PRE-INTERMEDIATE UNIT 1 Wordlist

1 All about me
PAGE 11 get to know /gɛt tuː nəʊ/ phrasal verb
if you get to know someone, you learn about them
skim /skɪm/ verb by spending time with them
if you skim something, you read through it quickly Anton and Beatriz are trying to get to know their
and not in detail new neighbour.
It took Joe five minutes to skim through the whole
judge /ˈʤʌʤ/ verb
book.
if you judge something, you think about it carefully
habit /ˈhæbɪt/ noun and decide how you feel
a habit is something you do often without thinking Athena was asked to judge the singing competition
about it and choose a winner.
Exercising every day is a good habit.
tend /tɛnd/ verb
personality /ˌpɜː(r)səˈnæləti/ noun if you tend to do something, you usually do it
your personality is all of the qualities that make you Adam tends to fall asleep in front of the TV in the
different from other people evening.
Alva has a very positive personality.
usual /ˈjuːʒʊəl/ adjective
opinion /əˈpɪnjən/ noun something that is usual is normal or common
an opinion is what you think about something or It took Aleksi longer than usual to drive to work this
someone morning.
Ronaldo has a good opinion of Paula and thinks that
suggest /səˈʤɛst/ verb
she’s a nice person.
if you suggest something, you offer an idea for
strategy /ˈstrætɪʤi/ noun people to think about
a strategy is an organized plan to do something I suggest you take a taxi to the museum this
The football team won the game because they had a afternoon.
good strategy.
express /ɪkˈspres/ verb
profile /ˈprəʊfaɪl/ noun if you express something, you say what you think or
a profile is a short description of someone feel about it
Jihoon’s profile on Facebook says he loves playing Meredith’s wide smile expressed her happiness.
football.
aspect /ˈæspɛkt/ noun
curious /ˈkjʊərɪəs/ adjective an aspect of something is a part of it
someone who is curious asks many questions about The training programme covers every aspect of the
something job.
The children were curious during their science lesson.
blog post /blɒg pəʊst/ noun
a blog post is a story or a piece of writing that
PAGE 12 someone puts onto the internet for other people to
read
purpose /ˈpɜː(r)pəs/ noun
Bjorn tries to write a blog post every week about the
the purpose of something is the reason for it
places people should visit.
The main purpose of the company is to print
textbooks.

LEARNING 1 © Cengαge Leαrning, Inc.

 PRE-INTERMEDIATE UNIT 1 Wordlist

social media /ˈsəʊʃəl ˈmiːdiə/ noun scientific /ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk/ adjective

social media are websites or apps that people use to something that is scientific is connected to science
make friends and keep contact with each other and the studies done
Alberto likes using social media sites like Instagram New scientific discoveries are being made every day.
and TikTok. behaviour /bɪˈheɪvjə(r)/ noun
factual /ˈfækʧʊəl/ adjective your behaviour is the way you do things
something that is factual has information that Saadiyah’s behaviour in class is always very good.
includes only facts
relationship /rɪˈleɪʃ(ə)nʃɪp/ noun
Newspaper articles should be factual.
a relationship is how two or more people are
connection /kəˈnekʃ(ə)n/ noun connected to each other
a connection is a link between things Hussein and Sumaiyah have a close relationship as
There is a connection between the two people as brother and sister.
they have the same surname. choice /ʧɔɪs/ noun
a choice is when you choose between two things
PAGE 13 Your choice of clothing today is great.
character /ˈkærɪktə(r)/ noun aisle /aɪl/ noun
your character is all the things that make you an aisle is a space to walk between rows of seats
different from others You walk down the aisle to get to your seat on a bus,
His character is a mix of kindness and friendliness. train or plane.
DNA /diː-ɛn-eɪ/ noun
your DNA is the tiny things in the body that contain PAGE 14
information about you
extrovert /ˈekstrəˌvɜː(r)t/ noun
Scientists are trying to use DNA to grow some
an extrovert is someone who prefers being with
animals in labs.
other people
experience /ɪkˈspɪəriəns/ noun Valentina is an extrovert. She talks to everyone.
an experience is something that you take part in
introvert /ˈɪntrəˌvɜː(r)t/ noun
Going overseas as a child was a great experience.
an introvert is someone who prefers being on their
psychologist /saɪˈkɒləʤɪst/ noun own
a psychologist is a person whose job is to study Cruz is an introvert. He is shy with people he doesn’t
how people’s minds work know well.
Vicente is studying to be a psychologist because he observe /əbˈzɜː(r)v/ verb
likes helping people.
if you observe something, you watch it
similar /ˈsɪmɪlə(r)/ adjective Marcel likes to observe people around him.
something that is similar is nearly the same as
centre of attention /ˈsɛntər ɒv əˈtɛnʃ(ə)n/ phrase
something else
if you say that someone is the centre of attention,
Laurie and Laura have similar names.
you mean that everyone around them are watching
believe /bɪˈliːv/ verb them
if you believe something, you think it is true Marielana loves to be the centre of attention at
Matthias believes that the people around him are parties.
good. infographic /ˌɪnfəʊˈɡræf.ɪk/ noun
leader /ˈliːdə(r)/ noun an infographic is a picture that gives information
a leader is a person who tells a group of people The infographic makes it easier to understand the
what to do information about personalities.
The leader told the group what they needed to do in
their new job.

2 © Cengαge Leαrning, Inc.

