology or to offer
internet connectivity in our task then this sub-system is the Fig. 4. Node-MCU Pinout
good preference for us. In literature, various methods along
C. Power Pins
with IDEs are reported, however the majority typical
methods is implemented on the Arduino IDE. Therefore, in
our work, we included this IDE to speak most effective There are 4 electricity pins viz. one VIN pin and 3rd Pin
about that similarly beneath. The ESP8266 module for taking 3.3V power supply. Basically, VIN pin i.e., Pin
performs using three volt power supply. If supply voltage is number one is utilized to provide the immediately power
greater than typical value 3.7 V then the module will be supply to the ESP8266 and its peripherals device which is
damage. It means that the kit will tolerate the maximum used in ESP8266, if we have a used 5V regulator to provide
voltage up to 3.7V. constant voltage supply. The 3rd pin number i.e., 3V pin is the
response or output of regulator that’s voltage is associated
One commonly difficulty is that the each one faces with on-board voltage. Those pins may be used to deliver
with ESP- 01 is the powering up trouble. The module is a electricity to outside additives. The Pin ‘GND’ is a used to
bit strength hungry at the same time as programming and deliver the ground connection to ESP8266 Node-MCU
consequently you may power it with a 3.3V pin on development board.
Arduino or simply use a capability divider. So it's far
essential to make a small voltage regulator for three.31v D. I2C Pins
that might deliver a minimum of 500mA. Based on our
experience, we advised is that regulator is the LM317 I2C Pins are utilized to catch the all sensors sorts and
which could take care of the job without problems. The peripherals for the mission [13]. Both master and slave of I2C
Fig.3 shows the circuit diagram of ESP8266 module. are considered for the support. Generally, interface between
the I2C may be found out programmatically, and contains
almost 100 kHz of the clock frequency. From this, it may be
noted that clock frequency of I2C is better than the clock
frequency for the slave device.

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 E. GPIO Pins under the minimum power mode.

It is 17th pins of ESP8266 which can be allocated to VI. HARDWARE SETUP

numerous capabilities consisting of I2C, I2S, UART,
PWM, IR faraway manage and LED system In this paper, we have also implemented the wireless
programmatically. Every GPIO based on digital enabled tracking system through hardware that was discussed in
device that may be constructed for the internally pull-down section-V. This is done for testing the method in real-time
or pull-up, or set to unnecessary impedance. While input is processing [16-18]. Additionally, we have also included extra
configured, then it can additionally be set to part-cause or feature of this system is tracking of infantrymen using IOT.
level-trigger to produce CPU-interrupts. For implementing, we have taken different types of sensors,
GSM module, Arduino IDE….etc. The Fig. 5 shows the
F. ADC Channel snapshot of the real-time hardware setup.

The Node-MCU is contained with a 10-bit precision

SAR Analog to Digital Converter. Two features may be
applied the usage of ADC. Testing electricity power supply
of VDD3P3 pin and checking out enter power supply of
TOUT pin. But, they can't be holding the identical time.

G. UART Pins

The Node-MCU i.e., ESP8266 have Two-UART

interfaces: a) UART0 b) UART1. These are given
asynchronous communicate and it can communicate at as
much as four, five Mbps. UART0 (TXD0, RXD0, RST0 &
CTS0 pins) may be used for verbal exchange. It helps fluid
manage. However, UART1 (TXD1 pin) functions handiest
records transmit signal so, it also includes for printing log.

H. SPI Pins

There are two SPIs are available for the ESP8266

functions in slave and grasp modes [14]. These Pins help
the additional three features: a) Timing modes 2) maximum
FIFO is 64-Byte and 3) The clock frequency is maximum
80 MHz
Fig. 5. Hardware set
I. SDIO Pins
VII. RESULTS
SDIO indicates the ESP8266 capabilities at ease
virtual interface of input or output. It is employed to
In this section, we have included the obtained results in
without delay interface SD playing cards. Here, two verities
terms of humidity, temperature and pulse. All parameters -
of SDIO are SDIO v1.1 and SDIO v2.0. In first version of
humidity, temperature and pulse are observed through
SDIO i.e. SDIO v1.1, 25 MHz frequency is carried with 4-
different sensors in day time between 13:00 to 13:30. Fig. 6,
bit data rate. In the other SDIO i.e. SDIO v2.0, 50 MHz is
Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 show the humidity, temperature and pulse,
carried with 4-bit data rate. ESP8266 has four channels for
respectively. From these Figures, we can easily calculate the
the modulation in terms of Pulse Width. It is also named as
value of the parameters at the specific or instant time.
Pulse Width Modulation. The response of this modulation
may be employed and apply to ride LEDs and digital
automobiles. This modulation i.e., PWM, the range of
frequency is varied from one thousand μs to ten thousand
μs, i.e., among 100 Hz and 1 kHz.

J. Control Pins

Control Pins are employed to handle the ESP8266

board. It contains EN pin that is used to enable the Chip and Fig. 6. Humidity
other pins are Reset and WAKE. RST is named for reset pin
of ESP8266 board [15]. WAKE is utilized to wake the
ESP8266 chip from sleeping mode. In this chip, port ‘EN’
is helped to enable if EN pin is in high pulled mode. But it
is in low pulled mode, and then board/chip is performed

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situation concerning the safety for actual Heroes. Numerous
varieties of contraptions have continually been reported
with the arrival in technology to make certain protection.
This device may be helped to forward the information likes
as present location of soldier in dangerous situation and
conquer the problem of squaddies missing in action. In this
paper we addressed a device which is useful for the soldier
and also beneficial to improve the verbal exchange among
soldier to soldier in emergency state of affairs and offer to
control room. Further, we can improve the same system for
better accuracy and good performance in future.

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