Knox Internationale Technological

Institute
Looban St., Manatal, Pandi, Bulacan
School ID No.: 407175
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

SUBJECT: STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY

HELLO KNOXIANS

In the study of basic probability, you will learn that an experiment is any activity
which can be done repeatedly under similar condition. The set of all possible outcomes of
an experiment is called the sample space. You will also learn how to mathematically list the
possible outcome of a given experiment. In tossing a coin, for instance, the possible
outcomes are turning up a head or a tail.

Module

5 NORMAL DISTRIBUTION (Understanding

(WEEK 5) Normal Curve Distribution)

Objective
.

At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:

1. define normal curve,
2. draw a normal curve
3. state and apply the empirical rule

Abstraction
 Normal Probability Distribution is a probability distribution of a continuous random
variables. It shows graphical representations of random variables obtained through
measurement like the height and weight of the students, the percentile ranks of the A&E
(Accreditation and Equivalency Test result of the ALS students or any data with the values of
interval scale of real numbers. It is also used to describe the characteristics of populations
and making inferences.

This graphical representation is popularly known as a normal curve. Normal curve is

described clearly by the following properties

Properties of Normal Curve

1. The normal curve is like a bell-shaped

2. The peak of a normal curve is at the center where the three measures of central
tendency such as mean, mode, and median are equal to each other.
3. About its mean 0, the normal curve is symmetrical to the center.
4. The tails are plotted on both directions of normal curve and it is asymptotic with the
horizontal axis. Asymptote means a graph is approaching to the specific line but it will
never touching it.
5. The total area of normal curve is 1.

The shape of a normal curve is based on the two given parameters, the mean and
the standard deviations of the distributions. The following are the three situations of a normal
curve based on the said parameters

a. When the mean are not equal but the standard deviation are equal. (µ1 ≠ µ2 ; ơ1
=ơ2 ), the curves have the similar shape but centered at different points.

b. When the mean are not equal but the standard deviation are equal. (µ1 = µ2 ; ơ1 ≠
ơ2 ), The curves is centered at same point but they have different height and
spreads

c. When the mean are different and the standard deviations also different (µ1≠ µ2 ; ơ1
≠ ơ2 ), The curves is centered at different points and vary in shapes

The normal curve is also described through the equation written below

2
X− µ
(−1 /2 )( )
2
e
Y=
ơ √ 2π

where: Y = height of the curve particular values of random variables

X = any values of the random variables
µ = population mean
ơ = standard deviation
π = 3.1416
 e = 2.7183

When the normal probability distribution has a mean µ = 0 and standard deviation ơ
= 1, it is called as standard normal distribution.

HOW TO CONSTRUCT A STANDARD NORMAL CURVE.

In constructing, a normal curve always remember its properties. Check the following
pointers if present.
1. It should be a bell-shaped and symmetric about its center
2. Both side of the tails of a normal curve should not touch the horizontal axis
3. In the horizontal axis, use 0 at the center where the mean is located and use 1, 2,
and 3 to the right and -1, -2 and -3 to the left. But still remember there is an
integral parts between each number However, it is not limited to the -3 and 3 , it
is extended indefinitely
4. The distance of number in the horizontal line or the x-axis should always
proportion.

Refer to the figure below for the illustrative explanation of the pointers to remember
on constructing standard normal curve.

EMPIRICAL RULE
 The above diagram shows the representation of 68% - 95% - 99.7% rule. The 68% -
95% - 99.7% rule is better known as empirical rule. This rule states that the data in the
distribution lies within the 1, 2, and 3 of the standard deviation of the mean. Specifically, the
above diagram tells the estimation of the following percentage:
 68% of data lies within the 1 standard deviation of the mean.
 95% of data lies within the 2 standard deviation of the mean.
 99.7% of data lies within the 3 standard deviation of the mean.

Illustrative Example 1:
The score of the Senior High School students in their Statistics and Probability
quarterly examination are normally distributed with a mean of 35 and standard deviation of 5.

Answer the following questions:

a. What percent will fall within the score 30 to 40?
b. What scores fall within 95% of the distribution?