 PRE-INTERMEDIATE UNIT 1 Wordlist

chat /ʧæt/ verb PAGE 16

if you chat, you have a friendly conversation with
someone characteristic /ˌkærɪktəˈrɪstɪk/ noun
Liani and Fernanda like to chat to each other after a characteristic is a common or special quality of a
work. person, group, action or thing
Being friendly is a good characteristic.
go for walks /ˈgəʊ fɔː wɔːks/ phrase
if you say you go for walks, you mean you spend option /ˈɒpʃən/ noun
time walking for exercise or to relax an option is something that you can choose
Katyrzyna and Ewa like to go for walks in the park. Travelling for a year after school is an option for
Gustavo.
occasionally /əˈkeɪʒnəli/ adverb
if something happens occasionally, it happens best self /ˈbɛst sɛlf/ phrase
sometimes if you say you are your best self, you mean you are
Kathy occasionally goes to the cinema alone. getting the most out of life
Melania feels she is her best self when she is with her
rarely /ˈreəli/ adverb
friends.
if something happens rarely, it does not happen
often situation /ˌsɪtjʊˈeɪʃən/ noun
Marek rarely eats dinner at restaurants. a situation is what is happening in a place at a
specific time
Elaine thought the situation was funny.
PAGE 15
interviewer /ˈɪntəvjuːə/ noun
gym /ʤɪm/ noun an interviewer is a person who asks questions to
a gym is a place where you can go to do exercise find out more about someone
Maja loves to use the running machines at the gym. The interviewer asked Aino many questions.
traffic /ˈtræfɪk/ noun expression /ɪksˈprɛʃən/ noun
traffic is the amount of vehicles on the road an expression is the act of telling or showing
There was so much traffic after work that it took thoughts or feelings
Leanne one hour to get home. Everyone gave an expression of agreement at the
cycle /ˈsaɪk(ə)l/ verb meeting.
if you cycle, you ride a bicycle introduce /ˌɪntrəˈdjuːs/ verb
Many people cycle rather than drive in Amsterdam. if you introduce someone to another person, you
tell that other person about the first person
yoga /ˈjəʊgə/ noun
yoga is a type of exercise that helps you stretch your Let me introduce you to Raj.
muscles and breathe phrase /ˈfreɪz/ noun
Ida goes to yoga classes every day to relax. a phrase is a group of words that are part of a
sentence but don’t have a subject and a verb
expect /ɪksˈpɛkt/ verb
if you expect something, you think it will happen Zhu learned a new phrase while reading the story.
I expect Jan to get home at 6 p.m. reason /ˈriːzn/ noun
a reason is a fact that explains why something is
regular /ˈrɛgjʊlə/ adjective
how it is
something that is regular happens often
Remember to give a reason for your answer.
The store has a lot of regular customers who shop
there every day. speaker /ˈspiːkə(r)/ noun
a speaker is a person who is talking
exercise /ˈɛksəsaɪz/ noun
exercise is when you move your body to keep it The speaker tonight is a well-known scientist.
healthy and strong
Playing football is good exercise.

3 © Cengαge Leαrning, Inc.

 PRE-INTERMEDIATE UNIT 1 Wordlist

strongly /ˈstrɒŋli/ adverb at the moment /æt ðə ˈməʊmənt/ phrase

something that is said strongly, is said louder or at the moment is right now
slower than other words Faizan is a bit busy at the moment. Let’s talk to him
Ren said the main words in his question strongly. tomorrow.
comfortable /ˈkʌmf(ə)təbl/ adjective these days /ðiːz deɪz/ phrase
a person who is comfortable feels pleasant and these days are the present time, over a short period
calm Kimiko prefers reading to watching TV these days.
Zoltan is comfortable speaking Italian, Russian and definitely /ˈdɛfɪnɪtli/ adverb
English.
you use definitely to show that you are very sure of
confident /ˈkɒnfɪdənt/ adjective something
a person who is confident trusts that a situation will The team will definitely win if Hae-Jun plays in the
happen as they expect it game.
I feel confident that we will win. absolutely /ˈæbsəluːtli/ adverb
topic /ˈtɒpɪk/ noun you use absolutely to mean really, completely or for
a topic is a subject that you write or talk about sure
We need to think more carefully about this topic Kaito didn’t sleep last night, so he’s absolutely
before writing the essay. exhausted today.
creative /kriˈeɪtɪv/ adjective
PAGE 17 a person who is creative is good at thinking of and
doing new things
extract /ɪksˈtrækt/ noun
Sanjay is so creative with the way he uses colours in
an extract is a short piece of text from a longer text his artwork.
Read the extract from the story, then answer the
questions. friendly /ˈfrendli/ adjective
a person who is friendly is kind and pleasant to
fit /fɪt/ adjective other people
something that fits someone feels right for that Gemma is a friendly person who visits everyone.
person
Being a doctor is a good fit for Amelia. She’s really honest /ˈɒnɪst/ adjective
good at it. a person who is honest always tells the truth
Thank you for being so honest with me.
suitable /ˈsjuːtəbl/ adjective
something that is suitable is right for a specific patient /ˈpeɪʃnt/ adjective
purpose a person who is patient is calm when they have to
My flat is in a suitable location, with many things to wait for something
see and do. Tai is very patient with young children.
serious /ˈsɪəriəs/ adjective professional /prəˈfeʃənl/ adjective
someone who is serious, is not smiling or laughing someone who is professional does something well
Everyone looked serious as they listened to the in a job or an activity
president’s speech. The reporter was very professional when they
interviewed Alexis.
naturally /ˈnæʧrəli/ adverb
if something happens naturally, it happens with reliable /rɪˈlaɪəbl/ adjective
certainty or without doubt a person who is reliable always does what they say
Naturally, Johann will drive us to the theatre on they will do
Saturday. Ask Marlon to help you. He’s such a reliable person.
either /ˈaɪðə/ adverb emphasize /ˈɛmfəsaɪz/ verb
you use either to choose between two or more if you emphasize something, you show that it is
things more important than the other things
Watch either film. They’re both good! Use capital letters to emphasize a word in writing.

