Senior High School

Business
Mathematics
Quarter 2 – Module 17:
Presentation and Analysis of
Business Data

Writer:
MA. CORAZON ALFARO
Teacher II – Potrero National High School
Editors:
JANE P. VALENCIA, Ed.D. – EPS – Mathematics (CHAIRMAN)
CHARIZEL T. ARCILLA – SPST-I Malino National High School
JHOANNA S. MANALOTO – T-II San Juan High School (Mexico)
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master the
Presentation and Analysis of Business Data. The scope of this module permits it to be used in
many different learning situations.

The module has 1 lesson, namely:

• Lesson 1 – Kinds of Graphs for Data Presentation

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Compare and contrast different graphs;
2. recognize that circle graphs are best used to compare the parts of a whole;
3. recognize that bar graphs are used to compare facts;
4. recognize that a line graph is used to show changes over time;
5. determine which type of graph is appropriate for representing a given set of data
presented; and
6. connect graphs to data found in the real world.

What I Know

Pre-Assessment
Direction: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on your notebook or
on a separate sheet of paper. If you are not aware or unsure of some items, choose the answer
that is best based on your perception. Then go back to those items as you continue with the
lesson.

1. Which of the following graphs uses line segments to connect data points?
a. Line graph c. Bar graph
b. Pie chart d. Histogram
2. Which of the following graphs uses rectangles erected on the horizontal axis to
summarize a set of quantitative data?
a. Line graph c. Bar graph
b. Pie chart d. Histogram
3. Which of the following is a circular-pie-like graphic representation with wedges or
sectors that show how much of the whole each part makes up?
a. Line graph c. Bar graph
b. Pie chart d. Histogram
4. Which graph uses shaded region to display quantitative data graphically and
independently?
a. Line graph
b. Pie chart
c. Bar graph
d. Histogram

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5. Which type of graph is this?

a. Line graph
b. Pie chart
c. Bar graph
d. Histogram

6.What does a pie chart allow you to see?

a. information about the proportion of parts relative to the whole.
b. the total number of each category
c. how much data occurs within a range of numbers
d. the spread of the data
7. Which chart will show the direction of change in numbers over a period of time by
connecting data points?
a. Line graph c. Bar graph
b. Pie chart d. Histogram
8. The type of chart that best represents percentages of a whole is:
a. Line graph c. Bar graph
b. Pie chart d. Histogram
9. Which type of chart displays bars side by side?
a. Line graph c. Bar graph
b. Pie chart d. Histogram
10. The type of chart where the height of the bar represents a value is called:
a. Line graph c. Bar graph
b. Pie chart d. Histogram
11. Bar charts are MOST effectively used to:
a. present scientific data
b. compare groups of data
c. show parts of a whole
d. show an activity of an item over a period of time
12. The timeline shows the months that an amusement park is open. On which date is
the park not open?

a. October 15 c. April 5
b. June 1 d. August 31
13. Which chart/graph can track and compare measurements, such as temperature, and
show trends and comparisons?
a. Line graph c. Bar graph
b. Pie chart d. Histogram
14. Choose the graph that best fits with this statement: "The TV license has been frozen
for the next 3 years".

a. b. c. d.

15. What is the other term for pie chart?

a. Circle chart c. Circle graph
b. Pie graph d. Pie circle chart

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 Lesson
Kinds of Graphs for Data
1 Presentation

A good graphical display is pleasing to the eye and, therefore, can have the effect of
impressing the viewer and encourage them to read more of a page or site. Such an informative
graph has a positive impression on the website.

What’s In

A graph is an alternative way to present data. It involves a lot of communication power.

A quick look of these graphs may enable the reader to have an instant and meaningful picture
of the vast amount of data.

Different data call for different graphs. The graphs may all look brilliant, but is it the right
graph for the data? In this lesson, we will learn how to compare and contrast different graphs
and determine which type of graph is appropriate for representing a given set of data presented.

As a form of recall, kindly enumerate the three different types data presentation. Include the
different types of graphs you remember from your previous years taking mathematics. Write
your answers on your notebook.

What’s New

Andrei’s school has announced that they will be cancelling wood shop because not enough
students are interested. Over the next few weeks, Andrei and his friends gathered data about
wood shop. They learned that in 2008, there were 30 out of 100 seventh graders and 40 out of
100 eighth graders who had participated in wood shop. Then in 2009, the numbers had
increased. There were 40 seventh graders and 58 eighth graders who had participated. Andrei
and his friends believe the data suggests that wood shop is increasing in popularity and should
not be cancelled. How can the students clearly show the information they have gathered on a
chart?