Solution:
Draw a standard normal curve and plot the mean at the center. Then, add three
times the given standard deviation to the right of the mean and subtract 3 times to the left.
The illustration is provided below:

Answer:
 a. The scores 30 to 40 falls within the first standard deviation of the mean.
Therefore, it is approximately 68% of the distribution
b. Since 95% lies within the 2 standard deviation of the mean, then the
corresponding scores of this distribution are from 25 up to 45.

Illustrative Example 2:
The district nurse of Candelaria East needs to measure the BMI (Body Mass
Index) of the ALS students. She found out that the heights of male students are
normally distributed with a mean of 160 cm and a standard deviation of 7 cm.
Find the percentage of male students whose height is within 153 to 174.

Solution: The mean of this problem is 160, it is subtracted by 7 to the left (e.g. 160 -7 = 153;
153-7 = 146; 146 – 7 = 139) and add 7 to the right. (e.g. 160 + 7 = 167; 167 + 7 =
174 + 7 = 181)
As stated in the above diagram, 153 falls at 1 standard deviation of the mean
to the left of the center and the height of 174 falls at 2 standard deviation of the
mean to the right. Therefore, it covers the whole 68% and 13.5%. of the
distribution and the sum of it is 81.5%
ANSWER: The height 153 to 174 lies on the 81.5% of the distribution

Knox Internationale Technological

Institute
Looban St., Manatal, Pandi, Bulacan
School ID No.: 407175
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
 SUBJECT: STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY
Name:___________________________________________________________
__
Grade Level:_____________ Section:_________________
LRN:_________________________________________________

QUIZ 5
A. True or False. Write the word TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE,
if the statement is incorrect
_______1. The total area of the normal curve is 1
_______2. Normal probability distribution is used to determine the probabilities of a
discrete random variable
_______3. The mean, median and mode have the same value.
_______4. The distance of the number in the horizontal line or the x-axis should
always proportion.
_______5 The normal probability distribution has a mean µ = 1 and standard
deviation ơ = 0, it is called as standard normal distribution.
B. Read the following problems carefully. Use empirical rule to answer each question.
1. IQ scores of the ALS students in the Division of Quezon are normally distributed
with a mean of 110 and a standard deviation of 10. What percent of the
distribution falls within the IQ scores of 100 to 130?
2. A normal distribution of data with the mean of 78 and standard deviation of 9.
What percentage of the data would measure 87?

Directions: Shade the letter that corresponds to the BEST answer.

1. The total area under the standard normal curve is _________.

A. -1 B. 0 C. 0.5 D. 1
A B `C D 2. What is the shape of a Normal Probability Distributions?
A. bar B. bell C. circle D. line
AA BB CC DD
3. Which part of a normal curve is extended indefinitely both directions along the
horizontal axis, approaching but never touching it?
A A BB CC D A. center B. tail C. top D. spread
4. Which of the following rule states that almost all data fall within the 1, 2 and 3 of
A B C D standard deviation of mean when the population is normally distributed?
A B C D A. empirical rule C. Lottery rule
B. Pascal’s triangle rule D. Sampling rule

A B C D 5. If the average age of retirement for the population in the Philippines

is 65 years and with standard deviation of 5 years, what is the
A B C D
approximate age range in which 68% of people retire?
A. 60 – 70 years B. 55 – 65 years C. 55 – 60 years D. 60 -65 years
A B C D
 Knox Internationale Technological
Institute
Looban St., Manatal, Pandi, Bulacan
School ID No.: 407175
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

SUBJECT: STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY

HELLO KNOXIANS

We first learned about the notion of variables in the introduction of Algebra, and we know
from our Algebra lessons that a variable is a placeholder for real number values that can be assigned
to it. Some examples of variables includes X = number of heads or Y = number of cell phones or Z =
running time to movies.
If three coins are tossed, what numbers can be assigned for the frequency of heads that will
occur? If three cards are drawn from a deck, what number can be assigned for the frequency of face
cards that will occur? These questions may be answered using random variables which you will learn
in this module.