4 © Cengαge Leαrning, Inc.

 PRE-INTERMEDIATE UNIT 1 Wordlist

PAGE 18 easygoing /ˈiːzɪˌgəʊɪŋ/ adjective

someone who is easygoing is relaxed and does not
mention /ˈmɛnʃən/ verb stress easily
if you mention something, you don’t give many Jia is a fun and easygoing person.
details about it
talented /ˈtæləntɪd/ adjective
I’ll mention your ideas to Jacinta.
someone who is talented is very good at something
stranger /ˈstreɪnʤə/ noun Olaf is talented at playing the piano.
a stranger is a person you do not know
graduate /ˈgrædjʊeɪt/ verb
Miya spoke to a stranger while waiting for her bus.
if you graduate, you finish a qualification, like a
show your interest /ʃəʊ jɔːr ˈɪntrɪst/ phrase diploma or a degree
if you show your interest, you say that something Ilan can’t wait to graduate from university.
is interesting to you
marketing /ˈmɑːkɪtɪŋ/ noun
Show your interest in people by listening to them.
marketing is a job that helps to promote and sell
products and services to people
PAGE 19 in marketing
free time /friː taɪm/ phrase Juhee has many friends who work in marketing.
if you say you have free time, you mean you are not advertising /ˈædvətaɪzɪŋ/ noun
busy with anything advertising is a job of designing notices to sell
spend (your) free time products and services to people
In his free time, Istvan likes to play computer games. in advertising
morning person /ˈmɔːnɪŋ ˈpɜːsn/ phrase Sumit works in advertising and is good at selling
if you say someone is a morning person, you mean things.
someone works better in the mornings than the currently /ˈkʌrəntli/ adverb
evenings currently means at this time
Sehee is a morning person. She wakes up at 5 a.m. The orchestra is currently performing in Austria.
generous /ˈʤɛnərəs/ adjective
PAGE 20 a person who is generous is kind and give things to
other people or does things for them
adapt /əˈdæpt/ verb
if you adapt to something, you change to fit it Granny was very generous with the amount of
money she gave me this year.
The writer is going to adapt her book into a movie.
karate /kəˈrɑːti/ noun
direct /daɪˈrɛkt/ adjective
karate is a sport or way of fighting
someone who is direct says what they mean
Ricardo enjoys learning karate as it’s good exercise.
Celia is very direct, but she’s not rude.
respond /rɪsˈpɒnd/ verb
PAGE 21
if you respond to something, you give an answer
with words or an action current /ˈkʌrənt/ adjective
Graciela offered Sven a drink, but he didn’t respond. something that is current is happening at this time
crazy /ˈkreɪzi/ adjective Siiri loves her current job.
something that is crazy is strange or silly match /ˈmæʧ/ verb
Feroz’s ideas can seem a bit crazy at times, but they if something matches something else, it fits well
usually end well. with that thing
description /dɪsˈkrɪpʃən/ noun Juho’s shirt matches Laurie’s shirt today.
a description is information or details about what a
person is like
Lin wrote a short description about himself.

5 © Cengαge Leαrning, Inc.

 PRE-INTERMEDIATE UNIT 1 Wordlist

sign up /saɪn ʌp/ phrasal verb

if you sign up for something, you join it
sign up to, sign up for
Remember to sign up for the trip to Milan next week.
exchange /ɪksˈʧeɪnʤ/ verb
if you exchange something with someone, you give
each other something
Amy and Sylvie exchange presents on their birthdays.
checklist /ˈʧɛklɪst/ noun
a checklist is a list of things you need to do or have
for something
Use a checklist to make sure you’ve done everything
you need to do before your holiday.
feedback /ˈfiːdbæk/ noun
feedback is what someone tells you about
something you have done
Elsie asked her teacher for feedback on her
homework.

6 © Cengαge Leαrning, Inc.

 PRE-INTERMEDIATE UNIT 2 Wordlist

2 Memory
PAGE 22 caving /ˈkeɪvɪŋ/ noun
caving is the activity of moving through caves under
transparency /trænsˈpærənsi/ noun the ground
a transparency is a piece of clear plastic that shows Akeno loves to go caving with his brother.
a photograph
campsite /ˈkæmpˌsaɪt/ noun
Maura printed the photograph on to a transparency.
a campsite is an area where people can sleep
outside
PAGE 23 Santiago found a great campsite to stay at for the
synonym /ˈsɪnənɪm/ noun week.
a synonym is a word that means the same as rock climbing /rɒk ˈklaɪmɪŋ/ noun
another word rock climbing is the activity of climbing the side of
‘Great’ is a synonym for ‘good’. a mountain or rock with your hands, feet and special
equipment
memory /ˈmem(ə)ri/ noun
The mountain had great places for Luciano to go
a memory is something that you remember from the
rock climbing.
past
Zhong has lots of happy memories from his raise /reɪz/ verb
childhood. if you raise money, you do things to collect money
for a special or important purpose
deal with /diːl wɪð/ phrasal verb
The boy washed cars to raise money to help buy new
if you deal with something, you give it your
books for the school.
attention and solve the problem
Maura needs to deal with her stress better. bandage /ˈbændɪdʒ/ noun
a bandage is a piece of cloth that you use to cover a
unfamiliar /ˌʌnfəˈmɪljə(r)/ adjective
part of your body that has been hurt
something that is unfamiliar is something that you
The nurse tied the bandage around Selina’s arm.
do not know about
The man in the film spoke an unfamiliar language.
PAGE 24
subject /ˈsʌbdʒɪkt/ noun
a subject is a topic or an area of knowledge that you relate /rɪˈleɪt/ verb
learn about at school if something relates to something else, there is a link
History is Gael’s favourite subject. between the two things
slide /slaɪd/ noun Juan relates 6 o’clock with dinner time.
a slide is a small photograph that is printed onto necessary /ˈnesəs(ə)ri/ adjective
clear plastic something that is necessary is needed in order to do
Byron showed the slide on the wall behind him for something
the class to see. Alek doesn’t have the necessary tools to fix his bike.
project /ˈprɒdʒekt/ noun reduce /rɪˈdjuːs/ verb
a project is an activity with many different parts if you reduce something, you make it smaller or less
We have a group project to do in this course. Guillermo takes the bus daily to help reduce the
number of cars on the road.

