Semi-Detailed School Dawo Integrated School Grade Level 10

Lesson Plan Teacher Kimberly Ann Q. Bongoyan Learning Area Science

Date and Time February 23, 2023 (8:30-9:30 AM) Quarter Third
MELC Explain how protein is made using information from DNA. (S10LT-IIId-37)

I. Objectives
 Define RNA;
 Differentiate DNA and RNA; and
 Explain the process of transcription of DNA to RNA.

II. Subject Matter

A. Topic: Transcription of DNA to RNA
B. References: Science 10, SLM 4- Central Dogma of Biology: Protein Synthesis, pp., 9-15
C. Materials: Laptop, PowerPoint Presentation, Pictures
D. Time Allotment: 60

III. Procedure

A. Daily Routine (3 minutes)

 Prayer
- Class, please stand. Let us pray. (Interfaith Prayer)
 Greetings
- Good morning everyone! Please be seated.
 Checking of Attendance
 - Is anyone absent today?
 Review
- What is RNA?
- What are the major steps of DNA replication?
- Explain the process of DNA replication.

B. Motivation (10 minutes)

Directions: Complete the table below by writing the correct words/description about RNA or DNA. Choose the words from the box
below.
 Double stranded helix
 Single stranded
 Sugar deoxyribose, phosphate and nucleotide basis
 Sugar ribose, phosphate and nucleotide basis
 A, T, C, G
 A, U, C, G
 Stores genetic materials
 Functions in protein synthesis transcribing and translating the genetic code

Comparison DNA RNA

Structure
Components
Function

Guide Question:

1. How did you find the activity?

2. What do you think is the lesson for today?
C. Presentation of the Lesson
Our lesson for today is about the Transcription of DNA to RNA. At the end of the lesson, each one of you should be able to:

 Define RNA;
 Differentiate DNA and RNA; and
 Explain the process of transcription of DNA to RNA.

D. Development of the Lesson (30 minutes)

RNA (Ribonucleic Acid(, unlike the double standard DNA, is a nucleic acid polymer with a single strand. It is composed of the four
nucleotides adenine, uracil (replaced thymine in DNA), guanine and cytosine which are represented by their first letter A, U, G,
C. (The only difference with DNA is the Uracil). RNA is the first intermediate in converting the information from the DNA into
proteins which is important for proper cellular function. Below is a short summary of the difference between DNA and RNA.

DNA RNA
Contains the sugar deoxyribose Contains the sugar ribose (ribose has one more – OH group than
deoxyribose)
Double-stranded molecule Single-stranded molecule
Stable under alkaline conditions Not stable under alkaline conditions
Storing and transferring genetic information Acts as a messenger between DNA and ribosomes to make proteins.
Uses the bases adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine Uses adenine, uracil, cytosine, and guanine
RNA falls into three major categories: Messenger RNA (mRNA), Transfer RNA (tRNA) and Ribosomal RNA (rRNA). mRNA copies the
genetic code from the DNA into form that can be read and used to make proteins. mRNA transmits genetic information ffrom the
nucleus to the cell’s cytoplasm. rRNA is situated in the cytoplasm of a cell,where we can find the ribosomes. rRNA leadas the
translation of mRNA into proteins. tRNA transfersFigure
amino1.acids
Structure
to theofribosome
DNA and that
RNA matches to each three-nucleotide codon of rRNA.
The amino acids then can be combined together and processes to make polypeptides and proteins.

Trnscription in protein synthesis is the process where RNA is made from the DNA by copying the base sequence of the double
stranded DNA into a piece of a single stranded nucleic acid. This transcription process is catalyzed by the enzyme RNA Polymerase.