Module Understanding z – scores

6
(WEEK 6)

Objective

At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:

1. Use the z Table (Table of Areas under the Normal Curve) to find the area that
corresponds to z values.
2. Sketch the normal curve showing the required area.

Abstraction

In the previous lesson, we discussed the properties of the normal probability distribution
and one of them that we learned is the total area under the curve is equal to one. Since the
standard normal distribution is defined as normally distributed random variable having a
mean of zero ( µ= 0 ) and standard deviation of one (ơ = 1), the fifty (50) percent of the
region under the curve is below the mean and the other 50% is above the mean. The
illustration is provided below.

We can easily identify the area of the regions under normal curve by using the Table
of Areas under the Normal Curve which is also known as z-Table (see attachment at the last
page of this chapter). This table gives an area to any value of z from -3.99 to 3.99. The value
from this table will describe the area of the specific region of the curve to the left of the given
z-value.

How to use the Table of Areas under the Normal Curve?

Example: Find the area to the left of -1.69

Solution: First, split the given z-value into hundredths, we can find the whole number and
the tenths digit (-1.6) at left side of the table while the hundredths (0.09) located at the upper
most of the table. Then the intersection of these numbers will be the area of the normal
curve to the left of the z-value.

Illustration:
Answer: The area to the left of z= -1.69 is 0.0455.

STEPS ON HOW TO FIND THE AREA THAT CORRESPONDS TO Z –

VALUE

1. Draw/sketch a normal curve and locate the given z-value on the normal curve
2. Shade the region of the curve according to the condition of z-value whether it is
below, above or between.
3. Use the table of the area under the normal curve to find the corresponding area
4. Choose the appropriate operation based on step 2 and 3
4.1. When the z-value is to the left or any related terms (e.g. below, less than) just
write the value we obtained in step 3
4.2. When the z-value is to the right or any related terms (e.g. above, greater
than), subtract 1 by the obtained value in step 3
4.3. When the shaded region is in between of the two z-value, subtract the biggest
by smallest value obtained in step 3
5. Label the shaded region.

Example 1: Find the area that corresponds below z = -1.35

Solution:
Step 1. Draw/sketch a normal curve and locate the given z-value.
Step 2: Shade the region of the curve according to the condition of z-value whether it
is below, above or between.

Step 3. Use the table of the area under the normal curve to find the corresponding
area
 The intersection between -1.3 and 0.05 is 0.0885

Step 4. Choose the appropriate operation based on step 2 and 3

4.1 When the z-value is to the left or any related terms (e.g. below, less than)
just write the value we obtained in step 3

Since the shaded region of the curve is to the left of the z= -1.35 and the
intersection between -1.3 and 0.05 is 0.0885. Therefore, the area of the
shaded region is 0.0885

Step 5. Label the shaded region.

Example 2: Find the area to the right of z = -1.35

Step 1:
 Step 2:

Step 3.
The intersection between -1.3 and 0.05 is 0.0885

Step 4.
Since the shaded region is to the right of z-value, we will
subtract 0.0885 to 1. The difference is 0.9915

Step 5

Example 3: Find the area between z = -1.30 and z = 2

Step 1:
Step 2:

Step 3. The value that corresponds to z= 1.3 is 0.0968 and z= 2 is 0.4772

Step 4. Since the shaded region is within the two z-value, subtract
0.4772 by 0.0968. The difference is 0.8804

Step 5 The area between z = -1.3 and z= 2 is 0.8804

 Knox Internationale Technological
Institute
Looban St., Manatal, Pandi, Bulacan
School ID No.: 407175
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

SUBJECT: STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY

Name:___________________________________________________________
Grade Level:_____________ Section:_________________
LRN:_________________________________________________

QUIZ 6(10pts each)

Find the area that corresponds to each of the following z values. Sketch and label each
curve.

1. to the right of z = 2.18

2. below z= -1.40
3. above z= 0.57
4. between z = -2.34 and z = 1.57
5. between z = 0.32 and z = 2.42
 Knox Internationale Technological
Institute
Looban St., Manatal, Pandi, Bulacan
School ID No.: 407175
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

SUBJECT: STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY

HELLO KNOXIANS

In this lesson, you will learn how to convert a normal random variable X
to standard normal variable z and vice-versa. Moreover, this self-learning kit in
this particular lesson, will enable you solve real-life problems.