LEARNING 7 © Cengαge Leαrning, Inc.

 PRE-INTERMEDIATE UNIT 2 Wordlist

memorize /ˈmeməraɪz/ verb decrease /diːˈkriːs/ verb

if you memorize something, you learn it really well if you decrease something, you make it smaller or
so you can remember it make it less
Kara tries to memorize ten new Spanish words every Sales at the shop have decreased by nearly 30 per
day. cent.
strengthen /ˈstreŋθ(ə)n/ verb diet /ˈdaɪət/ noun
if you strengthen something, you make it stronger a diet is the type of food that you eat regularly
The repairs to the bridge will strengthen it. Abel eats a healthy diet with lots of vegetables.
affect /əˈfekt/ verb sugary /ˈʃʊɡəri/ adjective
if something affects something else, it makes it change something that is sugary is sweet and has a lot of
Getting too little sleep affects Mia’s concentration. sugar in it
research /rɪˈsɜː(r)tʃ/ noun Sugary foods like cake are some of Jessica’s favourite
research is the study of something in lots of detail food.
Horst is still doing research for his PhD. essential /ɪˈsenʃ(ə)l/ adjective
quality /ˈkwɒləti/ noun something that is essential is something that you
the quality of something is how good or well made it is need
The quality of the video was bad. It’s essential to book your tickets early for the show.

evidence /ˈevɪd(ə)ns/ noun session /ˈseʃ(ə)n/ noun

evidence is something that you can see or hear that a session is an amount of time given to an activity
makes you believe something The photo session at work took three hours.
The detective looked at every piece of evidence. meditation /ˌmedɪˈteɪʃ(ə)n/ noun
expert /ˈekspɜː(r)t/ noun meditation is the act of being quiet and still to help
an expert is someone who has a lot of knowledge your mind
about a topic Meditation helps Gianna to relax after a long day.
Sebastien is an expert in finance and business. influence /ˈɪnfluəns/ verb
site /saɪt/ noun if you influence something, you can cause it to
a site (website) is a place on the internet that has change
information or pictures about something Dara’s friends are trying to influence him to join the
Ambrocio likes to read sites with interesting facts. tennis team.
almond /ˈɑːmənd/ noun meditate /ˈmedɪteɪt/ verb
an almond is a type of nut if you meditate, you are quiet and still and try to
Almonds are Aaminah’s favourite nut to eat. clear your mind
ability /əˈbɪləti/ noun I try to meditate for a few minutes every evening.
an ability is a skill condition /kənˈdɪʃ(ə)n/ noun
have/has the ability the condition of something is how good or bad it is
Xavier has an ability to talk for hours with everyone Gizelle’s laptop is old, but it’s in very good condition.
he meets. current /ˈkʌrənt/ adjective
weight lifting /ˈweɪtˌlɪftɪŋ/ noun something that is current is happening now
weight lifting is the sport of lifting heavy things Our current focus is on how people feel about our
Jaehee started doing weight lifting at the gym. product.
recent /ˈriːs(ə)nt/ adjective
PAGE 25 something that is recent happened not too long ago
The ground is still wet from the recent rain.
tip /tɪp/ noun
a tip is a piece of useful advice
Axel asked his friends for the best tip about how to
speak English fluently.

8 © Cengαge Leαrning, Inc.

 PRE-INTERMEDIATE UNIT 2 Wordlist

PAGE 27 ancient /ˈeɪnʃ(ə)nt/ adjective

something that is ancient is very, very old
childhood /ˈtʃaɪldˌhʊd/ noun Jenna found an ancient coin in the sand on the
childhood is the period of someone’s life when they beach.
are a child
clue /kluː/ noun
Haider has many photos of his friends from his
childhood. a clue is a word or an item that helps you understand
something
We followed the clue to find the hidden gold.
PAGE 28
technique /tekˈniːk/ noun PAGE 29
a technique is a way of doing something
revise /rɪˈvaɪz/ verb
The dancer has excellent technique in their
movements. if you revise, you learn and remember the things you
were taught before, so you can take a test or exam
remind /rɪˈmaɪnd/ verb Our French teacher told us to revise all the verbs we
if you remind someone about something, you help had learned.
them to remember it
art /ɑːt/ noun
Please remind Ichiro to bring my book back.
art is the activity of creating paintings and drawings
colour-code /ˈkʌlə(r) kəʊd/ verb Roxy loves going to art class because she draws well.
if you colour-code something, you give colours to
different things to help you remember them biology /baɪˈɒlədʒi/ noun
Harold likes to colour-code his notes when studying. biology is the study of living things
Jiang studies hard for biology and wants to be a
highlight /ˈhaɪˌlaɪt/ verb doctor.
if you highlight something, you mark it in a different
colour so it stands out chemistry /ˈkemɪstri/ noun
Amaia used a marker to highlight useful words in chemistry is a science that studies how the things
class. around us are made and how they work
Sheldon teaches chemistry at high school.
stick /stɪk/ verb
if you stick something somewhere, you put it there drama /ˈdrɑːmə/ noun
and make it stay drama is the subject of acting and learning about
Stick the posters on the wall. other parts of theatre
Karen is trying drama this term, but she’s not very
archaeologist /ˌɑː(r)kiˈɒlədʒɪst/ noun good at it.
an archaeologist is a person who studies people
from the past by looking at their buildings and other geography /dʒiˈɒɡrəfi/ noun
things from their time geography is the study of countries and land, sea
Isaiah is studying history to become an archaeologist. and weather
Kasem likes learning about the world in geography.
mind map /maɪnd mæp/ noun
a mind map is a drawing that links different facts to history /ˈhɪstri/ noun
each other history is the study of the past and important events
Bruno draws mind maps to organize his ideas before that happened
writing an essay. In history today, we learned about the brothers who
built the first plane.
diagram /ˈdaɪəɡræm/ noun
a diagram is a simple drawing that shows how IT /ˌaɪ ˈtiː/ noun
something works IT is the study of computers and what they do
The diagram helped Akeno to understand how the Kaede works in IT and can fix any problem on a
machine works. computer.

