CHAPTER

QUADRATIC EQUATIONS (NOTES)

5

1. Standard form of quadratic equation in variable 𝑥 is 𝒂𝒙𝟐 + 𝒃𝒙 + 𝒄 = 𝟎, where 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 are

real numbers and 𝑎  0.
2. y = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 is called a quadratic function.
3. Uses of Quadratic functions.
(i) When the rocket is fired upward, then the path of the rocket is defined by a
‘quadratic function.’
(ii) Shapes of the satellite dish, reflecting mirror in a telescope, lens of the eye glasses
and orbits of the celestial objects are defined by the quadratic equations.
(iii) The path of a projectile is defined by quadratic function.
(iv) When the breaks are applied to a vehicle, the stopping distance is calculated by using
quadratic equation
4. Roots of quadratic equation: A real number  is called a root of the quadratic equation
𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0, if 𝑎𝛼 2 + 𝑏𝛼 + 𝑐 = 0
5. Quadratic formula: The roots of a quadratic equation 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0 are given by
−𝑏 ± √𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐
𝑥=
2𝑎
6. Nature of roots:
The nature of roots of a quadratic equation 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0 depends on 𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐 is
called the discriminant
(i) 𝐼𝑓 𝒃𝟐 − 𝟒𝒂𝒄 > 𝟎 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑡
(ii) 𝐼𝑓 𝒃𝟐 − 𝟒𝒂𝒄 = 𝟎 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑙
(iii) 𝐼𝑓 𝒃𝟐 − 𝟒𝒂𝒄 < 𝟎 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙

Check whether the following equations are quadratic or not ?

(i) 𝑥 2  6𝑥  4 = 0
Sol: Quadratic equation
(ii) 𝑥 3  6𝑥 2 + 2𝑥  1 = 0
Sol: Not a quadratic equation(Cubic equation)
(iii) 7x = 2x 2
Sol: 2𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 = 0
Quadratic equation
1
(iv) 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 2 = 2

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 1
Sol: 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 2 = 2

𝑥4 + 1
⇒ =2
𝑥2
⇒ 𝑥 4 + 1 = 2𝑥 2
⇒ 𝑥 4 − 2𝑥 2 + 1 = 0 Not a quadratic equation
𝑣) (2𝑥 + 1) (3𝑥 + 1) = 𝑏(𝑥  1) (𝑥  2)
𝑆𝑜𝑙: (2𝑥 + 1) (3𝑥 + 1) = 𝑏(𝑥  1) (𝑥  2)
2𝑥(3𝑥 + 1) + 1(3𝑥 + 1) = 𝑏[𝑥(𝑥 − 2) − 1(𝑥 − 2)]
6𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 3𝑥 + 1 = 𝑏[𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 𝑥 + 2]
6𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 + 1 = 𝑏[𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 2]
6𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 + 1 = 𝑏𝑥 2 − 3𝑏𝑥 + 2𝑏
6𝑥 2 − 𝑏𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 + 3𝑏𝑥 + 1 − 2𝑏 = 0
(6 − 𝑏)𝑥 2 + (5 + 3𝑏)𝑥 + 1 − 2𝑏 = 0
This is a quadratic equation.
(vi) 3y 2 = 192
Sol: 3y 2 – 192=0
This is a quadratic equation
Example-1.
i. Raju and Rajendar together have 45 marbles. Both of them lost 5 marbles each, and the
product of the number of marbles now they have is 124. We would like to find out how
many marbles they had previously. Represent the situation mathematically.
Sol: Total marbles=45
Let the number of marbles at Raju = 𝑥
Then the number of marbles at Rajendar = 45 − 𝑥
If both of them lost 5 marbles each then
The number of marbles at Raju = 𝑥 − 5
The number of marbles at Rajendar = 45 − 𝑥 − 5 = 40 − 𝑥
The product of remaining marbles=124
⇒ (𝑥 − 5)(40 − 𝑥 ) = 124
⇒ 40𝑥 − 𝑥 2 − 200 + 5𝑥 = 124
⇒ −𝑥 2 + 45𝑥 − 200 − 124 = 0
⇒ −𝑥 2 + 45𝑥 − 324 = 0
⇒ 𝑥 2 − 45𝑥 + 324 = 0 (multiply with −1)
ii. The hypotenuse of a right triangle is 25 cm. We know that the difference in lengths of the
other two sides is 5 cm. We would like to find out the length of the two sides?

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Sol: Let the length of smaller side = 𝑥 𝑐𝑚
The length of larger side = (𝑥 + 5)𝑐𝑚
Length of hypotenuse = 25 𝑐𝑚
In a right angle triangle we know that

(𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒)2 + (𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒)2 = (ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒)2

(𝑥)2 + (𝑥 + 5)2 = (25)2

𝑥 2 + 𝑥 2 + 2 × 𝑥 × 5 + 52 = 625

2𝑥 2 + 10𝑥 + 25 − 625 = 0

2𝑥 2 + 10𝑥 + −600 = 0
𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 − 300 = 0
Required quadratic equation: 𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 − 300
Example-2. Check whether the following are quadratic equations:
i. (𝑥 − 2)2 + 1 = 2𝑥 − 3
Sol: (𝑥 − 2)2 + 1 = 2𝑥 − 3
⇒ 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 4 + 1 − 2𝑥 + 3 = 0
⇒ 𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 8 = 0
The given equation is a quadratic equation.
ii. 𝑥(𝑥 + 1) + 8 = (𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 2)
Sol: 𝑥(𝑥 + 1) + 8 = (𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 2)
⇒ 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 8 = 𝑥 2 − 22
⇒ 𝑥2 + 𝑥 + 8 − 𝑥2 + 4 = 0
⇒ 𝑥 + 12 = 0
The given equation is not a quadratic equation.
iii. 𝑥(2𝑥 + 3) = 𝑥 2 + 1
Sol: 𝑥(2𝑥 + 3) = 𝑥 2 + 1
⇒ 2𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 𝑥 2 − 1 = 0
⇒ 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 1 = 0
The given equation is a quadratic equation.
iv. (𝑥 + 2)3 = 𝑥 3 − 4
Sol: (𝑥 + 2)3 = 𝑥 3 − 4
⇒ 𝑥 3 + 23 + 3 × 𝑥 × 2(𝑥 + 2) = 𝑥 3 − 4 (𝑎 + 𝑏)3 = 𝑎3 + 𝑏3 + 3𝑎𝑏(𝑎 + 𝑏)
⇒ 𝑥 3 + 8 + 6𝑥 (𝑥 + 2) = 𝑥 3 − 4

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 ⇒ 𝑥 3 + 8 + 6𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 − 𝑥 3 + 4 = 0
⇒ 6𝑥 2 + 12x + 12 = 0
The given equation is a quadratic equation.

