BASIC CONCEPTS

OF UNIT CIRCLE
for Pre Calculus
Senior High School (STEM)
Quarter 2 / Week 1

1
 FOREWORD

This Self-Learning Kit for Pre-Calculus explores all

concepts necessary to bridge Basic Mathematics in the
Junior High School and Calculus in the STEM Track-Senior
High School. This includes Analytic Geometry, Series and
Mathematical Induction, and Trigonometry.
This gives students a strong foundation which will be
used throughout their Calculus studies.
It is aligned with the BEC of the Department of
Education following the prescribed MELCs (Most Essential
Learning Competencies.
It has the following features proven to be valuable
aids to learning Mathematics even at home.
What Happened?
This section contains pre-activities like review of the
prior knowledge and a Pretest on what the learners have
learned in their previous discussions.
What You Need To Know? (Discussion)
This section contains the discussion on how to identify
the relationship between the linear and angular measures
of a central angle in a unit circle and illustrate the angles
in standard position. This will be your aid as you learn new
ideas and enrich your existing knowledge about
mathematical concepts.
What Have I Learned? (Evaluation/Post Test)
The exercises contained in this section are guaranteed
to build mathematical comprehension, skills, and
competence. These serve as a diagnostic tool to identify
the learners’ areas of strengths and difficulties.

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 LESSON
UNIT CIRCLE
1

OBJECTIVES:
K: Identify the relationship between the linear and
angular measures of a central angle in a unit
circle;
S: Illustrates the angles in standard position;
A: Appreciate the use of central angle in a unit
circle to real-life situations.

I. WHAT HAPPENED

Good day learners! My name is

Carl. I am your friendly worm
who will guide you all
throughout in this module.
Today we will be learning the
unit circle and its angular and
linear measurements. Are you
excited? ‘coz I’m so
wooorrmmecited!!!

3
PRE-TEST
Direction: Identify the given angles as POSITIVE ANGLE or NEGATIVE ANGLE.
Write your answer on your notebooks.
1. 2.

3. 4. 5.

II. WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW

DISCUSSION
UNIT CIRCLE

Definition: A unit circle is the circle centered at the origin with radius 1. The
equation of this circle is x2 + y2 = 1 as shown below:

4
ANGLES IN STANDARD POSITION
An angle is formed by rotating a ray about its endpoint. It is said to be in
standard position if the vertex of the angle is at (0,0) and the initial side of the
angle lies along the positive x-axis. An angle measure is positive if the ray of the
angle rotates counterclockwise from the initial side to terminal side. However,
an angle measure is negative if the ray of the angle rotates clockwise from the
initial side to terminal side.

Example:

Figure 1 Fig. 1 Fig. 2

Figure 1 is a positive angle since the rotation of the ray is
counterclockwise while Figure 2 is a negative angle since the ray rotates
clockwise. Notice that the terminal sides of Figure 1 and Figure 2 are in the
same position but they do not represent the same angle (the direction of the
ray and the angle measure are different). These angles are called coterminal.

CENTRAL ANGLE

A central angle of a circle

measures one degree (written 1˚) if it
1
intercepts of the circumference of
360
1
the circle. One minute (written 1’) is of
60
1
1˚, while one second (written 1”) is of
60
1’.

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 A central angle of the unit circle that
intercepts an arc of the circle with length 1
unit has a measure of one radian (writer 1
rad).

Example 1:
Identify the terminal side of an angle in standard position.

1. 135˚
2. -90˚
3. 405˚

Solution:

(1) 135˚: NE
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗

(2) -90˚ : ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗

NR

(3) 405˚: ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗

NO

Example 2:

Identify the terminal side of an angle in standard position.

3п
1.
4
п
2. 4
3. 2п

Solution:
3п
(1) : EN
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
4
п
(2) : ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
NO
4
(3) 2п : ⃗⃗⃗⃗
NJ

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III. WHAT HAVE I LEARNED
POST TEST:
A. Identify the terminal points of the given angle in standard position.

