Problem Based Learning

GIS Applications and Analysis

Instructor:
Ma’am Iqra Hussain

Submitted by:
Tooba Iftikhar (2020-CRP-17)
Table of Content Data Base Creation
1. Open a blank ArcMap document.
Table of Content ............................................... 1
Data Base Creation ....................................... 1
Problem 1 ......................................................... 3
Procedure ..................................................... 3
Story ............................................................. 7
Map for Reservoir ......................................... 7
Map for Route............................................... 8
Problem 2 ......................................................... 8 2. Go to the connected folder of PBL in
Procedure ..................................................... 8 catalog and right click on it. Go to new and
Final Metro line Map .................................. 14 select FILE GEODATABASE.
Problem 3 ....................................................... 14
Procedure ................................................... 14
Part A: Problem Analysis ......................... 14
Part B: Male and Female Populace ......... 15
Part C: Population Density ...................... 17
Part D: Symbology ................................... 19
Population Density Map.......................... 21
Part E: Five Stories .................................. 21
FINAL MAPS ...................................................... 0
PROBLEM 1 ................................................... 0
PROBLEM 2 ................................................... 2
PROBLEM 3 ................................................... 3

3. New database will be created as follow.

Rename it to ‘PBL Assignment_12AND17’

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 6. Again, in catalog, create three new folders
named as Problem 1, Problem 2 and
Problem 3 as follow.

4. New database will appear as follow.

7. New folders will be created as follow and

you can work on three problems
separately.

5. Make it the default database by right

clicking on it.

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Problem 1
You are provided with the data. Being a GIS
analyst, you are requested to make a layout map
which includes these layers:
(A) Geothermal Reservoirs of Pakistan using the
given map
(B) A route from the geothermal sites of Salt
Range to Koh-i-Sultan using GIS based analysis
Note: Assume a scenario and make a short story
for the map you created. 4. After the image is sufficiently displaced to
its original location, update your
Procedure georeferencing.

1. Open the new ArcMap document and

connect it to folder named Problem 1. Add
the shape files of Pak Adm 3 and Roads
along with the geothermal reservoir map
of Pakistan.

5. Go to Arc catalog and create a new shape

file.
2. After the map is added, georeference it
using the scale and shift tools.

3. Then start adding the necessary control

points.

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6. Update the coordinate system of this
newly created polygon shape file.

10. Start to add the classes by selecting

each polygon and identifying it on the map.
7. Start to trace the polygons using free hand
lines.

11. Attribute table will appear as follow.

8. After all the polygons are traced, stop your

editing, and save it.

12. Now go to the attribute table of PAK

ADM 3 file and open the dialogue box
9. Open the attribute table of this reservoir
select by attribute. There, apply the
shape file and create a new field of
following query to select whole Pakistan
classification.
map.

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 15. Now go to the symbology of
Reservoir file and categories it based on its
classification.

13. After selection go to dissolve in the

geoprocessing Tools.

16. Your new map will appear like this.

17. Turn the labels on as well.

14. Following dialogue box will appear.
Add the input file and select the NAME_0
field. Proceed with OK.

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 20. Go to PAK ROADS in catalog and right
click on it. Click on the NEW NETWORK
DATABASE.

18. Now go to toolbars and find

NETWORK ANALYSIS.

21. Following dialogue box will appear.

19. Before proceeding, make sure all the

extensions are enabled.
22. Continue to click NEXT. Mark no in
the following option and again proceed
with OK.

23. After all this, new contents will be

added in TOC and Catalog. Now go to
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 ‘NETWORK LOCATION TOOL’ in NETWORK
ANALYSIS TOOLBAR.

24. Place one point in salt range and

place the second point in Koh e Sultan at
any of its junction. After placing two marks, 27. Add all the necessary chart elements
click SOLVE in the NETWORK ANALYSIS and export your map.
TOOLBAR.