9 © Cengαge Leαrning, Inc.

 PRE-INTERMEDIATE UNIT 2 Wordlist

PE /ˌpiː ˈiː/ noun PAGE 32

PE is the subject of sports and exercise
Lance’s least favourite class at school was PE. memorable /ˈmem(ə)rəb(ə)l/ adjective
something that is memorable is easy to remember
physics /ˈfɪzɪks/ noun
The concert was so memorable, Liz would never
physics is the study of things like heat, light, forget it.
electricity and sound
She is a professor of physics at a university. comedian /kəˈmiːdiən/ noun
a comedian is a person whose job it is to make
calculator /ˈkælkjʊˌleɪtə(r)/ noun people laugh
a calculator is a machine that is used to help us do The audience laughed loudly at the comedian’s jokes.
maths
I can’t use my calculator in the maths test today. atmosphere /ˈætməsˌfɪə(r)/ noun
the atmosphere of a place is the general feeling you
get when you are there
PAGE 30 The atmosphere in Phuket is so relaxing.
interest /ˈɪntrəst/ noun
an interest is a feeling or wanting to know more PAGE 33
about that thing
Sasha has an interest in classical music. balcony /ˈbælkəni/ noun
a balcony is the floor outside a building, on a level
above the ground, with a low wall around it
PAGE 31 From the balcony, we could see the sea and the
facial expression /ˈfeɪʃ(ə)l ɪkˈspreʃ(ə)n/ noun mountains.
a facial expression is when your face shows what fabulous /ˈfæbjʊləs/ adjective
you are feeling something that is fabulous is impressive and
His facial expression showed that he was very serious. amazing
body language /ˈbɒdi ˈlæŋɡwɪdʒ/ noun We went to a fabulous party at Erica’s house.
body language is when your body shows what you
are feeling with different movements
I could tell from her body language that Olga was
very happy.
nod /nɒd/ verb
if you nod, you move your head up and down
Nod your head if you agree with me.
actively /ˈæktɪvli/ adverb
if you do something actively, you mean to do it
Joaquin is actively involved in many sports clubs.
terrible /ˈterəb(ə)l/ adjective
something that is terrible is very bad
Jiro had a terrible dream last night that upset him.
awful /ˈɔːfl/ adjective
something that is awful is very bad
Bettina felt awful after she forgot her friend’s
birthday.
ice skating /aɪs ˈskeɪtɪŋ/ noun
ice skating is the activity of moving on ice in special
boots
Ice skating was a lot of fun and easy to learn.

10 © Cengαge Leαrning, Inc.

 PRE-INTERMEDIATE UNIT 3 Wordlist

3 Food for thought

PAGE 34 rather than /ˈrɑːðə(r) ðən/ phrase
if you say rather than, you mean instead of
vendor /ˈvendə(r)/ noun He’d do anything rather than upset someone.
a vendor is someone who sells things from a table or
a cart pastry /ˈpeɪstri/ noun
I bought my sunglasses from a street vendor in pastry is a food that is made from flour, water and oil
Florence. Apple pie is a popular pastry in the US.
invent /ɪnˈvent/ verb
PAGE 35 if you invent something, you make it for the first
time
ongoing /ˈɒnˌɡəʊɪŋ/ adjective The person who invented mobile phones must have
something that is ongoing is something that is still been very clever.
happening
tikka masala /ˈtiːkə məˈsɑːlə/ noun
The conversation about climate change is ongoing.
tikka masala is a dish made with Indian spices,
street food /ˈstriːt fuːd/ noun tomatoes, onions, cream and meat
street food is simple food that is made and sold on Meghan makes a spicy tikka masala.
the street
spicy /ˈspaɪsi/ adjective
The street food sold in South Korea is delicious!
something that is spicy has a strong taste
cauliflower /ˈkɒliˌflaʊə(r)/ noun This curry is tasty but also very spicy.
cauliflower is a large round vegetable that is white
with green leaves attack /əˈtæk/ verb
if you attack someone, you try to hurt them
Cauliflower is one of Niran’s favourite vegetables.
The soldiers were ready to attack.