1. -135˚
2. 225˚
3. 45˚
4. -90˚
5. -225˚

B. Sketch each of the following angles in standard position. (You may use
protractor for a better output).

1. Ѳ = 120˚
2. Ѳ = -45˚
3. Ѳ = -130˚
4. Ѳ = 45˚
5. Ѳ = 90˚

Congratulations for
completing this module! I
hope you have learned a
lot! ‘til we meet again my
good friend!

7
 REFERENCES

Application of Unit Circle in real life. (2020). Retrieved from http://www.unitcircl.weebly.com

Ascano, J. e. (2016). Precalculus Learners' Material. Department of Education-Bureau of Learning

Resources (DepEd-BLR).

Unit Circle. (2020). Retrieved from http://www.online.math.uh.edu

8
 SYNOPSIS AND ABOUT THE AUTHOR

SYNOPSIS ANSWER KEY

Pre-test: Post-test: A
This Self-Learning Kit
1. Positive Angle 1. FN
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
(SLK) briefly informs the 2. Negative Angle 2. FN
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
learners on the unit circle 3. Positive Angle 3. NO
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
and the relationships 4. Positive Angle 4. ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
NR
between the linear and 5. Negative Angle 5. ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
EN
angular measures of a Post-test: B
central angle in a unit circle.
Learners are expected
to assess their skills and
apply what they have
learned through solving
problems involving unit
circle and are expected to
appreciate and relate unit
circle in real-life situation.
Unit circles are
everywhere! You just have
to widely open your eyes
and see what Mathematics
can offer to make our lives
meaningful and wonderful.

THE AUTHOR
The Author: JOEFRE DEVILA NARCISO. Finished Bachelor of
Secondary Education major in Mathematics at NORSU-Bais
Campus in 2014. He graduated Master of Arts in Education
major in Mathematics at Foundation University, Dumaguete
City in 2018. He is currently pursuing Doctor of Philosophy in
Mathematics Education at Negros Oriental State University
Dumaguete City Campus. He has been teaching at
Owacan Provincial Community High School, Owacan,
Jimalalud for five (5) years. He is the Supreme Student
Government Adviser, ICT Coordinator and the Senior High
School Focal Person of OPCHS-SHS Department.

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 LESSON CONVERTING ANGLES FROM DEGREE MEASURE
2 TO RADIAN MEASURE AND VICE VERSA

OBJECTIVES:
K: Define degree measure and radian measure;
S: Convert angle measure in degrees to radian
and vice versa;
A: Develop appreciation in converting angle
measure in degrees to radian and vice versa.

I. WHAT HAPPENED
Quick Recall
Recall an angle measure. An angle is formed by rotating a ray about its
endpoint. In the figure shown below, the initial side of AOB is OA,while its
terminal side is OB. An angle is said to be positive if the ray rotates in a
counterclockwise direction, and the angle is negative if it rotates in a clockwise
direction.

Recall also that a unit circle is the circle with center at the origin and
radius 1 unit.

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PRE-TEST:
Direction: Match column A with column B. Write the letter of the best answer
on your activity sheets/activity notebook.
Column A Column B
COLUMN A COLUMN B

1. Degrees a. 360°
2. 2𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑠 = ______° b. 3.14
3. 𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑠 = ______° c. Clockwise rotation
𝜋
4. 2 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛 = ______° d. An angle subtended at the center
5. Positive angle of a circle by an arc whose length is
6. Negative angle equal to the radius of a circle.
7. Radian e. Counter clockwise rotation
1
8. Central angle f. 360 of a revolution
9. 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑖 g. 180°
10. 1° = (to a rotation) h. A complete revolution, when the
initial and terminal sides are in the
same position after rotating clockwise
or anticlockwise
i. 90°
j. Angle that forms when two radii
meet at the center of a circle

II. WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW

The measure of an angle is determined by the amount of rotation from
the initial side to the terminal side. There are two common ways to measure
angles, in degrees and in radians. We’ll start with degrees denoted by °. One
1
degree (1°) is equivalent to a rotation of of one revolution. To measure
360

angles, it is convenient to mark degrees on the circumference of

a circle . Thus, A complete revolution, when the initial and terminal sides are in
the same position after rotating clockwise or anticlockwise, is divided into 360 units
called degrees, half a revolution is 180°, a quarter of a revolution is 90°, and so
forth.