1. Check whether the following are quadratic equations:

i. (𝑥 + 1)2 = 2(𝑥 − 3)
Sol: (𝑥 + 1)2 = 2(𝑥 − 3)
⇒ 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1 = 2𝑥 − 6
⇒ 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1 − 2𝑥 + 6 = 0
⇒ 𝑥2 + 7 = 0
The given equation is a quadratic equation.
ii. 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 = (−2)(3 − 𝑥)
Sol: 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 = (−2)(3 − 𝑥)
⇒ 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 = −6 + 2𝑥
⇒ 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 6 − 2𝑥 = 0
⇒ 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 6 = 0
The given equation is a quadratic equation.
iii. (𝑥 – 2)(𝑥 + 1) = (𝑥 – 1)(𝑥 + 3)
Sol: (𝑥 – 2)(𝑥 + 1) = (𝑥 – 1)(𝑥 + 3)
⇒ 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 2𝑥 − 2 = 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 𝑥 − 3
⇒ 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 2 = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 3
⇒ 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 2 − 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 3 = 0
⇒ −3𝑥 + 1 = 0
The given equation is not a quadratic equation.
iv. (𝑥 – 3)(2𝑥 + 1) = 𝑥(𝑥 + 5)
Sol: (𝑥 – 3)(2𝑥 + 1) = 𝑥(𝑥 + 5)
⇒ 2𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 6𝑥 − 3 = 𝑥 2 + 5𝑥
⇒ 2𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 − 3 − 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 = 0
⇒ 𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 − 3 = 0
The given equation is a quadratic equation.
v. (2𝑥 – 1)(𝑥 – 3) = (𝑥 + 5)(𝑥 – 1)
Sol: (2𝑥 – 1)(𝑥 – 3) = (𝑥 + 5)(𝑥 – 1)
⇒ 2𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 − 𝑥 + 3 = 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 5𝑥 − 5
⇒ 2𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 + 3 = 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 5
⇒ 2𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 + 3 − 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 5 = 0
BALABHADRA SURESH - 9866845885 Page 4
 ⇒ 𝑥 2 − 11𝑥 + 8 = 0
The given equation is a quadratic equation.
vi. 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 1 = (𝑥 – 2)2
Sol: 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 1 = (𝑥 – 2)2
⇒ 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 1 = 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 4
⇒ 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 1 − 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 4 = 0
⇒ 7𝑥 − 3 = 0
The given equation is not a quadratic equation.
vii. (𝑥 + 2)3 = 2𝑥 (𝑥 2 − 1)
Sol: (𝑥 + 2)3 = 2𝑥 (𝑥 2 − 1)
⇒ 𝑥 3 + 23 + 3 × 𝑥 × 2(𝑥 + 2) = 2𝑥 3 − 2𝑥
⇒ 𝑥 3 + 8 + 6𝑥(𝑥 + 2) = 2𝑥 3 − 2𝑥
⇒ 𝑥 3 + 8 + 6𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 − 2𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 = 0
⇒ −𝑥 3 + 6𝑥 2 + 14𝑥 + 8 = 0
The given equation is not a quadratic equation.
viii. 𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 1 = (𝑥 − 2)3
Sol: 𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 1 = (𝑥 − 2)3
⇒ 𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 1 = 𝑥 3 − 23 − 3 × 𝑥 × 2(𝑥 − 2)
⇒ 𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 1 = 𝑥 3 − 8 − 6𝑥 2 + 12𝑥
⇒ 𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 1 − 𝑥 3 + 8 + 6𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 = 0
⇒ 2𝑥 2 − 13𝑥 + 9 = 0
The given equation is a quadratic equation.
2. i. The area of a rectangular plot is 528 m2 . The length of the plot (in metres) is one more
than twice its breadth. We need to find the length and breadth of the plot.
Sol: Let breadth of rectangular plot (𝑏) = 𝑥 𝑚
Length of rectangular plot (𝑙) = (2𝑥 + 1)𝑚
Given area of the rectangular plot = 528 𝑚2
𝑙 × 𝑏 = 528
(2𝑥 + 1) × 𝑥 = 528
2𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 528 = 0
This is the required quadratic equation.
ii. The product of two consecutive positive integers is 306. We need to find the integers.
Sol: Let the two consecutive positive integers be 𝑥 , 𝑥 + 1
Given the product of two consecutive positive integers = 306
𝑥 × (𝑥 + 1) = 306 ⟹ 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 306 = 0

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 This is the required quadratic equation
iii. Rohan’s mother is 26 years older than him. The product of their ages after 3 years will
be 360 years. We need to find Rohan’s present age.
Sol: Let Rohan’s age=𝑥 years
Rohan’s mother age=(𝑥 + 26)𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑠
After 3 years
Rohan’s age=𝑥 + 3 years
Rohan’s mother age=(𝑥 + 26 + 3) = (𝑥 + 29)𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑠
Given the product of their ages after 3 years=360 years
⇒ (𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 + 29) = 360
⇒ 𝑥 2 + 29𝑥 + 3𝑥 + 87 − 360 = 0
⇒ 𝑥 2 + 32𝑥 − 273 = 0
This is the required quadratic equation.
iv. A train travels a distance of 480 km at a uniform speed. If the speed had been 8 km/h
less, then it would have taken 3 hours more to cover the same distance. We need to
find the speed of the train.
Sol: Let the speed of the train= 𝑥 𝑘𝑚/ℎ
Distance= 480 km
𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 480
𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒(𝑇1 ) = = ℎ
𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑥
If the speed had been 8 km/h less then speed=(𝑥 − 8) 𝑘𝑚/ℎ
𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 480
𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒(𝑇2 ) = = ℎ
𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑥−8
Difference of times(𝑇2 − 𝑇1 ) =3h
480 480
− =3
𝑥−8 𝑥
1 1
480 ( − )=3
𝑥−8 𝑥
𝑥 − (𝑥 − 8) 3
=
𝑥 (𝑥 − 8) 480
𝑥−𝑥+8 1
=
𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 160
8 1
2
=
𝑥 − 8𝑥 160
𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 = 160 × 8
𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 = 1280
𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 − 1280 = 0
This is the required quadratic equation to find the speed of the train.
BALABHADRA SURESH - 9866845885 Page 6
A real number  is called a root of the quadratic equation 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0, if 𝑎𝛼 2 + 𝑏  + 𝑐 = 0
We also say that x =  is a solution of the quadratic equation.
Example-3. Find the roots of the equation 2𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 3 = 0, by factorisation.
Sol: 2𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 3 = 0
2𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 3𝑥 + 3 = 0
2𝑥(𝑥 − 1) − 3(𝑥 − 1) = 0
(𝑥 − 1)(2𝑥 − 3) = 0 𝑎×𝑐
2×3=6
𝑥 − 1 = 0 𝑜𝑟 2𝑥 − 3 = 0
×
3
𝑥 = 1 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = −2 −3
2
3 +
∴ 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 2𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 3 = 0
2
𝑏 = −5

3
Verify that 1 and 2 are the roots of the equation 2𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 3 = 0.

Sol: Let 𝑃(𝑥 ) = 2𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 3

𝑃 (1) = 2(1)2 − 5( 1) + 3
= 2−5+3
= 5−5= 0
3 3 2 3
𝑃( ) = 2( ) −5( ) +3
2 2 2
9 3
= 2× −5× +3
4 2
9 15 −6
= − +3= + 3 = −3 + 3 = 0
2 2 2
3
𝑃(1) = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑃 ( ) = 0 .
2
3
𝑆𝑜 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑄. 𝐸 2𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 3 = 0
2
1 1
Example 4 : Find the roots of the quadratic equation 𝑥 − 3𝑥 = 6.
1 1
𝑆𝑜𝑙: 𝑥 − 3𝑥 = 6

3𝑥 2 − 1 1 6 × −2
⇒ =
3𝑥 6 = −12
×
BALABHADRA SURESH - 9866845885 −4 +3 Page 7
 ⇒ 6(3𝑥 2 − 1) = 3𝑥 × 1
⇒ 18𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 6 = 0
⇒ 6𝑥 2 − x − 2 = 0
⇒ 6𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 3𝑥 − 2 = 0
⇒ 2𝑥(3𝑥 − 2) + 1(3𝑥 − 2) = 0
⇒ (3𝑥 − 2)(2𝑥 + 1) = 0
⇒ 3𝑥 − 2 = 0 𝑜𝑟 2𝑥 + 1 = 0
3𝑥 = 2 𝑜𝑟 2𝑥 = −1
2 −1
𝑥 = 3 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = 2

1 1 2 −1
∴ 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑥 − = 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑑
3𝑥 6 3 2

1. Find the roots of the following quadratic equations by factorisation.

(i) 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 10 = 0
Sol: 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 10 = 0
𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 5𝑥 − 10 = 0
𝑥 (𝑥 − 2) + 5(𝑥 − 2) = 0
(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 + 5) = 0
𝑥 − 2 = 0 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 + 5 = 0
𝑥 = 2 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = −5
The roots of 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 10 = 0 are 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 − 5
(ii) 2𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 6 = 0
Sol: 2𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 6 = 0
2𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 4𝑥 − 6 = 0
𝑥(2𝑥 − 3) + 2(2𝑥 − 3) = 0
(2𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 + 2) = 0
2𝑥 − 3 = 0 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 + 2 = 0
3
𝑥= 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = −2
2
3
The roots of 2𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 6 = 0 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑑 − 2
2

(iii) √2𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 + 5√2 = 0

Sol: √2𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 + 5√2 = 0 √2 × 5√2 = 5 × 2 = 10
2 × 5 = 10
√2𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 5𝑥 + 5√2 = 0 2+5= 7
√2𝑥(𝑥 + √2) + 5(𝑥 + √2) = 0
(𝑥 + √2)(√2𝑥 + 5) = 0
BALABHADRA SURESH - 9866845885 Page 8
 𝑥 + √2 = 0 𝑜𝑟 √2𝑥 + 5 = 0
−5
𝑥 = −√2 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 =
√2
−5
𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑓 √2𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 + 5√2 = 0 𝑎𝑟𝑒 − √2 𝑎𝑛𝑑
√2
1
(iv) 2𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 8 = 0
1
Sol: 2𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 8 = 0

Multiply with ‘8’

1
8 × 2𝑥 2 − 8 × 𝑥 + 8 × = 8×0
8
16𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 + 1 = 0
16𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 4𝑥 + 1 = 0
4𝑥(4𝑥 − 1) − 1(4𝑥 − 1) = 0
(4𝑥 − 1)(4𝑥 − 1) = 0
4𝑥 − 1 = 0 𝑜𝑟 4𝑥 − 1 = 0
1 1
𝑥= 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 =
4 4
1 1 1
𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑓 2𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 8 = 0 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑑 .
4 4