PAGE 36 attack /əˈtæk/ noun

an attack is when you begin working on something
dish /dɪʃ/ noun with lots of enthusiasm
a dish is food that has been prepared for a meal Ian attacked the maths problem with confidence.
I ate a dish in Russia that reminded me of my imagine /ɪˈmædʒɪn/ verb
grandmother’s soup.
if you imagine something, you pretend it is
organize /ˈɔː(r)ɡənaɪz/ verb happening and is real
if you organize something, you put the parts into Imagine being able to travel to every country in the
order world.
Jayne organizes her clothes by colour and season.
sequence /ˈsiːkwəns/ noun PAGE 37
a sequence is the order that things are put in
traditional /trəˈdɪʃ(ə)nəl/ adjective
Number the pages in sequence.
something that is traditional is prepared in the same
surprising /sə(r)ˈpraɪzɪŋ/ adjective way it has been prepared for a long time
something that is surprising is something that you Kimchi is a traditional side dish in Korean food.
did not think would happen
buttery /ˈbʌtəri/ adjective
It’s surprising how many people applied for the job.
something that is buttery contains a lot of butter
The toast was hot and buttery.

LEARNING 11 © Cengαge Leαrning, Inc.

 PRE-INTERMEDIATE UNIT 3 Wordlist

celebrate /ˈseləˌbreɪt/ verb diner /ˈdaɪnə(r)/ noun

if you celebrate something, you do something a diner is a person who eats a meal at a restaurant
special for that thing There were so many diners at the restaurant that we
We went to a restaurant to celebrate Janka’s had to wait 30 minutes for a table.
birthday. sushi /ˈsuːʃi/ noun
miss /mɪs/ verb sushi is a type of Japanese food that contains rice
if you miss someone or something, you feel sad and fish rolled together
because you are not with that person or thing Ronin’s wife eats sushi once a week.
Saul will miss his family when he moves to Vietnam. raw /rɔː/ adjective
ingredient /ɪnˈɡriːdiənt/ noun something that is raw is not cooked
an ingredient is one of the foods that you use to Leonardo thinks raw vegetables taste better than
make a dish cooked vegetables.
The main ingredient in chocolate is cacao. expect /ɪkˈspekt/ verb
spice /spaɪs/ noun if you expect something, you know what it will be
a spice is part of a plant that is added to food for like
flavour Hector expects to buy a new house soon.
Sally uses mixed spices when she cooks.
shock /ʃɒk/ verb
creamy /ˈkriːmi/ adjective if something shocks you, it gives you a big surprise
something that is creamy has a lot of cream in it or I got a shock when I saw how high the bill was.
is smooth and thick like cream
environment /ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt/ noun
Mix the eggs and butter until the mixture is creamy.
the environment is the world of nature around us
Keeping the environment safe is a popular topic now.
PAGE 38
allergy /ˈælədʒi/ noun
disaster /dɪˈzɑːstə(r)/ noun an allergy is when you get sick from something you
a disaster is a bad accident that causes great eat, breathe or touch
damage Sarah has a bad allergy to shellfish, so she can’t eat it.
The dinner was a disaster because Verushka burnt all pop-up /ˈpɒp ʌp/ adjective
the food. a place that is a pop-up is only open for a short time
chat away /tʃæt əˈweɪ/ phrasal verb The pop-up restaurant will only be there for one
if you chat away, you speak to someone for a long month.
time
prepare /prɪˈpeə(r)/ verb
Paloma and her friends can chat away for hours on if you prepare food, you make it ready to eat
the phone.
Thiago prepares his lunch every morning before he
goes to work.
PAGE 39
serve /sɜːv/ verb
cause /kɔːz/ verb if you serve food, you give it to people to eat
if something causes something to happen, it makes Help me serve the food before it gets cold.
it happen owner /ˈəʊnə(r)/ noun
Be careful when using oil near a flame as it can cause an owner is the person who buys something that
a fire. they will keep
Find the owner of this bag so we can give it back to
PAGE 40 them.

eat out /ˈiːt aʊt/ phrasal verb decision /dɪˈsɪʒ(ə)n/ noun

if you eat out, you eat in a restaurant a decision is when you choose what you should do
Rosa and her family often eat out at restaurants. Ignacio made a decision to move to Laos.

12 © Cengαge Leαrning, Inc.

 PRE-INTERMEDIATE UNIT 3 Wordlist

specific /spəˈsɪfɪk/ adjective takeaway /ˈteɪkəˌweɪ/ noun

something that is specific refers to one person or a takeaway is a meal that you buy from a restaurant
thing and take it to eat somewhere else
Try to be as specific as possible when you ask a Let’s order takeaway for dinner tonight.
question. homemade /ˈhəʊm(ə)meɪd/ adjective
something that is homemade has been made in
PAGE 41 someone’s kitchen and not in a factory or restaurant
Jin’s homemade noodles taste better than the
vegetarian /ˌvedʒəˈteəriən/ noun
restaurant’s ones.
a vegetarian is a person who does not eat meat
My aunt is a vegetarian and doesn’t eat meat at all.
PAGE 44
vegan /ˈviːɡən/ noun
a vegan is a person who does not eat anything from cover /ˈkʌvə(r)/ verb
animals if you cover something, you put something over it
As a vegan, Helga doesn’t even drink cow’s milk. Cover the pot and put it in the oven to stay warm.
sashimi /sæˈʃiːmi/ noun at least /æt ˈliːst/ phrase
sashimi is fish that has been prepared in a special if you say something happens for at least an amount
way and is served without being cooked of time, it happens for no less than that time
Eliana tasted sashimi for the first time when she Seiji plays online games for at least an hour every
visited Japan last year. night.
salmon /ˈsæmən/ noun cook /kʊk/ noun
salmon is a type of fish that is pink a cook is a person who prepares food for other
Salmon is the most delicious fish and healthy as well. people
The cook made a huge pot of pasta.
PAGE 42 tofu /ˈtəʊfuː/ noun
tofu is soft food made from a type of bean
take away /ˈteɪk əˈweɪ/ phrasal verb
Kane eats tofu instead of meat.
if you take away food, you buy it from a restaurant
and take it to eat somewhere else broccoli /ˈbrɒkəli/ noun
Let’s take away our food and eat in the park. broccoli is a vegetable that has green stalks and
leaves
Tim’s daughter thinks broccoli looks like baby trees.
PAGE 43
join /dʒɔɪn/ verb PAGE 45
if you join someone, you meet or come together
with them accurate /ˈækjʊrət/ adjective
Join us tonight for coffee and cake. something that is accurate is true and correct
The time on that clock is accurate.
allergic /əˈlɜː(r)dʒɪk/ adjective
someone who is allergic to something gets sick from common /ˈkɒmən/ adjective
that thing something that is common happens often or is in
Bertha is allergic to nuts so she can’t eat them. large numbers
Snow is common in Canada during the winter.
go bad /ɡəʊ ˈbæd/ phrasal verb
if food goes bad, it is not good to eat because it is stir /stɜː(r)/ verb
too old if you stir something, you move it around to mix it
If you leave food in the fridge for too long, it will go Stir the tea until the sugar is mixed in.
bad.