11
Measuring angles

One minute is one-sixtieth of a degree and denoted as 1’. One second is

one-sixtieth of a minute and is denoted by 1”.
Angles are also classified according to the quadrant in which their terminal
sides lie.
Example: Name the quadrant in which each angle lies.

225° Quadrant 3

37° Quadrant 1
-80° Quadrat 4

110° Quadrant 2

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 A radian is the angle subtended at the center of a circle by an arc whose
length is equal to the radius of a circle.

A central angle (angle that forms when two radii meet at the center) of the
unit circle that intercepts an arc of the circle with length 1 unit is said to have
a measure of one radian, written 1 rad. As in the figure below,

In calculus, radian measure is preferably used. Radian measure allows us

to treat the trigonometric functions as functions with the set of real numbers as
domains, rather than angles.

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Example:
In the following figure, identify the terminal side of an angle in standard
position with given measure.
1) Degree measure: 135°, -135°, -90°, 405°
𝜋 𝜋 3𝜋 𝜋
2) Radian measure: 𝑟𝑎𝑑, -3 𝑟𝑎𝑑, 𝑟𝑎𝑑, − 𝑟𝑎𝑑
4 4 2 2

Solution.
1) Degree measure: 135°: ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐶 , -135°: ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐷 , -90°: ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐸 , 405°:𝑂𝐵
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝜋
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ , -3𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑; 𝑂𝐶
2) Radian measure: 𝑟𝑎𝑑: 𝑂𝐵 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ , 3𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑 ∶ 𝑂𝐸
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ , − 𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑: 𝑂𝐸
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
4 4 2 2

Since a unit circle has circumference 2𝜋, a central angle that measures 360°
has measure equivalent to 2𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑠. Thus, we obtain the following conversion
rules.

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 RULES IN CONVERTING DEGREE TO RADIAN, and VICE VERSA
𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑
1. To convert a degree measure to radian, multiply it by .
180
180
2. To convert a radian measure to degree, multiply it by .
𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑

The figure below shows some special angles in standard position with the
indicated terminal sides. The degree and radian measures are also given.

Example. Express 75° and 240° in radians.

Solution:

𝜋 5𝜋 5𝜋
1) 75° ( ) = 75° = rad
180 12 12
𝜋 4𝜋 4𝜋
2) 240° ( ) = 240° = rad
180 3 3

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 𝜋 11𝜋
Example . Express rad and rad in degrees.
8 6

Solution:

𝜋 180 𝜋
1) ( ) = 22.5 𝑟𝑎𝑑 = 22.5°
8 𝜋 8
11𝜋 180 11𝜋
2) ( )=330 𝑟𝑎𝑑 = 330°
6 𝜋 6

III. WHAT HAVE I LEARNED

POST TEST:
Write your answer on your activity sheet/activity notebook.
Work with degree and radian measure. Use the conversion factor to
complete the solution.
1. How many radians are in 135°?
7𝜋
2. How many degrees are in 6
radians?

3. Convert the following degree measures to radian measure.

a. -290°
b. 165°
c. 40°
4. Convert the following radian measures to degree measure.
𝜋
a. rad
9
5𝜋
b. 6 𝑟𝑎𝑑
25𝜋
c. − 𝑟𝑎𝑑
12

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 REFERENCES
Bacani, Jerico B., Estrada, Glenn Rey A. , et al. Precalculus Teacher’s Guide.
Quezon City: Sunshine Interlinks Publishing House, Inc. DepEd-BLR.2016.

Bacani, Jerico B., Estrada, Glenn Rey A. , et al. Precalculus Learner’s Material.
Quezon City: Sunshine Interlinks Publishing House, Inc. DepEd-BLR.2016.