25. A path will be created as follow. Story

We are required to do a field survey in the far
end of Balochistan near Koh e Sultan. We are
currently in the Punjab region near the Salt
Range. A shortest route is required to travel
between two points. GIS Network Analysis was
used for this purpose to know our exact path.

Map for Reservoir

26. Made the layout plan of the reservoir

and the route.

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 Problem 2
The Lahore metro bus was designed to be
opened in stages and stretching from the
Shahdara to Gajjumatta covering 27 km area.
Your output layer should include the end points
of the route as well with station names
(Shahdara and Gajjumatta). After the design and
survey of the area it is concluded that road has
to be widen.
The actual width of the road is 45 ft and must be
increased 13 ft from both sides. The jangla bus
will occupy a track of 10ft in the center. The road
shoulders will be 3 ft on both sides. Side area is
to be demolished for the construction. Highlight
the bus track, the new road and targeted
demolish area (shown by red color) using
suitable tools of GIS.

Procedure
1. Connect to the Problem 2 folder.
Map for Route

2. Go to the google earth as we have to trace

the metro line.

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 6. Save the following path as KML file in your
Problem 2 folder.

3. Find Lahore there where you can find the

labels of Shahdara and Gajjumatta.
7. Now go to Arc Toolbox and go to
conversion tools. There you will find the
option of FROM KML. Double click on KML
TO LAYER.

4. Go to the terminal station and start to trace

the route by using the path tool.

8. Following dialogue box will appear.

5. After the whole route is traced, save the

file with the name of ‘metro path’.

9. Select the KML file as input that you have

saved previously.

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 13. Georeference your image by adding
10. After choosing the input File, proceed control points. Input the X AND Y values for
with OK. each point and update your
georeferencing.

14. Or we can add the base map from

11. Line file will be converted as follow. GIS.

12. Now add the base map from google

15. Now go to the attribute table of Pak
earth image and import it in your
ADM 3 and go to select by attribute.
document.

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16. Apply the following query to select
the lahore district.

18. Following dialogue box will appear.

Choose the given input file and select the
necessary fields.

19. Dissolved file will appear as follow.

17. Go to geoprocessing tools and find

DISSOLVE.

20. Make the district hollow to have the

following view.

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 21. Select the metro line polyline and insert the
buffer values of 10, 45 and 71. Change the units
to feet. Proceed with OK.

21. Go to Arc Toolbox and find the

multiple ring buffer in the PROXIMITY of
ANLALYSIS TOOLS.

23. Buffer will be applied as follow.

24. Now create a new shape file.

22. Following dialogue box will appear.

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25. Select the coordinate system for the 28. Add a new field as follow and add the
point shape file and name it as Stations. name for both stations.

29. Turn the labels on for stations.

26. Start editing to mark the terminal

stations.

30. Prepare the locator map and add all

necessary components.

27. Open the attribute table after you

have placed the two points at the ends of
polyline.

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Final Metro line Map Problem 3
You have already created Population map layer
earlier during GIS Lab sessions.
(A) Refer to the map attached as an example and
analyze the problem.
(B) Add two new fields and enter the male and
female population for each division separately.
(C) Calculate the area of each division using built
in GIS Calculator in a new field. Then add another
field and calculate population density (no of
people per sq. kilometers)
(D) Symbolize your map based on Population
Density
(E) Brainstorm 5 different stories, for each story
write a SQL query and run it. Each query must be
different from one another. Screenshot and
attach the query statement and results in the
report.

Procedure
Part A: Problem Analysis
Population density map is provided by our lab
instructor, and we must analyze the problem.

This map is showing the five divisions that got

the lowest population density, another five
divisions that have the highest population
density and it is showing the average population
density for each province separately. Following

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such map should be developed by us using GIS
analysis and queries.

Part B: Male and Female Populace

1. Open the new ArcMap document and
import the Pak Adm 3 shape file placed in
that folder earlier. Right click on the shape
file in TOC and find the attribute table
there.