Module
Converting Raw Score to Standard
7
(WEEK 7) z – score

Objective

At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:

1. Express normal random variable (x) as standard normal variable (z).
2. Express standard normal variable (z) as normal random variable (x).
3. Apply the concepts of normal random and standard normal variables in solving
real-life problems.

Abstraction
In solving real-life problems involving the normal curve, it is very important to convert a
random variable x to a standard normal variable or z-score. This procedure is known as
“standardizing” or “standardization” of a random variable, where a standardized value is
called a z-score. A z-score is a measure of the number of standard deviations ( σ ) a
particular data value is away from the mean ( μ). Suppose your score on a test in Probability
and Statistics was 39 and the scores are normally distributed with a mean of 33 and
standard deviation of 3, then your score is exactly 2 standard deviations above the mean. If
you scored 30, then it is exactly 1 standard deviation below the mean. All values that are
above the mean have positive z-scores and all values that are below the mean have
negative z-scores. If you obtained a z-score of -3, this means that your score is 3 standard
deviations below the mean, that is, 33 – 3(3) = 33 – 9 = 24.
Given any value x from a normal distribution with mean μ and standard deviation σ ,
to convert x to a z-score (standard normal score), you need to;
(a) Subtract the mean μ from x.
(b) Divide this quantity, x – , by the standard deviation σ .
In equation, a z-score is defined as:
x−μ
z=
σ
where: z – standard normal score or z – score
x – any data value in a normal distribution
μ - mean
σ - standard deviation
Example 1.
Suppose IQ scores are normally distributed with a mean of 100 and standard
deviation of 10. If your IQ is 85, what was your z-score?
Solutions:
The z-score can be computed using the formula;
x−μ
z=
σ
85−100 −15
z= = = -1.5
10 10

Example 2.
On a nationwide placement test that is normally distributed, the mean was 125 and
standard deviation was 15. If you scored 149, what was your z-score?
Solutions:
x−μ
Using the formula z = ,
σ
149−125
z=
15
24
=
15
= 1.60

Example 3.
The heights of teachers in Sta. Catalina National High School are normally
distributed with a mean of 150 cm and standard deviation of 15 cm. The height of Sir Victor
has a z-score of 3.25. What is the actual height of Sir Victor?
Solutions:
In this example, z-score is given while the normal random variable is unknown. To
solve for the normal random variable x, multiply the z-score (z) by the standard deviation σ ,
then add the mean μ. Therefore;
x = zσ + μ
 = 3.25(15 cm) + 150 cm
= 48.75 cm + 150 cm
= 198.75 cm

Example 4.
The time it takes for a cell to divide is normally distributed with an average of 60
minutes and standard deviation of 5 minutes. How long will it take for a given cell to divide if
its mitosis has a z-score of -1.35?
Solutions:
x = zσ + μ
= -1.35(5 min) + 60 min
= -6.75 min + 60 min
= 53.25 minutes
This is a probability distribution because Σ P(X) = 1

Knox Internationale Technological

Institute
Looban St., Manatal, Pandi, Bulacan
School ID No.: 407175
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

SUBJECT: STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY

Name:___________________________________________________________
__
Grade Level:_____________ Section:_________________
LRN:_________________________________________________

QUIZ 7(10pts each)

Read and analyze each of the following statements carefully. Then shade the circle that
corresponds to the letter of the correct answer.

1. If the scores in a Probability and Statistics test are normally distributed

with a mean of 25 and standard deviation of 3.5. What is the z-score for a
A B C D score of 30?
A. 1.43 B. -1.43 C. 1.06 D. 0.72
A B C D 2. Gracia, an ALS student, obtained a z-score of 2.35 in an achievement test
that is normally distributed with a mean grade of 83 and standard deviation of
A B C D

A B C D
 5. What was Gracia’s grade in the achievement test?