(v) 100𝑥 2 − 20𝑥 + 1 = 0

Sol: 100𝑥 2 − 20𝑥 + 1 = 0
100𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 − 10𝑥 + 1 = 0
10𝑥(10𝑥 − 1) − 1(10𝑥 − 1) = 0
(10𝑥 − 1)(10𝑥 − 1) = 0
10𝑥 − 1 = 0 𝑜𝑟 10𝑥 − 1 = 0
1 1
𝑥= 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 =
10 10
1 1
𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑓 100𝑥 2 − 20𝑥 + 1 = 0 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑑
10 10
(vi) 𝑥(𝑥 + 4) = 12
Sol: 𝑥 (𝑥 + 4) = 12
𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 12 = 0
𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 6𝑥 − 12 = 0
𝑥 (𝑥 − 2) + 6(𝑥 − 2) = 0
(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 + 6) = 0
𝑥 − 2 = 0 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 + 6 = 0
𝑥 = 2 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = −6

BALABHADRA SURESH - 9866845885 Page 9

 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑥(𝑥 + 4) = 12 𝑎𝑟𝑒 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 − 6.
(vii) 3𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 2 = 0
Sol: 3𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 2 = 0
3𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 2𝑥 + 2 = 0
3𝑥(𝑥 − 1) − 2(𝑥 − 1) = 0
(𝑥 − 1)(3𝑥 − 2) = 0
𝑥 − 1 = 0 𝑜𝑟 3𝑥 − 2 = 0
2
𝑥 = 1 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 =
3
2
𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑓 3𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 2 = 0 𝑎𝑟𝑒 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 3.
3
(viii) 𝑥 − 𝑥 = 2
3
Sol: 𝑥 − 𝑥 = 2

𝑥2 − 3
=2
𝑥
𝑥 2 − 3 = 2𝑥
𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 3 = 0
𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 1𝑥 − 3 = 0
𝑥 (𝑥 − 3 ) + 1(𝑥 − 3) = 0
(𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 + 1) = 0
𝑥 − 3 = 0 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 + 1 = 0
𝑥 = 3 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = −1
3
𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑥 − = 2 𝑎𝑟𝑒 3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 − 1
𝑥
(ix) 3(𝑥 − 4)2 − 5(𝑥 − 4) = 12
Sol: 3(𝑥 − 4)2 − 5(𝑥 − 4) = 12
3(𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 + 16) − 5𝑥 + 20 − 12 = 0
3𝑥 2 − 24𝑥 + 48 − 5𝑥 + 8 = 0
3𝑥 2 − 29𝑥 + 56 = 0
3𝑥 2 − 21𝑥 − 8𝑥 + 56 = 0
3𝑥(𝑥 − 7) − 8(𝑥 − 7) = 0
(𝑥 − 7)(3𝑥 − 8) = 0
𝑥 − 7 = 0 𝑜𝑟 3𝑥 − 8 = 0
8
𝑥 = 7 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 =
3
8
𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑓 3(𝑥 − 4)2 − 5(𝑥 − 4) = 12 𝑎𝑟𝑒 7 𝑎𝑛𝑑 .
3

BALABHADRA SURESH - 9866845885 Page 10

2. Find two numbers whose sum is 27 and product is 182.
Sol: Let one number = 𝑥, The second number= 27 − 𝑥
Product of numbers=182
𝑥(27 − 𝑥 ) = 182
27𝑥 − 𝑥 2 = 182
−𝑥 2 + 27𝑥 − 182 = 0
𝑥 2 − 27𝑥 + 182 = 0
𝑥 2 − 13𝑥 − 14𝑥 + 182 = 0
𝑥(𝑥 − 13) − 14(𝑥 − 13) = 0
(𝑥 − 13)(𝑥 − 14) = 0
𝑥 − 13 = 0 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 − 14 = 0
𝑥 = 13 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = 14
If 𝑥 = 13 the required numbers are 13 and 14.
If 𝑥 = 14 the required numbers are 14 and 13.
3. Find two consecutive positive integers, sum of whose squares is 613.
Sol: Let the two consecutive positive integers be 𝑥, 𝑥 + 1.
Sum of whose squares = 613
𝑥 2 + (𝑥 + 1)2 = 613
𝑥 2 + 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1 − 613 = 0
2𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 612 = 0
𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 306 = 0
𝑥 2 − 17𝑥 + 18𝑥 − 306 = 0
𝑥 (𝑥 − 17) + 18(𝑥 − 17) = 0
(𝑥 − 17)(𝑥 + 18) = 0
𝑥 = 17 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = −18
∴ 𝑥 = 17 ( 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑜 𝑥 ≠ −18)
The required two consecutive positive integers are 17 , 18.
4. The altitude of a right triangle is 7 cm less than its base. If the hypotenuse is 13 cm, find
the other two sides.
Sol: Base of a right triangle (AB)=𝑥
The altitude (𝐵𝐶) =𝑥 − 7 cm C
The hypotenuse (AC)= 13 cm
From Pythagoras theorem
𝑥−7
𝐴𝐵2 + 𝐵𝐶 2 = 𝐴𝐶 2
𝑥 2 + (𝑥 − 7)2 = 132 90
0

A 𝑥 B
BALABHADRA SURESH - 9866845885 Page 11
 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 2 − 14𝑥 + 49 − 169 = 0
2𝑥 2 − 14𝑥 − 120 = 0
𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 − 60 = 0
𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 + 5𝑥 − 60 = 0
𝑥(𝑥 − 12) + 5(𝑥 − 12) = 0
(𝑥 − 12)(𝑥 + 5) = 0
𝑥 − 12 = 0 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 + 5 = 0
𝑥 = 12 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = −5
∴ 𝑥 = 12 (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑖𝑠 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑜 𝑥 ≠ −5)
The other two sides are 12 cm, (12-7) cm i.e 12 cm , 5 cm.
5. A cottage industry produces a certain number of pottery articles in a day. It was observed
on a particular day that the cost of production of each article (in rupees) was 3 more than
twice the number of articles produced on that day. If the total cost of production on that
day was Rs 90, find the number of articles produced and the cost of each article.
Sol: Let the number of articles produced=𝑥
The cost of each article=𝑅𝑠 (2𝑥 + 3)
Given the total cost of production on that day=Rs 90
𝑥(2𝑥 + 3) = 90
2𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 90 = 0
2𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 + 15𝑥 − 90 = 0
2𝑥(𝑥 − 6) + 15(𝑥 − 6) = 0
(𝑥 − 6)(2𝑥 + 15) = 0
𝑥 − 6 = 0 𝑜𝑟 2𝑥 + 15 = 0
−15
𝑥 = 6 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 =
2
∴ 𝑥 = 6 ( 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑙𝑤𝑎𝑦𝑠 𝑐𝑎𝑛′ 𝑡𝑏𝑒 𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒)
The number of articles produced= 𝑥 =6
The cost of each article=𝑅𝑠 (2𝑥 + 3)=𝑅𝑠 (2 × 6 + 3) = 𝑅𝑠 15.
6. Find the dimensions of a rectangle whose perimeter is 28 meters and whose area is 40
square meters.
Sol: Let the length of the rectangle=𝑙 , breadth =𝑏
Perimeter of the rectangle=28 m
2(𝑙 + 𝑏) = 28
28
⇒𝑙+𝑏 = ⇒ 𝑙 + 𝑏 = 14 ⇒ 𝑏 = 14 − 𝑙
2
Area of the square=40 square meters.

BALABHADRA SURESH - 9866845885 Page 12

 ⇒ 𝑙 × 𝑏 = 40
⇒ 𝑙 (14 − 𝑙 ) = 40
⇒ 14𝑙 − 𝑙 2 − 40 = 0
⇒ −𝑙 2 + 14𝑙 − 40 = 0
⇒ 𝑙 2 − 14𝑙 + 40 = 0
⇒ 𝑙 2 − 10𝑙 − 4𝑙 + 40 = 0
⇒ 𝑙 (𝑙 − 10) − 4(𝑙 − 10) = 0
⇒ (𝑙 − 10)(𝑙 − 4) = 0
⇒ 𝑙 − 10 = 0 𝑜𝑟 𝑙 − 4 = 0
⇒ 𝑙 = 10 𝑜𝑟 𝑙 = 4
𝐼𝑓 𝑙 = 10 𝑚 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑏 = 14 − 10 = 4 𝑚
𝐼𝑓 𝑙 = 4 𝑚 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑏 = 14 − 4 = 10 𝑚
The dimensions of the rectangle are 10 m and 4 m.
7. The base of a triangle is 4cm longer than its altitude. If the area of the triangle is 48 sq.cm
then find its base and altitude.
Sol: Let altitude (h)=𝑥
The base of a triangle(b)=(𝑥 + 4)
The area of the triangle = 48 sq.cm
1
× 𝑏 × ℎ = 48
2
(𝑥 + 4) × 𝑥 = 48 × 2
𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 96 = 0
𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 + 12𝑥 − 96 = 0
𝑥(𝑥 − 8) + 12(𝑥 − 8) = 0
(𝑥 − 8)(𝑥 + 12) = 0
𝑥 − 8 = 0 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 + 12 = 0
𝑥 = 8 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = −12
∴ 𝑥 = 8 ( 𝐴𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑛′ 𝑡𝑏𝑒 𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒)
Altitude of the triangle=𝑥 = 8 𝑐𝑚
Base of the triangle=𝑥 + 4 = 8 + 4 = 12 𝑐𝑚.
8. Two trains leave a railway station at the same time. The first train travels towards west
and the second train towards north. The first train travels 5 km/hr faster than the second
train. If after two hours they are 50 km. apart find the average speed of each train.
Sol: Let the speed of second train=𝑥 𝑘𝑚/ℎ𝑟
The speed of first train=(𝑥 + 5)𝑘𝑚/ℎ𝑟
Time (t)=2 hr
BALABHADRA SURESH - 9866845885 Page 13
 Distance travelled by second train=𝑠 × 𝑡 = 2 × 𝑥 = 2𝑥 𝑘𝑚
Distance travelled by first train=𝑠 × 𝑡 = 2 × (𝑥 + 5) = (2𝑥 + 10)𝑘𝑚