13 © Cengαge Leαrning, Inc.

 PRE-INTERMEDIATE UNIT 4 Wordlist

4 Goals and ambition

PAGE 46 forum /ˈfɔːrəm/ noun
a forum is a public meeting for people to talk about
race /reɪs/ noun a problem or topic they are all interested in
a race is a competition that is done at a fast speed The website’s forum gives us a place to share tips on
My brother won the running race. how to speak Mandarin more fluently.
succeed /səkˈsiːd/ verb
PAGE 47 if you succeed in something, you do well in it and
have a good result
goal /ɡəʊl/ noun
succeed in, succeed at
a goal is an aim or a result that you hope to achieve
If you don’t succeed the first time you do something,
Danica’s goal is to become an archaeologist.
keep trying until you do.
ambition /æmˈbɪʃ(ə)n/ noun achieve /əˈtʃiːv/ verb
an ambition is a strong desire to do something if you achieve something, you get it by working hard
Malek’s ambition is to sail around the world. and doing well
motivation /ˌməʊtɪˈveɪʃ(ə)n/ noun The football team won their game and achieved their
a motivation is the feeling or interest you have that dream of being the best team.
makes you want to achieve something set goals /set ɡəʊls/ phrasal verb
Josiah’s parents are his motivation for doing well at if you set goals, you make a list of the things you
work. want to work towards
filler /ˈfɪlə(r)/ noun Lennox sets goals for himself at the beginning of
a filler is a short word like ‘um’, ‘uh’ and ‘er’ that a each year.
speaker says to fill a gap while thinking about what live in the moment /lɪv ɪn ðiː ˈməʊmənt/ phrase
to say next if you say you live in the moment, you think about
A common filler people use when speaking is ‘um’. what is happening now and don’t worry about the
podcast /ˈpɒdˌkɑːst/ noun past or the future
a podcast is an audio recording, usually a short talk Andrej likes to live in the moment and enjoy what is
on a topic, that you can download from the internet happening.
Danny has his own podcast about how to travel the protected /prəˈtektɪd/ adjective
world cheaply. something that is protected has laws that stop
people from hurting it in any way
explore /ɪkˈsplɔː(r)/ verb
if you explore a topic, you study it carefully to try to The African Elephant is now protected by law to keep
understand more about it it safe.
I’d like to explore more about how to write a good marine biologist /məˈriːn baɪˈɒlədʒɪst/ noun
essay. a marine biologist is someone who studies the
animals and plants that live in the ocean
encouraging /ɪnˈkʌrɪdʒɪŋ/ adjective
Kenshin is a marine biologist and is studying whales
something that is encouraging gives a person
in South America.
feelings of hope and confidence
It’s encouraging to hear that my English speaking spend time /ˈspend taɪm/ phrase
keeps getting better. if you say you spend time doing something, you use
your time to do it
I like to spend my time painting pictures of the
mountains near my house.

LEARNING 14 © Cengαge Leαrning, Inc.

 PRE-INTERMEDIATE UNIT 4 Wordlist

wildlife /ˈwaɪldˌlaɪf/ noun category /ˈkætəɡ(ə)ri/ noun

wildlife is the animals, birds and plants that live free a category is a group of people or things that are
from people the same type
We saw so many different wildlife when we went Part-time workers are grouped in a different
hiking in Kenya. category.
fit /fɪt/ adjective take part /ˈteɪk pɑː(r)t/ phrasal verb
someone who is fit, is healthy and in good shape if you take part in something, you do it with other
Marc is so fit because he runs 10km every day and people
swims often. We will take part in the competition today.
free diving /ˈfriː ˈdaɪvɪŋ/ noun event /ɪˈvent/ noun
free diving is a water sport done where you swim an event is a competition, party or race that is done
under water for long periods by only holding your at a specific time
breath Nate’s birthday was a major event each year when he
Janez goes free diving with his friends every summer. was a child.