4. Name the new field as ‘Male’ and select the

type ‘Double’. Proceed with Ok. Again,
create a second field named ‘Female’. New
fields will be added in the attribute table.

2. Attribute table will be opened as follow

where you can find the divisions of
Pakistan in Name_2.

5. Next step is to enter the male and female

population for each division. Now go to the
menu and find the option of ‘Select by
Attribute’.

3. Now go find the option of ‘Add Field’ from

the above menu.

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6. A new dialogue box will appear. Apply the
query to select Azad Kashmir Division.
Query is given in the following image

9. Following dialogue box will appear.

7. Chosen division will be selected as follow.

10. Now go to the web browser and find

the website of PAKISTAN BUREAU OF
8. Now go to the Male field and right click on STATISTICS. Go to the population census
it. Find the ‘Field Calculator’ there. Click on and find Tables and Reports.
it.

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 11. Province and division tables will
appear. All data will be provided. We will
choose the male and female population
and then paste it in GIS. While putting the
data in field calculator, we must insert
strings around the value. It will take some
time.

14. This dialogue box will appear. Select

PAK ADM 3 for input feature. Select
Name_2, male, population, and female as
dissolve fields. Proceed with OK.

12. Population will be added. Repeat the

same procedure and add the population of
female for each division. Again, select next
division and insert the male and female
population for that too. Do the same for all
divisions and your attribute table will look
like this.

15. A new dissolved file containing

division will appear as follow. Name it PAK
DIVISIONS in TOC.

Part C: Population Density

13. Go to the geoprocessing tools and
find DISSOLVE there. Click on it.

16. Its attribute table will appear as

follow and it will contain the following

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 fields. There will be two fields containing
shape length and shape area.

19. Go to the coordinate systems and

change it to Projected Coordinate System>
UTM > WGS 1984 > Northern Hemisphere
17. Create a new field and name it as >Find 43 North. Proceed with OK.
Division Area. Go to CALCULATE
GEOMETRY and choose Area. It is disabled.
We need to change the coordinate system
in this case and issue will be resolved.

18. In this case go to Layers in Table of

Contents. Right click on it and go to
properties.

20. Again, go to the field of Division Area

and go to calculate geometry. Area option
will be enabled now and change the units
to Kilometers. Proceed with OK.

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 23. Now go to the filed calculator of this
newly created field and add the following
query in the option.
Population Density = Population / Division Area
Proceed with OK. All the values for population
density will be added in the attribute table.

21. Area for each division will be

calculated as follow.

22. Now again go to the ADD FIELD

option and create a new field of Population
Density. Change the type to Double and
click OK. Part D: Symbology
24. Now, we will assign symbology to
each division based on population density.
So, go to the properties of Pak Divisions.

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 27. Also turn on the labels for division
name and adjust there size according to
your map.

25. Go to QUANTITIES and then find

GRADUATED COLORS. Choose ‘Population
Density’ in values option. Set the class
value of 10 and choose specific color range.
Proceed with OK.

28. Your map will appear as follow.

26. Your map will appear as follow and

classes will appear in the table of content. 29. Change the colors and prepare the
layout map.

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 261.16 per kilometer squares in 2017 as
shown in image below.

Population Density Map

2. Create a new field named as classification

and apply the following query.

Part E: Five Stories

• Story 1
“Find those divisions for which the population
density is less than the population density of 3. Fields will be highlighted which have the
Pakistan and those provinces for which the value population density more than 261.16.
of population density is higher.”
1. Now for the purpose of application of
Query we will find the population density
of Pakistan from any open source. It was

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 6. Again, apply the following query after
inserting the values for more than 216.16.
Again, go to field calculator and insert the
value of less than 216.16.

4. Now go to the field calculator of

Classification field.

5. Write less than 216.16 in strings and 7. Attribute table will appear as follow.
proceed with OK.

8. Now go to symbology and classify Pakistan

map based on these two values.