By Pythagoras theorem
𝐴𝐵2 + 𝐵𝐶 2 = 𝐴𝐶 2 𝐶

(2𝑥 + 10)2 + (2𝑥)2 = 502

2𝑥 km
4𝑥 2 + 40𝑥 + 100 + 4𝑥 2 = 2500
8𝑥 2 + 40𝑥 + 100 − 2500 = 0
𝐵
8𝑥 2 + 40𝑥 − 2400 = 0 (2𝑥 + 10) km 𝐴
2
𝑥 + 5𝑥 − 300 = 0 (Dividing with 8)
𝑥 2 − 15𝑥 + 20𝑥 − 300 = 0
𝑥(𝑥 − 15) + 20(𝑥 − 15) = 0
(𝑥 − 15)(𝑥 + 20) = 0
𝑥 − 15 = 0 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 + 20 = 0
𝑥 = 15 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = −20
∴ 𝑥 = 15 ( 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑎𝑛′ 𝑡𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒)
The average speed of second train =15 km/hr.
The average speed of first train =(15+5) =20 km/hr
9. In a class of 60 students, each boy contributed rupees equal to the number of girls and
each girl contributed rupees equal to the number of boys. If the total money then collected
was ₹1600. How many boys are there in the class?
Sol: Total number of students=60
Let the number of boys=𝑥
The number of girls=60 − 𝑥
Money contributed by the boys=𝑥 × (60 − 𝑥 ) = 60𝑥 − 𝑥 2
Money contributed by the boys=(60 − 𝑥 ) × 𝑥 = 60𝑥 − 𝑥 2
Total money collected=₹1600
60𝑥 − 𝑥 2 + 60𝑥 − 𝑥 2 = 1600
−2𝑥 2 + 120𝑥 − 1600 = 0
𝑥 2 − 60𝑥 + 800 = 0(𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑏𝑦 ′ − 2′)
𝑥 2 − 40𝑥 − 20𝑥 + 800 = 0
𝑥(𝑥 − 40) − 20(𝑥 − 40) = 0
(𝑥 − 40)(𝑥 − 20) = 0
𝑥 − 40 = 0 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 − 20 = 0
𝑥 = 40 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = 20
∴ The number of boys in the class=40 or 20.
BALABHADRA SURESH - 9866845885 Page 14
10. A motor boat heads upstream a distance of 24km on a river whose current is running at 3
km per hour. The trip up and back takes 6 hours. Assuming that the motor boat
maintained a constant speed, what was its speed?
Sol: Let the speed of the boat in water=𝑥 𝑘𝑚/ℎ𝑟
The speed of the river=3 𝑘𝑚/ℎ𝑟
The distance of river=24 km
The speed of the boat in upstream= (𝑥 − 3) 𝑘𝑚/ℎ𝑟
𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 24
𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑛 𝑡𝑜 𝑢𝑝𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑚 (𝑇1) = = ℎ𝑟
𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑥−3
The speed of the boat in downstream= (𝑥 + 3) 𝑘𝑚/ℎ𝑟
𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 24
𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑛 𝑡𝑜 𝑑𝑜𝑤𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑚 (𝑇1) = = ℎ𝑟
𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑥+3
Total time taken=6 hr
24 24
+ =6
𝑥−3 𝑥+3
1 1
24 ( + )=6
𝑥−3 𝑥+3
1 1 6
+ =
𝑥 − 3 𝑥 + 3 24
𝑥+3+𝑥−3 1
=
(𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 + 3) 4
2𝑥 1
=
𝑥2−9 4
𝑥 2 − 9 = 4 × 2𝑥
𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 − 9 = 0
𝑥 2 − 9𝑥 + 1𝑥 − 9 = 0
𝑥 (𝑥 − 9 ) + 1(𝑥 − 9) = 0
(𝑥 − 9)(𝑥 + 1) = 0
𝑥 − 9 = 0 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 + 1 = 0
𝑥 = 9 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = −1
∴ 𝑥 = 9 ( 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑏𝑜𝑎𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑎𝑛′ 𝑡 𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒)
The speed of the boat in water= 9 km/hr.

Example: Find the roots of the equation 3𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 2 = 0 by the method of completing the
square.
Sol: Given 3𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 2 = 0
Diving both sides by 3

BALABHADRA SURESH - 9866845885 Page 15

 3𝑥 2 5𝑥 2
− + =0
3 3 3
5𝑥 2
𝑥2 − =−
3 3
5 2
𝑥2 − 2 × 𝑥 × = −
6 3
5 2
Adding (6) to both sides

2
5 5 2 2 5 2
𝑥 −2×𝑥 × +( ) = − +( )
6 6 3 6
5 2 2 25
(𝑥 − ) = − +
6 3 36
5 2 (12 × −2) + 25
(𝑥 − ) =
6 36
5 2 −24 + 25
(𝑥 − ) =
6 36
5 2 1
(𝑥 − ) =
6 36

5 1
𝑥− = ±√
6 36

5 1
𝑥− =±
6 6
5 1 5 1
𝑥= + 𝑜𝑟 −
6 6 6 6
6 4
𝑥 = 𝑜𝑟
6 6
2
𝑥 = 1 𝑜𝑟
3
2
The roots of given equation are 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 3

Example-6. Find the roots of the equation 5𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 − 2 = 0 by the method of completing the
square.
Sol: Given 5𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 − 2 = 0
Diving both sides by 5
5𝑥 2 6𝑥 2
− − =0
5 5 5
6𝑥 2
𝑥2 − =
5 5
3 2
𝑥2 − 2 × 𝑥 × =
5 5

BALABHADRA SURESH - 9866845885 Page 16

 3 2
Adding (5) to both sides

2
3 3 2 2 3 2
𝑥 −2×𝑥 × +( ) = +( )
5 5 5 5
3 2 2 9
(𝑥 − ) = +
5 5 25
3 2 (2 × 5 ) + 9
(𝑥 − ) =
5 25
3 2 10 + 9
(𝑥 − ) =
5 25
3 2 19
(𝑥 − ) =
5 25

3 2 19
(𝑥 − ) = ±√
5 25

3 √19
𝑥− =±
5 5
3 √19 3 √19
𝑥= + 𝑜𝑟 −
5 5 5 5
3 + √19 3 − √19
𝑥= 𝑜𝑟
5 5
3+√19 3−√19
The roots of given equation are 𝑜𝑟
5 5

Example-7. Find the roots of 4𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 5 = 0 by the method of completing the square.

Sol: Given 4𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 5 = 0
Diving both sides by 4
4𝑥 2 3𝑥 5
+ + =0
4 4 4
3𝑥 5
𝑥2 + =−
4 4
3 5
𝑥2 + 2 × 𝑥 × = −
8 4
3 2
Adding (8) to both sides

2
3 3 2 5 3 2
𝑥 +2×𝑥 × +( ) = − +( )
8 8 4 8
3 2 5 9
(𝑥 + ) = − +
8 4 64
3 2 (−5 × 16) + 9
(𝑥 − ) =
8 64

BALABHADRA SURESH - 9866845885 Page 17

 3 2 −80 + 9
(𝑥 − ) =
8 64
3 2 −71
(𝑥 − ) =
8 64
3 −71
𝑥 − 8 = √ 64 𝑖𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟.

Therefore, the given equation has no real roots.

Solve the equations by completing the square.

