Assignment Template

TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
Pulchowk Campus
A Report On
A Brief Introduction to GNSS
Submitted by:
Bigyan Thapa
076BCE191
Submitted to:
Dr.Akhilesh Kumar Karna
January 14, 2024

Contents
List of Figures ii
1 Background 1
1.1 Data and Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.1.1 MODIS Land surface Reflectance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.1.2 NDVI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2 Methodology 3
2.1 GIS Steps for analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.1.1 Clipping and reprojecting the MODIS Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.1.2 Creating Location in Grass GIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.1.3 Importing raster and vector data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.1.4 Calculation of NDVI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.1.5 Reclassification of NDVI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.1.6 Conversion of district data from vector to raster . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.1.7 Statistics of NDVI with respect to Districts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.1.8 Creation of Graphs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3 Result of Analysis 5
4 Conclusion and Discussion 6
References 7
i
List of Figures
1.1 Main Web-GIS interface of the system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
ii
1 Background
Landuse and Land cover change is one of major area of GIS analysis which is used for various
purposes. This analysis was done as a practice work to learn the Raster analysis using GIS(see
[1]). So on.
Figure 1.1: Main Web-GIS interface of the system
1.1 Data and Output

In this analysis MODIS land surface reflectance data which is provided by USGS freely was
used. The data for four different years but the same date was used to understand the land use
change in similar season for last one decade. The detail of the data used is listed below.
• Month: November first week
• Year: 2010, 2014, 2018, 2022
1
• Vector data of Province-7 (Sudur Paschim) and its districts
• So on
NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) was produced for each year and compared
using graph. So on.
1.1.1 MODIS Land surface Reflectance

Refer relevant articles and mention source of information. Explain in a couple of sentences
about downloading the data, properties and projection (CRS) of downloaded data ([2]).
1.1.2 NDVI
Refer relevant articles and mention source of information.
2
2 Methodology
Grass GIS was used for this project. So on.
2.1 GIS Steps for analysis

1. Download data
• Extract vector polygon data of the districts of Sudur Paschim Province

• Create KML file of the extent of data
• search for the data at https://search.earthdata.usgs.gov using kew word
MOD09Q1 and the KML file for the extent
• Download the data for the years/months listed above.
2. Clip and Transform data (Clip the data to the extent of the province and transform to
WGS84-GCS(EPSG:4326) using QGIS
3. Analyze the data in Grass GIS
• Import the clipped data of both the bands for each year
• Calculate NDVI
• So on
4. Create Graph
5. So on.
2.1.1 Clipping and reprojecting the MODIS Data

MODIS data was merged, clipped and then transformed to WGS84 Geographic Coordinate
system. Explain the process.
2.1.2 Creating Location in Grass GIS

Explain.
2.1.3 Importing raster and vector data

Following data were imported to Grass.
1. Clipped and projected Modis data of each band (Red and NIR)
2. Vector data of Districts
3
2.1.4 Calculation of NDVI
Following Grass GIS command was used to calculate NDVI for each of the selected years.
- i.vi red=clip_b1 etc (complete)
2.1.5 Reclassification of NDVI

Detail with grass command
2.1.6 Conversion of district data from vector to raster

Explain in detail: why & how.
2.1.7 Statistics of NDVI with respect to Districts

Command Output
2.1.8 Creation of Graphs

Using Excel/Calc/python or others
Grass Code for calculating bivariate statistics
r.stats -a -l -n --overwrite input=ndvi.reclass.2022@PERMANENT,
↩→ state7dist@PERMANENT output=E:\GIS_Exercise\Exe07_Raster_analysis
↩→ \stat2022.csv separator=comma
4
3 Result of Analysis
This chapter shows the graphs of land use change using by year for each land use class.
5
4 Conclusion and Discussion
Write a few things regarding the graph.
6
References
[1] T. ISE and A. K. Karna, “Interview survey about disaster information in the case of gorkha
earthquake, 25 april 2015,” Technical Note of the National Research Institute for Earth
Science and Disaster Resilience: No.407, Oct. 2016.
[2] Template for this report, https://mrakhilesh.com/GIS/tutorials/book/intro.
html, Accessed: 2023-07-07.

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TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY

A Brief Introduction to GNSS

January 14, 2024

4 Conclusion and Discussion 6

1.1 Main Web-GIS interface of the system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Figure 1.1: Main Web-GIS interface of the system

1.1 Data and Output

• Month: November first week

• Year: 2010, 2014, 2018, 2022

1.1.1 MODIS Land surface Reflectance

2.1 GIS Steps for analysis

• Extract vector polygon data of the districts of Sudur Paschim Province

3. Analyze the data in Grass GIS

2.1.1 Clipping and reprojecting the MODIS Data

2.1.2 Creating Location in Grass GIS

2.1.3 Importing raster and vector data

2. Vector data of Districts

2.1.5 Reclassification of NDVI

2.1.6 Conversion of district data from vector to raster

2.1.7 Statistics of NDVI with respect to Districts

2.1.8 Creation of Graphs

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