CHAPTER 7

TEST AND MEASUREMENT IN SPORTS

A. SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS(1 MARK EACH)

Q1. What do you mean by a test?

Answer: A Test is a tool which is used to evaluate the quality,performance and

reliability of the task completed by a person.

Q2. What do you mean by Measurement?

Answer: Measurement is about collection of data and information about certain

skills or levels of fitness of an individual by using tests and relevant techniques.

Q3. Define Test.

Answer: A test is a tool which is used to evaluate the skill,knowledge,capacities

or aptitudes of an individual or a group.

Q4. Define Measurement.

Answer: Measurement is the process of administrating a test to obtain a quan-

titative data.

Q5. Write the formula to calculate the B.M.I.

Weight in kg
Answer: B.M.I. =
Height in m2

Q6. What do you mean by somato types?

Answer: Somato types basically means body types which is further classified
into three types i.e. Endomorph ,Mesomorph and Ectomorph.

Q7. What do you mean by waist hip ratio?

Answer: Measurement of waist circumference divided by hip circumference is

called waist hip ratio.

Q8. Write the formula to calculate the waist hip ratio.

Waist Circumference
Answer: waist circumference =
Hip Circumference

Q.9. State the uses of Anthropometric measurements.

Answer: Anthropometric Measurements of height, weight,arm and leg length,

waist circumference and skin fold etc. are significant indicators of health which
enable us to know the physical growth and development and health problems of
an individual.
 CHAPTER 7

TEST AND MEASUREMENT IN SPORTS

QUESTIONS CARRYING 3 MARKS EACH [60 WORDS]

Q1. Explain the procedure of measuring somatotypes in brief.

Answer: Somatotypes means human body shape, and physique types.somato-

types helps the physical education and sports teachers to classify the studentsfor
particular sports and games on the basis of physical,mental ,and practical
aspects.

The procedure of measuring somatotypes is based on the classification by

W.H.SHELDON-

1. Endomorphy-

Such individuals have short arms and legs and rounded physique.The
upper parts of arms and legs are significantly thicker than the lower
parts.Their excessive mass hinders their ability to compete in sports.

2. Mesomorphy-

Such individuals have balanced body compositions and athletic

physique.they are able to increase their muscle size quickly and easily
and have rectangular shaped body.Their chest and shoulders are broader
in comparision to their waist line.

3. Ectomorphy-

These individuals are generally slim because their muscles and limbs are
elongated.As they have weak constitution of body and usually face
difficulties in gaining weight.Their light body constitution makes them
suited for aerobic activities like gymnastics.

Q2. Discuss the procedure of measurement of arm length and upper arm
length.

Answer: Procedure of measurement of arm length -

The subject must stand with his arms hanging by the side of his body with his
fingers outstretched.a measurement is made from the acromial i.e. the bony tip
of the shoulder to the tip of the little finger.
Procedure of measurement of upper arm length -

The subject must stand upright with body weight distributed equally on both the
feet.The right arm should bebe bent at 90 degree from the elbow with palm
facing upwards.A measurement is made from acromial to the bony part of the
mid elbow.Measurement must be taken to the nearest 0.1 cm. and recorded.

Q3. Elaborate the procedure of measurement of leg length and upper leg
length.

Answer: Leg length -

The leg length of a child or adult is measured with a flexible tape from the bottom
to the upper edge of greater trochanter.

Upper leg length-

The subject is made to sit on a box with one of the knee bent at 90 degree angle
with his back upstraight.measure the upper leg length from the inguinal crease
to proximal borderof patella.Record the measurement to the nearest 0.1cm.

Q4. Calculate the BMI of a male person whose weight is 80 kg and height
is 1.6 m. Also state the category in which he falls.

Weight in kg
Answer: BMI =
Height in m2

80 80 × 100
BMI = =
1.6 × 1.6 16 × 16

BMI = 31.25 kg/m

The above person falls in class - I category.

Q5. What do you mean by BMI? Write down the scale of BMI.

Answer: BMI is a statistical measurement that let us know whether the person
is under weight, normal weight or over weight.
BMI is categorized as below -

Category BMI

Underweight < 18.5

Normal weight 18.5 - 24.9

Overweight 25.0 - 29.9

Obesity class I 30.0 - 34.9

Obesity class II 35.0 - 39.9

Obesity class III > 40.0

Q6. Explain in brief the procedure of Anthropometric measurement of

weight?

Answer: The scale should be placed on hard floor surface so that the beam gets
into balanced position.

Procedure for weight measurement -

1. The subject must wear light clothes.

2. He should stand in the centre of the platform of the weighing machine

with his body weight equally distributed on both the feet.

3. Read the measurement in front of the needle and record it to the nearest
0.1kg.

Q7. Explain in brief the procedure of Anthropometric measurement of height?

Answer: The child or adult should remove socks , shoes , jackets or any other
heavy clothing.The floor surface should be plane and hard.The height should be
measured using a stadiometer.