(i) 𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 + 9 = 0
Sol: 𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 + 9 = 0
𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 = −9
𝑥 2 − 2 × 𝑥 × 5 = −9
Adding 52 to both sides
𝑥 2 − 2 × 𝑥 × 5 + 52 = −9 + 52
(𝑥 − 5)2 = −9 + 25
(𝑥 − 5)2 = 16
𝑥 − 5 = √16
𝑥 − 5 = ±4
𝑥 = 5+4 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = 5 − 4
𝑥 = 9 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = 1
The roots of given equation are 9 and 1.
(ii) 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 5 = 0
Sol: 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 5 = 0
𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 = −5
5
𝑥2 − 2 × 𝑥 × = −5
2
5 2
Adding (2) to both sides

5 5 2 5 2
𝑥 2 − 2 × 𝑥 × + ( ) = −5 + ( )
2 2 2
5 2 25
(𝑥 − ) = −5 +
2 4
5 2 −20 + 25 5
(𝑥 − ) = =
2 4 4

5 5
𝑥− =√
2 4

BALABHADRA SURESH - 9866845885 Page 18

 5 √5
𝑥− =±
2 2
5 √5 5 √5
𝑥= + 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = −
2 2 2 2
5 + √5 5 − √5
𝑥= 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 =
2 2
5+√5 5−√5
The roots of given equation are and .
2 2

(iii) 𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 − 6 = 0
Sol: 𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 − 6 = 0
𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 = 6
7
𝑥2 + 2 × 𝑥 × =6
2
7 2
Adding (2) to both sides

2
7 7 2 7 2
𝑥 +2×𝑥 × +( ) = 6+( )
2 2 2
7 2 49
(𝑥 + ) = 6 +
2 4
7 2 24 + 49 73
(𝑥 + ) = =
2 4 4

7 73
𝑥+ =√
2 4

7 √73
𝑥+ =±
2 2
7 √73 7 √73
𝑥=− + 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = − −
2 2 2 2
−7 + √73 −7 − √73
𝑥= 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 =
2 2
−7+√73 −7−√73
The roots of given equation are and .
2 2

Quadratic formula (formula for finding the roots of a quadratic equation)

If 𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐 ≥ then the roots of a quadratic equation 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0 are given by
−𝑏 ± √𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐
𝑥=
2𝑎
Example-8: The area of a rectangular plot is 528 m2 . The length of the plot (in metres) is one
more than twice its breadth. Find the length and breadth of the plot.
Sol: Let breadth of rectangular plot (𝑏) = 𝑥 𝑚
Length of rectangular plot (𝑙) = (2𝑥 + 1)𝑚

BALABHADRA SURESH - 9866845885 Page 19

 Given area of the rectangular plot = 528 𝑚2
𝑙 × 𝑏 = 528
(2𝑥 + 1) × 𝑥 = 528
2𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 528 = 0 𝑎 = 2, 𝑏 = 1, 𝑐 = −528
𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐 = 12 − 4 × 2 × (−528) = 1 + 4224 = 4225 > 0
−𝑏 ± √𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐
𝑥=
2𝑎
−1 ± √4225
𝑥=
2×2
−1 ± 65
𝑥 =
4
−1 + 65 −1 − 65
𝑥 = 𝑜𝑟
4 4
64 −66
𝑥 = 𝑜𝑟
4 4
−33
𝑥 = 16 𝑜𝑟
2
∴ 𝑥 = 16 (Breath of plot can’t be negative)
So, the breadth of the plot=𝑥 = 16 m.
The length of the plot = (2𝑥 + 1) = 2 × 16 + 1 = 32 + 1 =33m.
Example-9. Find two consecutive odd positive integers, sum of whose squares is 290.
Sol: Let first odd positive integer = 𝑥
Then, the second odd positive integer=𝑥 + 2
Sum of whose squares = 290
𝑥 2 + (𝑥 + 2)2 = 290
𝑥 2 + 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 4 − 290 = 0
2𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 286 = 0
𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 143 = 0 𝑎 = 1, 𝑏 = 2, 𝑐 = −143
𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐 = 22 − 4 × 1 × (−143) = 4 + 572 = 576 > 0
−𝑏 ± √𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐
𝑥=
2𝑎
−2 ± √576
𝑥=
2×1
−2 ± 24
𝑥=
2
−2 + 24 −2 − 24
𝑥= 𝑜𝑟
2 2
22 −26
𝑥= 𝑜𝑟
2 2
BALABHADRA SURESH - 9866845885 Page 20
 𝑥 = 11 𝑜𝑟 − 13
∴ 𝑥 = 11 ( 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑒𝑟 𝑥 ≠ −13)
Thus, the two consecutive odd integers are 11 and 11+2⇒ 11 𝑎𝑛𝑑 13
Example-10. A rectangular park is to be designed whose breadth is 3 m less than its length.
Its area is to be 4 square metres more than the area of a park that has already been made in
the shape of an isosceles triangle with its base as the breadth of the rectangular park and of
altitude 12 m. Find its length and breadth.
Sol: Let the length of the rectangular park=𝑥 𝑚
So, its breadth =(𝑥 − 3)𝑚
Area of the rectangle=𝑥(𝑥 − 3) = (𝑥 2 − 3𝑥) 𝑚2
Now, base of the isosceles triangle= (𝑥 − 3)𝑚
Altitude(height) =12 m
1
Area of isosceles triangle=2 × 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 × ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡
1
= × (𝑥 − 3) × 12 = (6𝑥 − 18)𝑚2
2
Given area of rectangle=Area of triangle+4
𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 = 6𝑥 − 18 + 4
𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 6𝑥 + 18 − 4 = 0
𝑥 2 − 9𝑥 + 14 = 0
𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 − 2𝑥 + 14 = 0
(𝑥 − 7)(𝑥 − 2) = 0
𝑥 = 7 𝑜𝑟 2
∴ 𝑥 = 7 ( 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑥 > 3)
So, the 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑘 = 7 𝑚 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑡ℎ = 7 − 3 = 4𝑚.
Example-11. Find the roots of the following quadratic equations, if they exist, using the
quadratic formula:
(i) 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 5 = 0
Sol: 𝑎 = 1, 𝑏 = 4, 𝑐 = 5
𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐 = 42 − 4 × 1 × 5 = 16 − 20 = −4 < 0
So, there are no real roots for the given equation.
(ii) 2𝑥 2 − 2√2𝑥 + 1 = 0
Sol: 𝑎 = 2, 𝑏 = −2√2, 𝑐 = 1
2
𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐 = (−2√2) − 4 × 2 × 1 = 8 − 8 = 0

−𝑏 ± √𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐
𝑥=
2𝑎

BALABHADRA SURESH - 9866845885 Page 21

 2√2 ± √0 2√2 ± 0
𝑥= =
2×2 4
2√2 + 0 2√2 − 0 2√2 2√2
= 𝑜𝑟 = 𝑜𝑟
4 4 4 4
√2 √2 1 1
𝑥= 𝑜𝑟 = 𝑜𝑟
2 2 √2 √2
1 1
So, the roots are ,
√2 √2

Example-12. Find the roots of the following equations:

1
(i) 𝑥 + 𝑥 = 3 (𝑥 ≠ 0)
1
𝑆𝑜𝑙: 𝑥 + =3
𝑥
𝑥2 + 1
=3
𝑥
𝑥 2 + 1 = 3𝑥
𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 1 = 0 𝑎 = 1, 𝑏 = −3, 𝑐 = 1
𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐 = (−3)2 − 4 × 1 × 1 = 9 − 4 = 5 > 0
−𝑏 ± √𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐
𝑥=
2𝑎
3 ± √5 3 ± √5
𝑥= =
2×1 2
3 + √5 3 − √5
𝑥= 𝑜𝑟
2 2
3+√5 3−√5
The roots of the given equation are 𝑎𝑛𝑑 .
2 2

1 1
(𝑖𝑖) − = 3 (𝑥 ≠ 0,2)
𝑥 𝑥−2
1 1
𝑆𝑜𝑙: − =3
𝑥 𝑥−2
𝑥−2−𝑥
=3
𝑥(𝑥 − 2)
−2 = 3𝑥(𝑥 − 2)
3𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 2 = 0 ∶ 𝑎 = 3, 𝑏 = −6, 𝑐 = 2
𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐 = (−6)2 − 4 × 3 × 2 = 36 − 24 = 12 > 0
−𝑏 ± √𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐
𝑥=
2𝑎
6 ± √12 6 ± 2√3 2(3 ± √3) 3 ± √3
𝑥= = = =
2×3 6 6 3
3 + √3 3 − √3
𝑥= 𝑜𝑟
3 3
BALABHADRA SURESH - 9866845885 Page 22
 3+√3 3−√3
The roots of the given equation are 𝑎𝑛𝑑 .
3 3

Example-13. A motor boat whose speed is 18 km/h in still water. It takes 1 hour more to go 24
km upstream than to return downstream to the same spot. Find the speed of the stream.
Sol: : Let the speed of the stream=𝑥 𝑘𝑚/ℎ
Given speed of the boat=18 𝑘𝑚/ℎ
Relative speed of the boat in upstream= (18 − 𝑥) 𝑘𝑚/ℎ
𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 24
𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑛 𝑡𝑜 𝑔𝑜 𝑢𝑝𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑚 = = ℎ
𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 18 − 𝑥
Relative speed of the boat in downstream= (18 + 𝑥) 𝑘𝑚/ℎ
𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 24
𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑛 𝑡𝑜 𝑔𝑜 𝑑𝑜𝑤𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑚 = = ℎ
𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 18 + 𝑥
According to the problem
24 24
− =1
18 − 𝑥 18 + 𝑥
18 + 𝑥 − 18 + 𝑥
24 ( )=1
(18 − 𝑥 )18 + 𝑥
2𝑥 1
2
=
324 − 𝑥 24
2𝑥 × 24 = 324 − 𝑥 2
𝑥 2 + 48𝑥 − 324 = 0 ; 𝑎 = 1, 𝑏 = 48, 𝑐 = −324 :
𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐 = (48)2 − 4 × 1 × (−324) = 2304 + 1296 = 3600 > 0
−48 ± √3600 −48 ± 60
𝑥= =
2×1 2
−48 + 60 −48 − 60
𝑥= 𝑜𝑟
2 2
12 −108
𝑥= 𝑜𝑟
2 2
𝑥 = 6 𝑜𝑟 − 54
∴ 𝑥 = 6 ( 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑚 𝑐𝑎𝑛′ 𝑡𝑏𝑒 𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒)
The speed of the stream = 6 km/h.

