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Tutorial 7

This document provides a tutorial on exponential and logarithmic functions. It includes examples of evaluating exponential functions, sketching graphs related to exponential functions, applying properties of logarithms, solving exponential and logarithmic equations, and modeling real-world scenarios like species populations and fish growth over time using exponential and logarithmic functions.

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hallymole
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42 views

Tutorial 7

This document provides a tutorial on exponential and logarithmic functions. It includes examples of evaluating exponential functions, sketching graphs related to exponential functions, applying properties of logarithms, solving exponential and logarithmic equations, and modeling real-world scenarios like species populations and fish growth over time using exponential and logarithmic functions.

Uploaded by

hallymole
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Department of Mathematics and Computer Science

M1511 - Pre-Calculus Tutorial 7


Exponential and Logarithmic Functions

1. Discuss/analyse each of the equations and determine whether it is true or false. (Ignore values of
variables for which any term is undefined)

(a) log xy = log


 log y
x

(b) log(x − y) = log x − log y


(c) log 2s = 2 log s
(d) (log2 9)x = x(log2 9)
(e) logs ss = s

2. Let f (x) = 4x . Evaluate the following:

(a) f (0) (b) f (1) (c) f (2) (d) f (− 12 )

3. Use the graph of f (x) = 3x to sketch the graph of the following functions.

(a) f (x) = 3x ± 1 (b) f (x) = 3−x (c) f (x) = −3x (d) f (x) = −3−x

4. Show that, if
 
f (x+h)−f (x) 8h −1
(a) f (x) = 8x , then h
= 8x h
.
 
f (x+h)−f (x) 4h −1
(b) f (x) = 4x−1 − 1, then h
= 4x−1 h
.

5. Solve for x, x2 − 2x = 0. [Hint: Plot the graphs].

6. Consider the function f : R → R defined byf (x) = 2x . Show that f (x) is injective but not
surjective.

7. Show that an exponential function is an inverse of a logarithmic function.


8. Express the following in exponential form:

(a) loga (x) = 5 (b) 2 loga (y) = 9 (c) logb (x) = c

9. Evaluate the following logarithmic functions:

(a) log2 (16) (b) log10 (0.1) (c) log16 (4)

10. State the domain, range and asymptote for the following functions.

(a) f (x) = ln(x − 4) (c) y = 2 + log(x) (e) y = ln |x|


(b) f (x) = log5 (−x) (d) y = | ln(x)| (f) y = ln(x2 − 4)

11. Simplify the following using the Laws of Logarithms

(a) log4 (6) + 2 log4 (7) (d) log(x2 − 5) − log(x2 + 1) + log(x − 1)


1
(b) 2
log2 (5) − 2 log2 (7) (e) ln(a + b) − ln(a − b) − 2 ln(c)
(c) 3 ln(2) + 2 ln(x) − ln(x + 4) (f) 4 (log4 (x) + 2 log4 (y) − 3 log4 (z))

12. Find the solution of the following equations. Remember to check your answers.
2
(a) ex = e9 (f) ex + 15e−x − 8 = 0
(b) 52x−3 = 1 (g) log(x) + log(x − 1) = log(4x)
5−7x
(c) 2 = 15 (h) log5 (x) + log5 (x + 1) = log5 (20)
(d) 125x + 53x+1 = 200 (i) ln(x − 21 ) + ln(2) = 2 ln(x)
(e) e4x + 4e2x − 21 = 0 (j) log2 (3) + log2 (x) = log2 (5) + log2 (x − 2)

13. Some biologist model the number of species S in a fixed area A (such as an island) by the
species-area relationship
log S = log c + k log A
where c and k are positive constants that depend on the type of species and habitat.

(a) Solve the equation for S.


(b) Use part (a) to show that if k = 3, then doubling area increases the number of species
eightfold.

2
14. A small lake is stocked with a certain species of fish. The fish population is modeled by the function
10
P (t) =
1 + 4e−0.8t
where P is the number of fish in thousand and t is measured in years since the lake was stocked.

(a) Find the fish population after 3 years.


(b) After how many years will the fish population reach 5000 fish?

15. The relation between radians and degrees is given by

360◦ = 2π.

From the relation convert the following degrees to radians.

(a) 180◦ (c) 30◦ (e) 45◦


(b) 90◦ (d) 60◦

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