Website

https://www.varsitytutors.com/hotmath/hotmath_help/topics/degree-
measure-of-an-angle.retrieved2020

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 SYNOPSIS AND ABOUT THE AUTHOR
ANSWER KEY
SYNOPSIS
This SLK (Self-Learning
Kit) is about converting
degree to radian measure
9
c. −375° c.
2𝜋

and vice versa. Here you 12

will learn how to convert
b. 150° b.
11𝜋

degree to radian measure 4. a. 20°

18
3. a. −
using the converting factor 2. 210°
29𝜋

𝜋
and converting radian 4
1.
180 3𝜋

to degree measure using Post Test

180
the converting factor 𝜋 .
Find enjoyment in 10. f E 5.

learning this SLK and go

9. b I 4.
8. j g 3.
over the discussion and 7. d a 2.
examples if you have not
6. c h 1.

yet mastered a concept. Pre-Test

THE AUTHORS
MERCYDITHA D. ENOLPE received her undergraduate degree
and master’s degree from Negros Oriental State University
(NORSU). She is currently pursuing her Ph.D. Math Education
degree of that same University. Mrs. Enolpe is presently the
Teacher In-Charge-SHS Department of Jose Marie Locsin
MHS, Zamboanguita. At the same time, handling
mathematics subjects of the school. She has contributed
significantly in the crafting of the Daily Lesson Log for
teachers in the Division of Neg. Or, specifically General
Mathematics subject. She is also the District Planning
Coordinator-SHS of the District of Zamboanguita.

LITTIE BETH SANGILAN BERNADEZ. Graduate of bachelor of

Secondary Education Major in Mathematics at Cebu Normal
University, Cebu City and with Completed Academic
Requirements for Master of Arts in Education Major in
Mathematics at the same university. A Microsoft Education
Ambassador since 2017, SHS District Planning Coordinator of La
Libertad 1 and STEM Strand Head at La Libertad Technical-
Vocational School SHS. Stationed at La Libertad Technical-
Vocational School, La Libertad District 1.

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 DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF NEGROS ORIENTAL

SENEN PRISCILLO P. PAULIN, CESO V

Schools Division Superintendent

JOELYZA M. ARCILLA, EdD

Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

MARCELO K. PALISPIS, EdD

Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

NILITA L. RAGAY, EdD

OIC - Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
CID Chief

ROSELA R. ABIERA
Education Program Supervisor – (LRMS)

ELISA L. BAGUIO, EdD

Division Education Program Supervisor – MATHEMATICS

MARICEL S. RASID
Librarian II (LRMDS)

ELMAR L. CABRERA
PDO II (LRMDS)

JOEFRE DEVILA NARCISO

MERCYDITHA D. ENOLPE
LITTIE BETH S. BERNADEZ
Writers

LITTIE BETH S. BERNADEZ

Lay-out Artist
_________________________________
ALPHA QA TEAM
RICKLEOBEN V. BAYKING
LITTIE BETH S. BERNADEZ
MERCYDITHA D. ENOLPE
RONALD TOLENTINO

BETA QA TEAM
RICKLEOBEN V. BAYKING
LITTIE BETH S. BERNADEZ
GIL . DAEL
MARIA SOLEDAD M. DAYUPAY
MARIA ACENITH DESPI
JEE LIZA INGUITO
MERCYDITHA D. ENOLPE
RONALD G. TOLENTINO

ENHANCEMENT TEAM
RADHIYA A. ABABON
LITTIE BETH S. BERNADEZ
GIL S. DAEL
DISCLAIMER

The information, activities and assessments used in this material are designed to provide accessible learning modality to the
teachers and learners of the Division of Negros Oriental. The contents of this module are carefully researched, chosen, and evaluated to
comply with the set learning competencies. The writers and evaluator were clearly instructed to give credits to information a nd illustrations
used to substantiate this material. All content is subject to copyright and may not be reproduced in any form without expressed written consent
from the division.

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