1. Find the roots of the following quadratic equations, if they exist, by the method of
completing the square:
(i) 2𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 4 = 0
Sol: 2𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 4 = 0
Dividing both sides by 2
2𝑥 2 𝑥 4
+ − =0
2 2 2
BALABHADRA SURESH - 9866845885 Page 23
 𝑥
𝑥2 + =2
2
1
𝑥2 + 2 × 𝑥 × =2
4
1 2
Adding (4) to both sides

1 1 2 1 2
𝑥2 + 2 × 𝑥 + ( ) = 2 + ( )
4 4 4
1 2 1
(𝑥 + ) = 2 +
4 16
1 2 33
(𝑥 + ) =
4 4

1 33
𝑥+ = ±√
4 4

1 √33
𝑥+ =±
4 4
1 √33 1 √33
𝑥=− + 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = − −
4 4 4 4
−1 + √33 −1 − √33
𝑥= 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 =
4 4
−1 + √33 −1 − √33
𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑓 2𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 4 = 0 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑑
4 4
(ii) 4𝑥 2 + 4√3𝑥 + 3 = 0
Sol: 4𝑥 2 + 4√3𝑥 + 3 = 0
Dividing both sides by 4
4𝑥 2 4√3𝑥 3
+ + =0
4 4 4
3
𝑥 2 + √3𝑥 = −
4
√3 3
𝑥2 + 2 × 𝑥 × =−
2 4
2
√3
Adding ( 2 ) to both sides
2 2
√3 √3 3 √3
𝑥2 + 2 × 𝑥 × +( ) = − + ( )
2 2 4 2
2
√3 3 3
(𝑥 + ) = − +
2 4 4
2
√3
(𝑥 + ) = 0
2

BALABHADRA SURESH - 9866845885 Page 24

 √3 √3
𝑥+ =0 ⇒𝑥=−
2 2
√3 √3
𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑓 4𝑥 2 + 4√3𝑥 + 3 = 0 𝑎𝑟𝑒 − ,−
2 2
(iii) 5𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 − 6 = 0
Sol: 5𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 − 6 = 0
Dividing both sides by 5
5𝑥 2 7𝑥 6
− − =0
5 5 5
7𝑥 6
𝑥2 − =
5 5
7 6
𝑥2 − 2 × 𝑥 × =
10 5
7 2
Adding (10) to both sides

2
7 7 2 6 7 2
𝑥 −2×𝑥× +( ) = + ( )
10 10 5 10
7 2 6 49
(𝑥 − ) = +
10 5 100
7 2 120 + 49 169
(𝑥 − ) = =
10 4 100

7 169
𝑥− = ±√
10 100
7 13
𝑥− =±
10 10
7 13 7 13
𝑥= + 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = −
10 10 10 10
7 + 13 7 − 13
𝑥= 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 =
10 10
20 −6 3
𝑥= = 2 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = =−
10 10 5
3
𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑓 5𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 − 6 = 0 𝑎𝑟𝑒 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 − 5.

(iv) 𝑥 2 + 5 = −6𝑥
Sol: 𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 5 = 0
𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 = −5
𝑥 2 − 2 × 𝑥 × 3 = −5
Adding (3)2 to both sides
𝑥 2 − 2 × 𝑥 × 3 + (3)2 = −5 + (3)2
(𝑥 − 3)2 = −5 + 9 = 4

BALABHADRA SURESH - 9866845885 Page 25

 𝑥 − 3 = √4
𝑥 − 3 = ±2
𝑥 = 3±2
𝑥 = 3 + 2 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = 3 − 2
𝑥 = 5 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = 1
𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑥 2 + 5 = −6𝑥 𝑎𝑟𝑒 5 𝑎𝑛𝑑 1.
2. Find the roots of the quadratic equations by applying the quadratic formula.
(i) 2𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 4 = 0
Sol: 𝑎 = 2, 𝑏 = 1, 𝑐 = −4
𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐 = (1)2 − 4 × 2 × (−4) = 1 + 32 = 33 > 0
−𝑏 ± √𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐
𝑥=
2𝑎
−1 ± √33 −1 ± √33
𝑥= =
2×2 4
−1 + √33 −1 − √33
𝑥= 𝑜𝑟
4 4
−1+√33 −1−√33
The roots of the given equation are 𝑎𝑛𝑑 .
4 4

(ii) 4𝑥 2 + 4√3𝑥 + 3 = 0
Sol: 𝑎 = 4, 𝑏 = 4√3, 𝑐 = 3
2
𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐 = (4√3) − 4 × 4 × 3 = 48 − 48 = 0

−𝑏 ± √𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐
𝑥=
2𝑎
−4√3 ± √0
𝑥=
2×4
−4√3 −4√3
𝑥= ,
2×4 2×4
√3 √3
𝑥=− , −
2 2
(iii) 5𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 − 6 = 0
Sol: 𝑎 = 5, 𝑏 = −7, 𝑐 = −6
𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐 = (−7)2 − 4 × 5 × (−6) = 49 + 120 = 169 > 0
−𝑏 ± √𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐
𝑥=
2𝑎
7 ± √169 7 ± 13
𝑥= =
2×5 10
7 + 13 7 − 13
𝑥= 𝑜𝑟
10 10
BALABHADRA SURESH - 9866845885 Page 26
 20 −6
𝑥= 𝑜𝑟
10 10
3
𝑥 = 2 𝑜𝑟 −
5
(iv) 𝑥 2 + 5 = −6𝑥
Sol: 𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 5 = 0
𝑎 = 1, 𝑏 = −6, 𝑐 = 5
𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐 = (−6)2 − 4 × 1 × 5 = 36 − 20 = 16 > 0
−𝑏 ± √𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐
𝑥=
2𝑎
−6 ± √16 −6 ± 4
𝑥= =
2×1 2
−6 + 4 −6 − 4
𝑥= 𝑜𝑟
2 2
−2 −10
𝑥= 𝑜𝑟
2 2
𝑥 = −1 𝑜𝑟 − 5

3. Find the roots of the following equations:

1
(i) 𝑥−𝑥=3, 𝑥 ≠0
1
𝑆𝑜𝑙: 𝑥 − =3
𝑥
𝑥2 − 1
=3
𝑥
𝑥 2 − 1 = 3𝑥
𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 1 = 0 𝑎 = 1, 𝑏 = −3, 𝑐 = −1
𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐 = (−3)2 − 4 × 1 × (−1) = 9 + 4 = 13 > 0
−𝑏 ± √𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐
𝑥=
2𝑎
3 ± √13 3 ± √13
𝑥= =
2×1 2
3 + √13 3 − √13
𝑥= 𝑜𝑟
2 2
3+√13 3−√13
The roots of the given equation are 𝑎𝑛𝑑 .
2 2

1 1 11
(𝑖𝑖 ) − = , 𝑥 ≠ −4,7
𝑥 + 4 𝑥 − 7 30
1 1 11
𝑆𝑜𝑙: − =
𝑥 + 4 𝑥 − 7 30

BALABHADRA SURESH - 9866845885 Page 27

 𝑥−7−𝑥−4 11
=
(𝑥 + 4)(𝑥 − 7) 30
−11 11
=
𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 28 30
30
𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 28 = −11 ×
11
𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 28 = −30
𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 28 + 30 = 0
𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 2 = 0
(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − 2) = 0
𝑥 − 1 = 0 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 − 2 = 0
𝑥 = 1 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = 2
4. The sum of the reciprocals of Rehman’s ages, (in years) 3 years ago and 5 years from now
1
is 3. Find his present age.