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9. Final map will appear as follow, after • Conclusion 1:
inserting all the layout elements. Most of the population is concentrated in Punjab
10. By using the Query builder we can and NWFP provinces. There is more population
prepare separate layers for each category density along the rivers as it will provide for
as follow. more agricultural land and food.
Population density is lowest in the dry provinces
of Balochistan and Sindh. There and mostly
deserts and less availability of water. So there
will be lesser people living there.

• Map for Story 1

And the map appeared as follow.

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 • Story 2
“Classify divisions of Pakistan based on the size
of each division as the classes will be specified by
your supervisor.”
1. Make a new field with the name of Area
classification and go to selection by query.
2. Apply the following query to select the
divisions who got the area less than 5000-
kilometer square.

5. Do the same for rest of the divisions with

the interval of 15,000 up to 50,000.
6. Attribute table will appear as follow.

3. Relevant fields will be selected in the

attribute table and use the field calculator 7. Apply symbology based on the area
to insert the value of ‘Less than 5000’ in the classification field.
cells.
4. Again, apply the query to find the divisions
that got the area between 5000 km square
and 20,000 km square. For that we will use
the AND OPERATOR as follow.

8. Create a layout map for this area division.

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 • Conclusion 2:
Our division map will be classified based on the
following specific intervals as demanded.
▪ Less than 5000
▪ 5000 to 20,000
▪ 20,000 to 35,000
▪ 35,000 to 50,000
▪ Greater than 50,000
9. Now go to symbology and go to quantities.
Classify area of division in 10 classes and Further classify the divisions using symbology
click with OK. and prepare the second map for that.

Using query builder, we can do it separately as • Map for Story 2:

follow.

Results will be given as follow for area

classification.

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 • Second Map for Story 2:

2. In the field calculator of this new field, go

to field calculator and find out the
difference between the two.

• Story 3:
“Prepare the map of Pakistan showing the
divisions where males are more than females.
Also prepare the map for male and female
distribution across each division. Map must show
the relation between two sexes.”
1. Create a new field naming Difference in
MALE AND FEMALE.

3. It will appear in the attribute table as

follow. Some values are negative.

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4. Apply the NOT operation to select the 7. Your map will appear as follow.
negative values from the difference fields.
Negative values show the provinces where
males are less than females. We have to
find the opposite.

8. Prepare the layout map and export it in

jpeg format.
9. Now again go to division layer and open its
properties. Go to symbology and find
CHARTS. Change the size of the symbol.
5. Now go to the geoprocessing tools and find
dissolve. Choose the required fields and
proceed with OK.

10. Change colors for the pir chart.

6. New file will be created showing the
divisions where number of males is greater
than that of females. Go to the symbology
and create classes to highlight the
difference.
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11. Create a layout map for this
distribution.
• Conclusion 3:
First map is showing the divisions where males
are more than females where second map is
giving an estimate between the difference of
two values with the help of pie charts.

• Map for Story 3:

12. By using query builder, we can find

this out as follow.

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 • Map 2 for Story 3:

2. Top five cities will be highlighted as follow.

• Story 4:
“Find out five divisions that have the largest
population.”
1. Go to the attribute table of divisions and
apply the following query.

3. You can dissolve then to prepare a

separate map and then apply symbology.

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 • Conclusion 4:
Map showing the divisions largest in
population is given as follow.

• Map for Story 4:

Or by the use of query builder, we can do the

same thing as follow.

• Story 5:
“You are required to prepare a map for the 5
divisions smallest in population.”
1. Apply the following query in the attribute
table of division file.

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 4. Apply the symbology as follow and export
the map.

By the use of query builder, we can do the

same thing as follow.

2. Divisions will be selected as follow

highlighting the areas of smallest
population.

3. Dissolve the selected divisions and it will

appear as follow.

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• Conclusion 5: • Map of Story 5:
Map showing the divisions smallest in
population will be displayed as follow.

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FINAL MAPS
PROBLEM 1
1
PROBLEM 2

2
PROBLEM 3

3
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