A. 71.25 B. 94.75 C. 85.35 D. 80.65

3. In a normal distribution with a mean of 15 and standard deviation of 3, what

does a z-score of -2 indicate?
A B C D A. It indicates that the score is below the mean.
B. It indicates that the score is equal to 9.
C. It indicates that the difference between the score and the mean is 6.
A B C D D. All of the above

4. Ronnie and Loida who are best friends took a college entrance
examination. The mean score and standard deviation of the examination are
A B C D 110 and 15 respectively. If Ronnie and Loida obtained z-scores of 1.25 and -
0.75 respectively, what was their scores in the examination?
A. 128.75 and 98.75
A B C D B. 120.75 and 88.75
C. 130 and 99
D. 140.75 and 100.75
STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY

Knox Internationale Technological

Institute
Looban St., Manatal, Pandi, Bulacan
School ID No.: 407175
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

SUBJECT: STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY

HELLO KNOXIANS

In this lesson, you will learn how to apply the z-score in finding
probabilities and percentiles by simply looking at the Table of Standard Normal
Distribution. Moreover, this self-learning kit in this particular lesson, will enable
you to solve real-life problems about probabilities and percentiles.

Module
Identifying Regions of Areas Under
8
(WEEK 8) the Normal Curve

Objective

At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:

1. Compute probabilities and percentiles related to a given z-score.

2. Compute probabilities and percentiles related to a given normal random
variable X.
3. Solve real-life problems applying probabilities and percentiles related to
a given z-score and normal random variable X.

Abstraction

A normal distribution curve can be used as a probability distribution curve

for normally distributed variables. The area under the standard normal
distribution curve can also be thought of as a probability. That is, if it were
possible to select any z value at random, the probability of choosing one, say, at
the left of 1.45 would be the same as the area under the curve at the left of 1.45.

Knox Internationale Technological Institute – MODULE 1 - 4 – Ms. Chrizel DC. Cruz

19
STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY

In this case, the area is 0.9265. Therefore, the probability of randomly selecting a
z value at the left of 1.45 is 0.9265 or 92.65%. The problems involving
probabilities and percentiles are solved in the same manner as finding the areas
under a normal curve.
In finding probabilities, the following notations will be used;
(a) P(Z¿z) – Probability at the left of z.
(b) P(Z ¿ z) = 1 – P(Z ¿ z) – Probability at the right of z
(c) P(a ¿z ¿ b) – Probability of z that is in between two other z values a
and b.
(d) P(X¿ x) – Probability at the left of a normal random variable x
(e) P(X ¿ x) – Probability at the right of a normal random variable x
(f) P(a ¿ X ¿ b) – Probability of a normal random variable X that is in
between two other normal random variables a and b.

Example 1.
Find the probabilities for each of the following;
(a) P(Z ¿ 1.32)
(b) P(Z ¿ -1.05)
(c) P(-0.75 ¿ Z ¿ 1.56)
(d) P(Z ¿ -0.88

Solutions:
(a) The probability P(Z ¿ 1.32) means to find the area under the normal
curve at the left of z = 1.32. From the table, find the intersection of the
row 1.3 and the column 0.02. Thus, the probability is 0.9066 or
90.66%.

Knox Internationale Technological Institute – MODULE 1 - 4 – Ms. Chrizel DC. Cruz

20
STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY

(b) The probability P(Z ¿ -1.05) is the same as the area under the normal
curve at the left of z = -1.05. From the table, the area is 0.1469. Thus,
the probability is 0.1469 or 14.69%.

(c) The probability P(-0.75 ¿ Z ¿ 1.56) is the same as the area under the
normal curve between z values -0.75 and 1.56. To get the area,
subtract the area of z = -0.75 from the area of z = 1.56. Thus, P(-0.75 ¿
Z ¿ 1.56) = P(Z ¿1.56) – P(Z ¿ -0.75) = 0.9406 – 0.2266 = 0.7140.

(e) The probability P(Z ¿ -0.88) is the same as the area under the normal
curve at the right of z = -0.88. To get the area, subtract the area of z = -
0.88 from 1. Thus, P(Z ¿ -0.88) = 1 – P(Z ¿ -0.88) = 1 – 0.1894 =
0.8106.