Sol: Let Rehman’s present age=𝑥 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑠

3 years ago Rehman’s age=(𝑥 − 3) years
1
𝑅𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑡 =
𝑥−3
5 years from now Rehman’s age=(𝑥 + 5) years
1
𝑅𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑡 =
𝑥+5
1
𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑠 =
3
1 1 1
+ =
𝑥−3 𝑥+5 3
𝑥+5+𝑥−3 1
=
(𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 + 5) 3
2𝑥 + 2 1
=
𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 15 3
1 × (𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 15) = 3 × (2𝑥 + 2)
𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 15 = 6𝑥 + 6
𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 15 − 6𝑥 − 6 = 0
𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 21 = 0
(𝑥 − 7)(𝑥 + 3) = 0 −7 × 3 = −21
−7 + 3 = −4
𝑥 = 7 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = −3
∴ 𝑥 = 7 ( 𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑛′ 𝑡 𝑏𝑒 𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒)
Present age of Rehman=7 years

BALABHADRA SURESH - 9866845885 Page 28

5. In a class test, the sum of Moulika’s marks in Mathematics and English is 30. If she got 2
marks more in Mathematics and 3 marks less in English, the product of her marks would
have been 210. Find her marks in the two subjects.
Sol: The sum of Moulika’s marks in Mathematics and English = 30
Let Moulika’s marks in Mathematics=𝑥
Moulika’s marks in English=30 − 𝑥
If she got 2 marks more in Mathematics then her marks=𝑥 + 2
If she got 3 marks less in English then her marks=30 − 𝑥 − 3 = 27 − 𝑥
Product of these marks=210
(𝑥 + 2)(27 − 𝑥 ) = 210
27𝑥 − 𝑥 2 + 54 − 2𝑥 − 210 = 0
−𝑥 2 + 25𝑥 − 156 = 0
𝑥 2 − 25𝑥 + 156 = 0 −12 × −13 = 156
(𝑥 − 12)(𝑥 − 13) = 0 −12 − 13 = −25
𝑥 = 12 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = 13
If 𝑥 = 12 then marks in Mathematics=12,
Marks in English=30 − 12 = 18
If 𝑥 = 13 then marks in Mathematics=13,
Marks in English=30 − 13 = 17
6. The diagonal of a rectangular field is 60 metres more than the shorter side. If the longer
side is 30 metres more than the shorter side, find the sides of the field.
Sol: Let the shorter side of a rectangular field =𝑥 𝑚
𝐷
Longer side= (𝑥 + 30) 𝑚 𝐶
The diagonal=(𝑥 + 60) 𝑚 𝑥m
By Pythagoras theorem
(𝑥 + 30)2 + 𝑥 2 = (𝑥 + 60)2 𝐴 (𝑥 + 30) 𝑚 𝐵
𝑥 2 + 60𝑥 + 900 + 𝑥 2 = 𝑥 2 + 120𝑥 + 3600
𝑥 2 + 60𝑥 + 900 + 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 2 − 120𝑥 − 3600 = 0
𝑥 2 − 60𝑥 − 2700 = 0 −90 × 30 = −2700
−90 + 30 = −60
(𝑥 − 90)(𝑥 + 30) = 0
𝑥 − 90 = 0 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 + 30 = 0
𝑥 = 90 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = −30
∴ 𝑥 = 90 (𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑛′ 𝑡𝑏𝑒 𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒)
Length=𝑥 + 30 = 90 + 30 = 120 𝑚
Breadth=𝑥 = 90 𝑚.

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7. The difference of squares of two numbers is 180. The square of the smaller number is 8
times the larger number. Find the two numbers.
Sol: Let the larger number=𝑥
(𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 )2 = 8𝑥
Given (𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑟 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟)2 − (𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟)2 = 180
𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 = 180
𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 − 180 = 0 −18 × 10 = −180
−18 + 10 = −8
(𝑥 − 18)(𝑥 + 10) = 0
𝑥 − 18 = 0 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 + 10 = 0
𝑥 = 18 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = −10
∴ 𝑥 = 18 ( 𝑥 𝑐𝑎𝑛′ 𝑡 𝑏𝑒 𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒)
The larger number=𝑥 = 18
smallara number = √8𝑥 = √8 × 18 = √144 = 12.
8. A train travels 360 km at a uniform speed. If the speed had been 5 km/h more, it would
have taken 1 hour less for the same journey. Find the speed of the train.
Sol: Let the speed of the train=𝑥 𝑘𝑚/ℎ
Distance=360 km
𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 360
𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 = = ℎ
𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑥
If the speed had been 5 km/h more then speed of the train=(𝑥 + 5 )𝑘𝑚/ℎ
𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 360
𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 = = ℎ
𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑥+5
Difference of times=1h
360 360
− =1
𝑥 𝑥+5
1 1
360 ( − )=1
𝑥 𝑥+5
𝑥+5−𝑥 1
=
𝑥(𝑥 + 5) 360
𝑥(𝑥 + 5) = 5 × 360
−40 × 45 = −1800
𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 − 1800 = 0 −40 + 45 = 5
(𝑥 − 40)(𝑥 + 45) = 0
𝑥 − 40 = 0 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 + 45 = 0
𝑥 = 40 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = −45
∴ 𝑥 = 40 (𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑐𝑎𝑛′ 𝑡 𝑏𝑒 𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒)
The speed of the train=40 km/h.

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 3
9. Two water taps together can fill a tank in 9 8 hours. The tap of larger diameter takes 10

hours less than the smaller one to fill the tank separately. Find the time in which each tap
can separately fill the tank.
Sol: Time taken by the tap of smaller diameter to fill the tank=𝑥 ℎ
Time taken by the tap of larger diameter to fill the tank= (𝑥 − 10) ℎ
1
Tank filled by the smaller diameter tap in 1 hour=𝑥
1
Tank filled by the larger diameter tap in 1 hour=
𝑥−10
3 75
Time taken by both taps to fill the tank=9 8 ℎ = ℎ
8

Total work done=1

75 1 1
( + )=1
8 𝑥 𝑥 − 10
𝑥 − 10 + 𝑥 8
=
𝑥(𝑥 − 10) 75
2𝑥 − 10 8
2
=
𝑥 − 10𝑥 75
8 × (𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 ) = 75(2𝑥 − 10)
8𝑥 2 − 80𝑥 − 150𝑥 + 750 = 0
8𝑥 2 − 230𝑥 + 750 = 0 4 × 375 = 1500
4𝑥 2 − 115𝑥 + 375 = 0 (−100)(−15) = 1500
−100 − 15 = −115
4𝑥 2 − 100𝑥 − 15𝑥 + 375 = 0
4𝑥(𝑥 − 25) − 15(𝑥 − 25) = 0
(𝑥 − 25)(4𝑥 − 15) = 0
𝑥 − 25 = 0 𝑜𝑟 4𝑥 − 15 = 0
15 1
𝑥 = 25 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = =4
4 4
∴ 𝑥 = 25 ( 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑥 > 10)
Time taken by the tap of smaller diameter to fill the tank=𝑥 = 25ℎ
Time taken by the tap of larger diameter to fill the tank= (𝑥 − 10) = (25 − 10) = 15 ℎ
10. An express train takes 1 hour less than a passenger train to travel 132 km between
Mysore and Bangalore (without taking into consideration the time they stop at
intermediate stations). If the average speed of the express train is 11km/h more than that
of the passenger train, find the average speed of the two trains.
Sol: Let the average speed of the passenger train=𝑥 𝑘𝑚/ℎ
Then the average speed of the express train= (𝑥 + 11) 𝑘𝑚/ℎ
Distance travelled=132 km

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 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 132
𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑛 𝑡𝑜 𝑝𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑟 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛 = = ℎ
𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑥
132
𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑛 𝑡𝑜 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑠 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛 = ℎ
𝑥 + 11
Difference of times = 1h
132 132
− =1
𝑥 𝑥 + 11
1 1
132 ( − )=1
𝑥 𝑥 + 11
𝑥 + 11 − 𝑥 1
=
𝑥(𝑥 + 11) 132
11 1
=
𝑥2 + 11𝑥 132
𝑥 2 + 11𝑥 = 11 × 132
𝑥 2 + 11𝑥 − 1452 = 0 −33 × 44 = −1452
−33 + 44 = 11
(𝑥 − 33)(𝑥 + 44) = 0
𝑥 − 33 = 0 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 + 44 = 0
𝑥 = 33 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = −44
∴ 𝑥 = 33 ( 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑐𝑎𝑛′ 𝑡 𝑏𝑒 𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒)
The average speed of passenger train=33 km/h
The average speed of express train=33+11=44 km/h.
11. Sum of the areas of two squares is 468 m2 . If the difference of their perimeters is 24 m,
find the sides of the two squares.
Sol: Let the side of the smaller square= 𝑥 𝑚
Perimeter of the smaller square=4 × 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 = 4𝑥 𝑚
Perimeter of the larger square=(4𝑥 + 24) = 4(𝑥 + 6)𝑚
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑡𝑒𝑟 4(𝑥 + 6)
𝑆𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒 = = = (𝑥 + 6)𝑚
4 4
Given Sum of the areas of two squares is= 468 m 2
𝑥 2 + (𝑥 + 6)2 = 468
𝑥 2 + 𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 + 36 − 468 = 0
2𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 − 432 = 0
−12 × 18 = −432
𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 − 216 = 0 −12 + 18 = 6
(𝑥 − 12)(𝑥 + 18) = 0
𝑥 = 12 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = −18
∴ 𝑥 = 12 ( 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑛′ 𝑡 𝑏𝑒 𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒)
Sides of two squares are 12m ,12+6=18m.

