Controlofgeneexpression 180801122812
Controlofgeneexpression 180801122812
Controlofgeneexpression 180801122812
Presented by :
Gurleen Kaur
Roll no. = 60235
M.Sc. Biotechnology
Gene expression is the process by which information from
gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene products .
General Principle of gene regulation
One of the major themes of molecular genetics is the central
dogma
Which stated that genetic information flows from DNA to RNA
to proteins and provided a molecular basis for the connection
between genotype and phenotype. Although the central dogma
brought coherence to early research in molecular genetics, it
failed to address a critical issue:
CONSEPTS
Gene regulation is key to both unicellular flexibility and
multicellular
specialization and it is critical to success of all living
organisms.
In bacteria
Gene regulation maintains internal flexibility , turning genes ON
and OFF in response to environmental changes.
In multicellular eukaryotes
Gene regulation brings about cellular differentiation .
First Regulation ;
First regulation arises through the alteration of structure of gene.
Second point ;
At level of transcription gene can be regulated.
For sake of cellular economy it makes sence to limit protein
production early in the transfer of information from DNA to
protein.
Third point;
mRNA processing is third point of gene regulation. Eukaryotic
messenger RNA is extensively modified before its translation.
A 5’ cap is added.
3’ end is cleaved and polyadenylation .
Introns are removed.
Fourth point;
Regulation of RNA stability for the control of gene expression.
At level of translation.
*In bacterial cells the genes that have related function are
clustered
and under control of single promoter . These genes are often
transcribed in single mRNA.
•It directly control the synthesis of the m RNA over the structural
genes.
Promoter gene
•Act as initiation signal for RNA polymerase.
CAP readily binds c AMP, and the CAP-c AMP complex bind
DNA, increasing the efficiency of polymerase binding.