Transcription of DNA to form RNA takes place in the cell’s nucleus. This process uses DNA as a model to make an RNA (mRNA)
molecule. During transcription, a strand of mRNA is made that corresponds to a strnad of DNA. Just like DNA replication,
transcription also occurs in three major steps: initiation, elongation, and termination.
Step 1: Initiation
- Initiation is the start of transcription.
Figure 2.ItTranscription
transpires when the in
Process enzyme RNA Polymerase
Eukaryotic Cells binds to a specific region of a gene
which is called the promoter with the help of proteins called ‘transcription factors’. This signals the DNA double strand to
unwind and open so the RNA Polymerase enzyme can “read” the bases found in one of the DNA strands. With the open
strands one is considered as the template strand (anti-sense strand) and this will be used to generate the mRNA. The other
is called the non-template strand (sense strand). After reading the bases, the RNA Polymerase enzyme is now ready to make
a strand of mRNA with a complementary sequence of bases.

Step 2: Elongation
- Elongation is the adding of nucleotides to the mRNA strand. RNA Polymerase reads the opened DNA strand and forms the
mRNA molecule with the use of complementary base pairs. There is a short time during this process when the newly formed
RNA is bound to the opened DNA. During this process of elongation, an adenine (A) in the DNA binds to an uracil (U) in the
RNA. RNA polymerase does not need a primer during this process. It simply initiates the mRNA synthesis from the starting
point and then moves downstream reading the anti-sense strand from 3’ to 5’ and generating the mRNA from 5’ to 3’ end as
it goes. Unlike helicase enzyme in DNA replication, RNA Polymerase zips DNA back up as it goes keeping only 10-20 bases
exposed one at a time.

Step 3: Termination
- Termination is the last step of the transcription process. This happens when RNA Polymerase enzyme reaches a stop or
termination sequence in the gene. When the stop sequence or stop codon is reached, the enzyme detaches from the gene.
The mRNA strand is now produced and it detaches from DNA. It carries with it the information encoded in the gene.

By the end of transcription, the DNA segment is transcribed to form the mRNA molecule. The template strand shown below with the
sequence T-A-C-T-A-G-A-G-C-A-T-T transcribes to form the mRNA A-U-G-A-U-C-U-C-G-U-A-A.
 Figure 3. Transcription of DNA to mRNA
E. Generalization (2 minutes)
Remember
- Thetoteacher
take note of the
will calltranscription
some of the pattern:
studentsThymine to Adenine,
to answer adenine
the following to Uracil, Cytosine to Guanine, Guanine to Cytosine. Uracil is
questions:
being synthesized instead of Thymine as compared during DNA replication.
 What is RNA?
 What are the differences between DNA and RNA?
 Explain the process of transcription of DNA to RNA.

F. Valuing/Application (5 minutes)
Directions:
Step 1. Fill in the correct mRNA bases by transcribing the bottom DNA strand.
Step 2. Translate the mRNA codons.

IV. Assessment (10 minutes)

Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer.

1. Which module contains the genetic code?

A. rRNA B. tRNA C. DNA D. mRNA
 2. The transcribing enzyme is called ____________.
A. Amino acid t-amylase B. RNA Polymerase C. DNA Polymerase D. Ligase
3. Transcription occurs along a _______ template forming an mRNA in the ________ direction.
A. 5’ to 3’, 5’ to 3’ B. 5’ to 3’, 3’ to 5’ C. 3’ to 5’, 5’ to 3’ D. 3’ to 5’, 3’ to 5’
4. RNA contains which bases?
A. Adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine, uracil
B. Adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine
C. Thymine, guanine, cytosine, uracil
D. Adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil
5. If the DNA template reads “ATA”, then which of the following would be the corresponding sequence on the mRNA.
A. UAU B. ATA C. TUT D. UCU

V. Assignment
Directions: Answer the following questions.

1. What do you call a nucleic acid polymer with a single strand?

2. What are the three major steps of transcription?
3. What do you call the transcription step where nucleotides are added to the mRNA strand?

REMARKS: _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

PROFICIENCY LEVEL:
Note: PL result of 74 below is
considered failed, therefore, you cannot proceed to the next lesson.

no. of passers
PL = × 100 PL = × 100 =
no. of students

Prepared by:

KIMBERLY ANN Q. BONGOYAN Noted by:

Subject Teacher
ROLANDO M. LACBO