Procedure for height measurement -

1. The subject should stand with his feet flat and together on the floor.Arms
should be by the sides and knees and back should be straight. The back
of head, buttocks, calves, heels and shoulder blades should touch the
measuring surface.
2. After that the horizontal sliding part of the stadiometeris lowered gently
so that hairs get pressed flat and subject should be asked to stand still.

3. Height of the subject should be read to the nearest half in centimeter and
recorded.
 CHAPTER 7

TEST AND MEASUREMENT IN SPORTS

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

(5 MARKS EACH) [150 WORDS]

Q1. Explain in detail the importance of Test and Measurement in the field
of sports.

Answer: In a physical education and sports programme it is important to select

a target.lf a person desires to improve himself in different aspects of fitness he
will have to undergo fitness programmes. Test and Measurement in physical
education are the devices that are needed to collect the details regarding the
needs, abilities and attitudes of a sports person.

A test is basically a situational presentation where specific responses are col-

lected from the subject. These responses are measured both qualitatively and
quantitatively. Measurement is about collection of data of performance or task
completed by a sports person by using test and scientific techniques.

Test and Measurement is an important feature in the field of physical education

and sports.

The following points indicate the importance of Test and Measurement in the field
of sports-

1. To frame the objectives -

Test and Measurement helps in setting the target or goal according to the
need and requirement.By adopting the Test and Measurement techniques
the physical education teachers gets an accurate idea about the progress
made by the students.

2. To evaluate the learners :-

In the field of physical education and sports Test and Measurement helps
in collection of data which further helps in evaluating the learners ability
 separately.lt also helps the sports person in enhancing his sports
performance.

3. To evaluate teaching programme -

Test and Measurement is a scientific tool which helps the teacher to

adopt correct methodology upon the sportsman so that desired results
may be achieved.

4. To know capacities and capabilities -

Through Test and Measurement the teachers get aware of the ability and
capacities of the students which provides a platform in preparation of
fitness programme.

5. To discover the needs and requirements of the participants -

Needs of the participants are correctly assessed by the scientific approach

of Test and Measurement.lt helps in knowing where more emphasis is
needed so that target may be achieved.

Q2. Explain the procedure for fixing marks for skinfold measurements.

Answer: The marking of skinfold measurements should be proper for taking

accurate anthropometric measurements.So.for proper marking of skinfold mea-
surements the following procedures should be taken into consideration.

1. Triceps skinfold =

The child or adult must stand upstraight with arms relaxed.With the help
of a measuring tape mark a point with a pen at the centre of triceps.This
is the point or mark from where the skinfold measurement should be
done with the help of a skinfold caliper.

2. Sub scapula skinfold-

Find out the exact location of scapula.The skin fold area is just below the
inferior angle of scapula.Skin fold measurement should be done with the
help of skin fold calipers.
 3. Suprailiac skinfold -

The intersection of a line joining the spinal and front part of armpit and
horizontal line at the level of iliac crest can be marked for skinfold
measurement.

4. Abdomen skinfold -

The abdomen muscles of the subject must be relaxed.He may be asked

to hold the breath if any movement interferes the process of measurement.

A point should be marked 3 cm to the rightand 1 cm below the midpoint

of umbilicus.

5. Thigh skinfold —

The child or adult whose measurement is to be taken must sit on a chair

with his back completely straight.Now mark a point exactly between the
knee cap and the inguinal crease on the thigh for skinfold measurement.

Q3. Explain the procedure of skinfold measurements in detail.

Answer: Skinfold measurements are also called as “fatfold thickness”.These

measurements provide the information or data of the thickness of double folds
of the skin and sub cutaneous adipose tissue at specific sites of the body.ln
simple words skinfold provides the information about general fatness of the body.

The procedure of skinfold measurements is as under-

1. Triceps Skinfold -

The arm of the subject or child should be hung loosely.Stand behind the
subject and pull the vertical skinfold about 1/2 inch from the spot already
marked.Keep the skinfold caliper perpendicular to the length of the fold
centering the mark.Record the measurement to the nearest millimeter.

2. Sub scapula skinfold-

After locating the marked point on the sub scapular region , pull a skin
fold for about 34 inch above and keep the skin fold caliper perpendicular
to the length of skinfold.Release the caliper and note the measurement
to the nearest millimeter.
3. Suprailiac skinfold-

The subject should stand straight with his feet together and arms
relaxed.Pull a skinfold 34 inch above the marked point with the thumb
and index finger.The skinfold caliper should be kept perpendicular to the
length of skin fold.Release the caliper and note the reading on the dial
to the nearest of millimeter and record it.

4. Abdomen skinfold -

After locating the already marked point, pull a horizontal skinfold to about
34 inch. Place the skinfold caliper perpendicular to the length of
skinfold.Release the caliper and note the readingto the nearest of millimeter
and record it.

5. Thigh skinfold —

The person is made to stand with his weight on the left leg and right leg
forward with knee slightly bent.Grip a skinfold on the already marked
area on the mid thigh.Place the skinfold caliper and note the reading to
the nearest of millimeter and record it.