Knox Internationale Technological Institute – MODULE 1 - 4 – Ms. Chrizel DC. Cruz

21
STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY

Example 2.
Let X be a normal random variable with mean μ = 15 and standard
deviation σ = 3. Find the following probabilities.
(a) P(X ¿ 19)
(b) P(10 ¿ X ¿ 19)

Solutions:
(a) To find the probability, convert the normal random variable 19 to a z-
x−μ 19−15 4
score. Thus, P(X ¿ 19) = P(Z ¿ ) = P(Z ¿ ) = P(Z ¿ ) = P(Z ¿
σ 3 3
1.33). From the table, the probability at the left of z = 1.33 is equal to
0.9082 or 90.82%.

(a) To find the probability, convert the normal random variables 10 and 19
10−15 19−15
to z values. Thus, P(10 ¿ X ¿ 19) = P( ¿ Z< ¿ ) = P(-1.67 ¿ Z
3 3
¿ 1.33) = P(Z ¿ 1.33) – P(Z ¿ -1.67). From the table, we have 0.9082 –
0.0475 = 0.8607.

These probabilities can also be applied in real-life problems.

Example 3.
The mean number of hours a Filipino worker spends on the computer is 3.1 hours per
workday. Suppose the spending time is normally distributed with standard deviation of 0.5 hour,
find the percentage of workers who spend less than 3.5 hours on the computer assuming that
the variable is normally distributed.

Solutions:
The percentage of workers who spend less than 3.5 hours is the same as the area under
the normal curve at the left of normal random variable 3.5 hours. Convert 3.5 to a z value. That
3.5−3.1
is, z = = 0.8. From the table, area at the left of z = 0.8 is 0.7881. Thus, the percentage
0.5
of workers who spend less than 3.5 hours is 78.81%.

Knox Internationale Technological Institute – MODULE 1 - 4 – Ms. Chrizel DC. Cruz

22
STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY

Example 4.
Each month, a Filipino household generates an average of 28 pounds of newspaper for
garbage or recycling. Assume that the distribution is normal with standard deviation of 2
pounds. If a household is selected at random, find the probability of its generating
a. Between 27 and 31 pounds per month.
b. More than 30.2 pounds per month.
Solutions:
(a) The probability of generating between 27 and 31 pounds is P(27 ¿ X < ¿ 31). This is
27−28 31−28
equal to P( ¿Z¿ ) = P(-0.5 ¿ Z ¿ 1.50) = P(Z ¿ 1.50) – P(Z ¿ -0.5) =
2 2
0.9332 – 0.3085 = 0.6247. Thus, the probability of generating between 27 and 31
pounds of newspaper per month is 0.6247 or 62.47%.

Knox Internationale Technological Institute – MODULE 1 - 4 – Ms. Chrizel DC. Cruz

23
STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY

(b) The probability of generating more than 30.2 pounds per month is
equivalent to P(X ¿ 30.2) which is equal to 1 – P(X ¿ 30.2) since it is
30.2−28
right tailed. 1 – P(X ¿ 30.2) = 1 – P(Z ¿ ) = 1 – P(Z ¿ 1.10) = 1 –
2
0.8643 = 0.1357. Thus, the probability of generating more than 30.2
pounds of newspaper per month is 0.1357 or 13.57%.

Knox Internationale Technological Institute – MODULE 1 - 4 – Ms. Chrizel DC. Cruz

24
STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY

Example 5.
The Candelaria Automobile Association reports that the average time it takes to respond
to an emergency call is 35 minutes. Assume the variable is approximately normal and the
standard deviation is 5.5 minutes. If 200 calls are randomly selected, approximately how many
will be responded to in less than 25 minutes?

Solutions:
Here, the number of calls to be responded to in less than 25 minutes is equal to the
percentage of 200 calls to be responded in less than 25 minutes. First, find P(X ¿ 25). P(X ¿ 25)
25−35
= P(Z ¿ ) = P(Z ¿ -1.82). From the table, this is equal to 0.0344. Thus, there will be
5.5
(0.0344)(200) = 6.88 or approximately 7 calls will be responded to in less than 25 minutes.