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 1
12. If a polygon of ‘n’ sides has 2 𝑛(𝑛 − 3)diagonals. How many sides will a polygon having 65

diagonals? Is there a polygon with 50 diagonals?

1
𝑆𝑜𝑙: 𝑛(𝑛 − 3) = 65
2
𝑛2 − 3𝑛 = 2 × 65
𝑛2 − 3𝑛 − 130 = 0 −13 × 10 = −130
(𝑛 − 13)(𝑛 + 10) = 0 −13 + 10 = −3

𝑛 − 13 = 0 𝑜𝑟 𝑛 + 10 = 0
𝑛 = 13 𝑜𝑟 𝑛 = −10
∴ 𝑛 = 13 ( 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑦𝑔𝑜𝑛 𝑐𝑎𝑛′ 𝑡 𝑏𝑒 𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒)
The number of sides of the polygon with 65 diagonals=13.
1
𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑛(𝑛 − 3) = 50
2
𝑛2 − 3𝑛 − 100 = 0
𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐 = (−3)2 − 4 × 1 × (−100) = 9 + 400 = 409 it is not a perfect square.
There is no real value for 𝑛.
∴ There can’t be a polygon with 50 diagonals.

The nature of roots of a quadratic equation 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0 depends on 𝒃𝟐 − 𝟒𝒂𝒄 is called

the discriminant(D or ∆ )of the Q.E.
(i) If b2 − 4ac > 0 then the roots are distinct and real.
(ii) If b2 − 4ac = 0 then the roots are equal and real.
(iii) If b2 − 4ac < 0 then no real roots.
Example-14. Find the discriminant of the quadratic equation 2x 2 – 4x + 3 = 0, and hence find
the nature of its roots.
Sol: Given Q.E is 2x 2 – 4x + 3 = 0 𝑎 = 2, 𝑏 = −4, 𝑐 = 3
b2 − 4ac = (−4)2 − 4 × 2 × 3 = 16 − 24 = −8 < 0
So, the given equation has no real roots.
Example-15. A pole has to be erected at a point on the boundary of a circular park of diameter
13 metres in such a way that the differences of its distances from two diametrically
opposite fixed gates A and B on the boundary is 7 metres. Is it possible to do so? If yes, at
what distances from the two gates should the pole be erected?
Sol: Let P be the required location of the pole.
Let BP= 𝑥 𝑚 then AP= (𝑥 + 7)𝑚 and AB= 13 m
We know that angle in semicircle=900. So ∠𝐴𝑃𝐵 = 900

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 𝐴𝑃2 + 𝐵𝑃2 = 𝐴𝐵2 ( By Pythagoras theorem)
(𝑥 + 7)2 + 𝑥 2 = 132
𝑥 2 + 𝑥 2 + 14𝑥 + 49 − 169 = 0
2𝑥 2 + 14𝑥 − 120 = 0
𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 − 60 = 0 −5 × 12 = −60
−5 + 12 = 7
(𝑥 − 5)(𝑥 + 12) = 0
𝑥 − 5 = 0 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 + 12 = 0
𝑥 = 5 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = −12
∴ 𝑥 = 5 ( 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑛′ 𝑡𝑏𝑒 𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒)
Thus, the pole has to be erected on the boundary of the park at a distance of 5m from the
gate B and 12m from the gate A.
1
Example-16. Find the discriminant of the equation 3𝑥 2 − 2x + 3 = 0 and hence find the nature

of its roots. Find them, if they are real.

1 1
Sol: Given Q.E is 3𝑥 2 − 2x + 3 = 0 ∶ 𝑎 = 3 , 𝑏 = −2, 𝑐 = 3
1
b2 − 4ac = (−2)2 − 4 × 3 × =4−4=0
3
So, the roots are equal and real.
−𝑏 −𝑏 2 2 1 1
𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒 , ⇒ , ⇒ , .
2𝑎 2𝑎 2×3 2×3 3 3

1. Find the nature of the roots of the following quadratic equations. If real roots exist, find
them:
(i) 2𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 5 = 0
Sol: 𝑎 = 2, 𝑏 = −3, 𝑐 = 5
b2 − 4ac = (−3)2 − 4 × 2 × 5 = 9 − 40 = −31 < 0
So, the Q.E has no real roots.
(ii) 3𝑥 2 − 4√3𝑥 + 4 = 0
Sol: 𝑎 = 3, 𝑏 = −4√3, 𝑐 = 4
2
b2 − 4ac = (−4√3) − 4 × 3 × 4 = 48 − 48 = 0
So, the roots are real and equal
−𝑏 −𝑏 4√3 4√3 2√3 2√3
𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒 , ⇒ , ⇒ ,
2𝑎 2𝑎 2×3 2×3 3 3
(iii) 2𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 3 = 0
Sol: 𝑎 = 2, 𝑏 = −6, 𝑐 = 3
b2 − 4ac = (−6)2 − 4 × 2 × 3 = 36 − 24 = 12 < 0
BALABHADRA SURESH - 9866845885 Page 34
 So, the roots are real and distinct.
−𝑏 ± √𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐
𝑥=
2𝑎
6 ± √12 6 ± 2√3 2(3 ± √3) 3 ± √3
= = = =
2×2 4 4 2
3 + √3 3 − √3
𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒 ,
2 2
2. Find the values of k for each of the following quadratic equations, so that they have two
equal roots.
(i) 2𝑥 2 + 𝑘𝑥 + 3 = 0
Sol: 𝑎 = 2, 𝑏 = 𝑘, 𝑐 = 3
If the Q.E has equal roots then 𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐 = 0
𝑘2 − 4 × 2 × 3 = 0
𝑘 2 = 24 ⇒ 𝑘 = ±√24 = ±√4 × 6 = ±2√6
(ii) 𝑘𝑥(𝑥 − 2) + 6 = 0
Sol: 𝑘𝑥 2 − 2𝑘𝑥 + 6 = 0
𝑎 = 𝑘, 𝑏 = −2𝑘, 𝑐 = 6
If the Q.E has equal roots then 𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐 = 0
(−2𝑘)2 − 4 × 𝑘 × 6 = 0
4𝑘 2 − 24𝑘 = 0
4𝑘(𝑘 − 6) = 0
4𝑘 = 0 𝑜𝑟 𝑘 − 6 = 0
𝑘 = 0 𝑜𝑟 𝑘 = 6
∴ 𝑘 = 6 ( 𝑖𝑓 𝑘 = 0 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑎 = 0 , 𝑏 = 0 𝑖𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑎 𝑄. 𝐸)
3. Is it possible to design a rectangular mango grove whose length is twice its breadth, and
the area is 800 m 2 ? If so, find its length and breadth.
Sol: Let the breadth (𝑏) =𝑥 𝑚
Length (𝑙) =2𝑥 𝑚
Given area of the rectangular grove=800m2
𝑥 × 2𝑥 = 800
800
𝑥2 = = 400 ⇒ 𝑥 = √400 = 20
2
Yes , it is possible
Length of the mango grove=2 × 20 = 40𝑚
Breadth of the mango grove=20 𝑚.

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4. The sum of the ages of two friends is 20 years. Four years ago, the product of their ages in
years was 48. Is the situation possible? If so, determine their present ages.
Sol:
First friend Second friend
Present age(in years) 𝑥 20 − 𝑥
Four years ago age 𝑥−4 20 − 𝑥 − 4 = 16 − 𝑥
Four years ago, the product of their ages=48
(𝑥 − 4)(16 − 𝑥 ) = 48
16𝑥 − 𝑥 2 − 64 + 4𝑥 − 48 = 0
−𝑥 2 + 20𝑥 − 112 = 0
𝑥 2 − 20𝑥 + 112 = 0
𝑎 = 1, 𝑏 = −20, 𝑐 = 112
𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐 = (−20)2 − 4 × 1 × 112 = 400 − 448 = −48 < 0
The roots are not real. So, the situation is not possible.
5. Is it possible to design a rectangular park of perimeter 80 m. and area 400 m 2 ? If so, find
its length and breadth.
Sol: Let length of rectangular park(𝑙)=𝑥 𝑚
Perimeter of the park=80 m
2(𝑙 + 𝑏) = 80
80
𝑥+𝑏= = 40 ⇒ 𝑏 = 40 − 𝑥
2
Area of park=400 m2
𝑥(40 − 𝑥) = 400
40𝑥 − 𝑥 2 − 400 = 0
𝑥 2 − 40𝑥 + 400 = 0
(𝑥 − 20)(𝑥 − 20) = 0
𝑥 − 20 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 = 20
Length of the rectangular park=20 m
Breadth of the rectangular park=40 − 20 =20m

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