A bar graph consists of rectangular bars and a corresponding category. The above table of
the ages can be used to create the bar graph.

Let’s try constructing a bar graph. Follow the steps provided below and write/draw your graph
in your notebook or on a separate sheet of paper.

First, draw the horizontal axis and the vertical axis.

Next, label the horizontal axis with the years 2008 and 2009.

Next, label the vertical axis with a scale to represent the number of students. Since there are
100 students in grade seven and 100 in grade eight use increments of 10 for your scale.

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Next, label the bar graph with a suitable title that tells what the bar graph represents.

Next, include a legend with your bar graph showing the color of the bar for 7 th grade and the
color of the bar for 8th grade.

Then, draw the bar graph such that each year has two bars displayed below.

What is It

Definition of Graph
• It is an alternative way to present data.
• It involves a lot of communication power.
• In businesses, it is used to help them convey information and to make sense of
data.
• It always describes something about business.
Most commonly used different kinds of graphs
• Line graph - uses line segments to connect data points. It is useful in showing the trends
or in determining relationships between two variables. It can also be applied if the
variable plotted along the X-axis (horizontal line) is related to time (year, month, day,
clock time).
• Bar graph - uses rectangles erected om the horizontal axis to summarize a set of
quantitative data. Here, the height of the bar represents the measured value or
frequency; that is. The higher or taller the bar, the greater the value.
• Histogram - is a graphical representation of the frequency distribution. It is a
representation of tabulated frequencies (Y-axis) using adjacent erected rectangles with
their corresponding class intervals (X-axis).
• Pie graph - is also called a circle graph. It is a circle with the wedges or sectors to show
how much of the whole each part makes up. Each slice of the pie is written as a
percentage. To get the measure of each sector in the chart, we compute the following:
amount of item over the total amount of all items multiplied by 360°.

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Sample Representations of the Different Kinds of Graphs
• a. Line Graph
o Example 5.2.1

• a. Title: The title is the heading written on top of the graph.

• b. Scale: Do not forget the numbers on the X-axis which indicates the units of time. On
the Y-axis, the numbers indicate the units of frequency. Be cautious on the scale of
the Y-axis. If the scale is set too high or too low, the trends in the data can be
misleading.
• c. Labels: Identify the variables on the X- and Y-axes.
• d. Data points: Plot all the data points on the X- and Y-axes. Each data point is
connected to the next point by a line.
• e. Line: Create the line by connecting all data points.
• f. Description: It will be helpful if you will have an explanation of your graph.

In example 5.2.1, the line escalates every week. But a tremendous increase was shown from
Week 5 to Week 6.

• Example 5.2.2

The sales trend of product X in Store A and Store B can be seen in one graph. It is easier to
compare trends when they are represented on the same graph. The sales of product X in
Store A is consistently higher than the sales of product in Store B.

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b. Bar Graph
Example 5.2.3

The high school students were asked on their preferred dishes. The number of dishes is plotted
on the vertical axis while the type of dish is plotted on the horizontal axis. Most students prefer
chicken barbecue while on the other hand, fish fillet is the least preferred dish.
Example 5.2.4

Aura Pension House offers three types of rooms, Traveler, Executive, and Superior. The sales
of each type are plotted on the vertical axis, and the types of room are on the horizontal axis.
It is easy to compare the trends of each type over a three-year period. Superior is the highest
selling among three, but has dropped off over the three-year period, while sales of the other
two have continued to grow.
Which graphical presentation can approximately model this observation?

Of course, a line graph can also represent this data set.

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In general, line graphs are used for quantitative continuous data, whereas bar are used for
quantitative discontinuous data. Line graphs are appropriate with frequency data, while bar
graphs are commonly used to display information from surveys or from summary scores.