Example 6.
To help students improve their reading, Candelaria East district decides to implement a
reading program. It is to be administered to the bottom 5% of the students in the district, based
on the scores on a reading achievement test which are normally distributed. If the average
score for the students in the district is 122.6 and the standard deviation is 18, find the cut off
score that will make a student eligible for the program.

Solutions:

Knox Internationale Technological Institute – MODULE 1 - 4 – Ms. Chrizel DC. Cruz

25
STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY

The problem is asking for a normal random variable that corresponds to a z value and
occupying an area of 5% or 0.05 from the left under the normal curve. To find this normal
random variable which is the cut off score that will make a student eligible for the reading
program, look for the z value on the table corresponding to an area of 0.05 and that is equal to -
1.645. Then convert this z value to a normal random variable x, that is, x = zσ + μ = (-1.645)(18)
+ 122.6 = -29.61 + 122.6 = 92.99. Therefore, a student will be eligible in the reading program if
he scored 92.99 and below.

Example 7.
To pass in the accreditation and equivalency (A&E) test , ALS students must score in the
top 15% on general abilities test. The test has a mean of 200 and a standard deviation of 20.
Find the lowest possible score to pass the test assuming the test scores are normally
distributed.

Solutions:
The lowest possible score is the normal random variable corresponding to a z value
occupying an area of 0.15 from the right of the normal curve. To solve for the required variable,
find P(Z ¿ z) = 0.15
P(Z ¿ z) = 0.15
1 – P(Z ¿ z) = 0.15
P(Z ¿ z) = 1 – 0.15 since it is right tailed
= 0.85 from the table, look for the z value corresponding to this area.
Thus, z = 1.03 then convert this to a normal random variable x

Knox Internationale Technological Institute – MODULE 1 - 4 – Ms. Chrizel DC. Cruz

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STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY

x = zσ + μ = (1.03)(20) + 200 = 220.6

Therefore, the lowest possible score to pass the test is 220.6.

Knox Internationale Technological

Institute
Looban St., Manatal, Pandi, Bulacan
School ID No.: 407175
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

SUBJECT: STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY

Knox Internationale Technological Institute – MODULE 1 - 4 – Ms. Chrizel DC. Cruz

27
STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY

Name:_____________________________________________________________
Grade Level:_____________ Section:_________________
LRN:_________________________________________________

QUIZ 8(10pts each)

Read and analyze each of the following statements carefully. Then shade
the circle that corresponds to the letter of the correct answer.

1. Which of the following notations indicate the probability of a z

value from the left?
A B C D
A. P(Z > z) B. P(Z < z) C. P(X < x) D. P(X > x)

A B C D
2. What is the probability of z value indicated by P(Z < -1.78)?
A B C D A. 0.0375 B. 0.9625 C. 0.9633 D. 0.3075

3. The ages of ALS students enrolled at Sta. Catalina National High

A B C D School are normally distributed with a mean of 19 years and
standard deviation of 3.5 years. If a student is selected at
random, what is the probability that his age is under 22 years?
A. 19.49% B. 80.51% C. 11.67% D. 90.57%

4. The weekly sales of ABM students on their “Go Negosyo” project

A B C D are normally distributed with mean of P3,200 and standard

deviation of P500. What percent of their weekly sales are over
P4,000?
A. 94.52% B. 77.34% C. 5.48% D. 22.57%

5. To lessen the number of non-numerates in Sta. Catalina National

A B C D High School, the Math department implemented Project MEAN
(Masterful Elimination of All Non-numerates). A student is
required to undergo with the program if he/she scored below 20
in the numeracy test. If the scores of the students in the
numeracy test are normally distributed with a mean of 30.50 and
standard deviation of 9.5, what percentage of the students
needed to undergo with the program?

Knox Internationale Technological Institute – MODULE 1 - 4 – Ms. Chrizel DC. Cruz

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STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY

A. 13.35% B. 86.65% C. 11.27% D. 14.45%

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