When you need more spaces to describe the measured variable, it is advised to represent
the data by horizontal bar graphs. The variables can be written on the vertical axis and the
horizontal axis assumes the continuous data.

c. Histogram is a graphical representation of the frequency distribution. It is a representation

of tabulated frequencies (Y-axis) using adjacent erected rectangles with their corresponding
class intervals (X-axis). The rectangles are of equal width since the class mark is used to
represent the class intervals. When you need more spaces to describe the measured variable,
it is advised to represent the data by horizontal bar graphs. The variables can be written on
the vertical axis and the horizontal axis assumes the continuous data.
Example 5.2.5

d. Pie graph is also called a circle graph. It is a circle with the wedges or sectors to
show how much of the whole each part makes up. Each slice of the pie is written as
percentage. To get the measure of each sector in the chart, we compute the following:
amount of an item
x 360⁰
total amount of all items

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Example 5.2.6

What’s More

Activity 1.1

You have been given a list of ages in years, and you need to show them in a graph. Write or
draw your answer on your notebook or on a separate sheet of paper.

The ages are:

5, 12, 23, 22, 28, 17, 11, 21, 25, 23, 7, 16, 13, 39, 35, 42, 24, 31, 35, 36, 35, 34, 37, 44, 51,
53, 46, 45, and 57.

You can choose to group them into ten-year age categories, 0–10, 11–20, 21–30 and so on:

Note: To show this data in a histogram, your x-axis would be numbered in 10s from 0 to
your highest age, your y-axis from 0 to 8 (the highest number of people in any group), and
there would be no gaps between the bars, because there are no gaps between the age ranges.

Activity 1.2
The data shows the sales figures for a year, broken down by quarters:

Quarterly Sales Figures 1st Qtr 2nd Qtr 3rd Qtr 4th Qtr

8.2 3.2 1.4 1.2

Use a pie chart or a line graph on illustrating the data above. Use your notebook in illustrating
the given.

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 What I Have Learned

A. Fill the spaces with appropriate answer base on the discussion about kinds of data
presentation. Write your answers on your notebook or on a separate sheet of paper.

1. _______________ is a graph wherein the height of the bar represents the measured value
or frequency; that is. The higher or taller the bar, the greater the value.

2. _______________ is a representation of tabulated frequencies (Y-axis) using adjacent

erected rectangles with their corresponding class intervals (X-axis).

3. _______________ uses line segments to connect data points.

4. _______________ gets the measure of each sector in the chart by computing the amount
of item over the total amount of all items multiplied by 360°.

B. Answer the following questions about bar graphs provided.

1. Which make of car was the most popular?

a. Nissan b. Vauxhall c. Peugeot d. Toyota

2. Which 2 makes of car sold over 150 each?

a. Toyota and MG Rover c.Vauxhall and Peugeot

b. Toyota and Vauxhall d. Peugeot and MG Rover

3. Which was the lowest selling make?

a. Land Rover b. BMW c. Jaguar d. Nissan

C. Answer the following questions about line graph below.

1. Which month had the highest average

temperature?
a. June b. July c. August

2. Which month had the lowest average

temperature?
a. January b. February c. March

3. April and May have the same average temperature

as June and July.
a. True b. False

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D. Answer the following questions about pie chart.

1. Here's how I spent the past 24 hours? Match the table and pie chart to find out what I
spent the most time on.
a. working b. sleeping c. getting dressed
2. I spent more time on meals than travel and getting dressed combined.
a. True b. False
3. I spent less time watching TV than on doing my household chores.
a. True b. False
4. What did I spend the least amount of time doing?
a. swimming b. getting dressed c. household chores

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 What I Can Do

For 1.1 to 1.2. Use bar graph and pie chart by using the given data below. After making
the graphs, answer the following questions.
Note: Be guided with the following samples above.
A survey of students' favorite after-school activities was conducted at a school. The
table below shows the results of this survey.

Students' Favorite After-School Activities

Activity Number of Students
Play Sports 45
Talk on Phone 53
Visit With Friends 99
Earn Money 44
Chat Online 66
School Clubs 22

1.1 Make a bar graph using the given data.

1.2 Make a pie chart using the given data.

Questions:
1. What is the title of this graph?

___________________________________________________________________

2. What is the range of values on the (horizontal) scale?

___________________________________________________________________

3. How many categories are in the graph?

___________________________________________________________________
4. Which after-school activity do students like most?

___________________________________________________________________

5. Which after-school activity do students like least?

___________________________________________________________________

6. How many students like to talk on the phone?7.

___________________________________________________________________
7. How many students like to earn money?

___________________________________________________________________

8. Which two activities are liked almost equally?

___________________________________________________________________
9. List the categories in the graph from greatest to least.

___________________________________________________________________

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 Assessment

Instructions: Write the letter of the correct answer on your notebook or on a separate sheet of
paper. Use the given charts as a reference for you to be able to answer the questions
correctly.
For numbers 1-2, use the given pie chart.
1. What service does the Council spend on the most?
a. Cultural, Environmental and Planning Services
b. Education Services
c. Adult Community Care

2. What percentage of the Council's income is spent

on Education?
a. less than 15%
b. more than on Children and Families
c. less than on "other" services

For numbers 3-6, use the given bar graph.

3. What is the second most popular color of shoes
amongst men?
a. black b. brown c. red

4. What is the second most popular color of shoes

amongst women?
a. black b. brown c. red

5. How many adults wore white shoes?

a. 1 b. 2 c. 3

6. What is the total number of women who took part

in the survey of shoe colours?
a. 30 b. 17
c. 15 d. 13
For numbers 7-10, use the given line graph.

7. Which of these statements best describes what is

shown in the graph?
a. The number of learners we’ve had in our college has
dropped significantly over the last five years
b. There has been a small decrease in the number of
learners in our college over the last five years
c. There has been no significant change in the number
of learners in the last five years
8. What was the decrease in the number of learners
between Years 1 and 2?
a. 10 b. 15 c. 20
9. There was a small increase in numbers between
Years 2 and 3.
a. True b. False
10. Which of these statements best describes what is shown in the graph?
a. The number of learners we’ve had in our college has dropped by over a 100 over the last
five years
b. There has been a small increase in the number of learners in our college over the last five
years
c. There has been no significant change in the number of learners in the last five years

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11. The following data shows customer waiting time in seconds of a fast food chain. The
manager wants to construct a histogram from this given data.

How many customers are waiting at the interval 16-20 seconds?

a. 4 b. 5 c. 6 d. 7

For numbers 12-13, use the given histogram below.

The annual amount of rainfall for 25 cities was recorded and is shown in the histogram
below.

12. How many cities could have an annual

rainfall of 28.5 in – 32.5 in?

a. 6 b. 9 c. 8 d. 12
13. How many intervals could represent an
annual rainfall of 30 in – 36 in?

a. 2 b. 4 c. 3 d. 5

For numbers 14-15, use the given histogram below.

14. If 85 is the lowest score a student can

earn to receive a B, how many students
received at least a B?

a. 4 b. 10 c. 6 d. 15
15. How many students scored a 77 on the
test?

a. 0 c. 6
b. 1 d. cannot be determined

Additional Activities

Instructions: Use the given data below to make graphs. Note: Use all graphs that are
appropriate to the given data. Draw your graphs in your notebook or on a separate sheet of
paper.

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Assessment What I Have What I Know
1. C
Learned 1. A
A. 2. C
2. B
1. Bar graph 3. B
3. B
2. Histogram 4. D
4. C
3. Line graph 5. D
5. B
4. Pie chart 6. A
6. D
B. 7. A
7. A
1. A 8. B
8. B
2. A 9. D
9. A
3. C 10.C
10. C
C. 11.B
11. B
1. C 12.A
12. C
2. B 13.C
13. D
3. A 14.A
14. C
D. 15.C
15. D
1. A
2. B
3. A
4. B
Answer Key
 Development Team of the Module

Writer: MA. CORAZON ALFARO – T – II Potrero National High School

Editor: JANE P. VALENCIA, Ed.D. – EPS – Mathematics
Reviewer: JANE P. VALENCIA, Ed.D. – EPS – Mathematics
CHARIZEL T. ARCILLA – SPST-I Malino National High School
JHOANNA S. MANALOTO – T-II San Juan High School (Mexico)
Illustrator: MA. CORAZON ALFARO – T – II Potrero National High School
Layout Artist: MA. CORAZON ALFARO – T – II Potrero National High School)
Language Reviewer:

Management Team

ZENIA G. MOSTOLES, Ed.D., CESO V, Schools Division Superintendent

LEONARDO C. CANLAS, Ed.D., CESE. Asst. Schools Division Superintendent
ROWENA T. QUIAMBAO, CESE, Asst. Schools Division Superintendent
CELIA R. LACNALALE, Ph.D., CID Chief
JANE P. VALENCIA, Ed.D., Education Program Supervisor, Mathematics
JUNE E. CUNANAN, Education Program Supervisor/ Language Editor
RUBY M. JIMENEZ, Ph.D., Education Program Supervisor, LRMDS