PAGE 48 PAGE 49
coach /kəʊtʃ/ noun reach for the sky /ˈriːtʃ fɔː(r) ðə ˈskaɪ/ phrase
a coach is a person who teaches people how to be if you say that you are going to reach for the sky,
better in a sport you mean you are trying to achieve a difficult goal
Kenji’s karate coach makes him practise for three Ruta is reaching for the sky with her goal to become
hours every day. an actress.
concentrate /ˈkɒns(ə)nˌtreɪt/ verb hardworking /hɑː(r)d ˈwɜː(r)kɪŋ/ adjective
if you concentrate on something, you give it all your someone who is hardworking puts a lot of effort in
attention and thought their work
Concentrate on hitting the ball when Jasper throws it Paolo got a raise at work because he is hardworking.
to you.
free time /ˈfriː taɪm/ noun
give up /ˈɡɪv ʌp/ phrasal verb your free time is the time when you do not have to
if you give up, you stop doing something work or study and can do what you want
Minhee wanted to give up when she came last in the Eduardo likes to watch sports in his free time.
race.
cost of living /ˈkɒst ɒv ˈlɪvɪŋ/ phrase
push /pʊʃ/ verb the cost of living is the amount of money you need
if you push someone, you encourage them to think to pay for basic things like food, clothes, transport
or do something and your home
Tsiory’s brother pushes him to get better when they The cost of living in Tokyo is very high. It’s not a
play tennis. cheap place to live.
train /treɪn/ verb find time /faɪnd ˈtaɪm/ phrase
if you train for something, especially sports, you if you say you find time for something, you mean
practise it until you do it well you need to plan time for it in your day
Sevcan is training for a 10km cycling race. find time to, find time for
advise /ədˈvaɪz/ verb Eliza tries to find time to play the piano for half an
if you advise someone, you tell them what you think hour every day.
they should do race /reɪs/ verb
The doctor advised Kangdae to get more sleep. if you race in a sport, you join a competition in it
force /fɔː(r)s/ verb Max wants to race in the competition next week.
if you force someone to do something, you make
them do it even if they don’t want to do it
The boy forced me to give him my ball.

15 © Cengαge Leαrning, Inc.

 PRE-INTERMEDIATE UNIT 4 Wordlist

tiring /ˈtaɪərɪŋ/ adjective executive /ɪɡˈzekjʊtɪv/ noun

something that is tiring uses all your energy an executive is a person who is a very important
It was so tiring running after the children all day. manager in a business
The executive went to a meeting with the owner of
confident /ˈkɒnfɪd(ə)nt/ adjective
the company.
someone who is confident can do something very
well expert /ˈekspɜː(r)t/ noun
Anaiis is confident that she will get an A in the an expert is someone who is very skilled in
vocabulary test. something or knows a lot about it
Rei is an expert in finance.
qualify /ˈkwɒlɪfaɪ/ verb
if you qualify for something in sport, you pass and challenge /ˈtʃælɪndʒ/ noun
go to the next level a challenge is something that is difficult and tests
Beatrys hopes to qualify for the Olympic team. your skills to do it
Today’s exam was a real challenge.
PAGE 51 praise /preɪz/ noun
praise is the words you say to show that you admire
intention /ɪnˈtenʃ(ə)n/ noun someone or something
an intention is something you want and plan to do Nadezhda deserved the praise she received today for
Ping went shopping with the intention to buy a new saving that boy.
camera.
punish /ˈpʌnɪʃ/ verb
arrangement /əˈreɪndʒmənt/ noun if you punish someone, you make them suffer for
an arrangement is a plan to do something doing something wrong or bad
Adriel made all the arrangements for the party. My parents used to punish me by taking away my
phone.
PAGE 52 purpose /ˈpɜːpəs/ noun
a purpose is a reason or plan that guides what you
motivate /ˈməʊtɪveɪt/ verb
do
if you motivate someone to do something, you
make them excited to do it What’s the purpose of your visit?
Being able to motivate others is a great skill to have. reward /rəˈwɔːd/ noun
a reward is something you give to someone for
scientist /ˈsaɪəntɪst/ noun
doing something well or something good
a scientist is a person who studies or works in
science He deserves a reward for his hard work.
Albert Einstein was a famous scientist. argue /ˈɑː(r)ɡju/ verb
if you argue with someone, you disagree with them
mathematician /ˌmæθ(ə)məˈtɪʃ(ə)n/ noun
angrily
a mathematician is a person who studies or works
with mathematics Mel didn’t want to argue with her sisters.
Sean is not a very good mathematician. offer /ˈɒfə(r)/ verb
when you offer someone something, you give it to
author /ˈɔːθə(r)/ noun
them
an author is a person who writes books
Dante offered me a ride to work this morning.
Burton wants to be an author and write novels.
external /ɪkˈstɜː(r)n(ə)l/ adjective
skier /ˈskiːə(r)/ noun
something that is external comes from outside
a skier is a person who skis either on water or snow
The house has one external door that leads outside.
The skier moved down the mountain smoothly on
their skis.

16 © Cengαge Leαrning, Inc.

 PRE-INTERMEDIATE UNIT 4 Wordlist

punishment /ˈpʌnɪʃmənt/ noun embarrassed /ɪmˈbærəst/ adjective

punishment is the act of punishing someone, with a if you feel embarrassed, you feel ashamed or shy
fine or a task, for doing something wrong from too much attention from other people
The punishment for the crime was very strict. Sameera feels embarrassed when she has to sing in
front of other people.
PAGE 53
PAGE 55
lawyer /ˈlɔːjə(r)/ noun
a lawyer is someone whose job is to advise people work with others /wɜː(r)k wɪð ˈʌðə(r)s/ phrase
about the law and speak for them in court if you work with others, you work together to
Sergei needed a lawyer when he went to court. achieve a goal
Shemar works very well with others, so people enjoy
competitive /kəmˈpetətɪv/ adjective
working with him.
if a person is competitive, they always want to win
and be the best out of focus /ˈaʊt ɒv ˈfəʊkəs/ adjective
Kyle is a very competitive person who doesn’t like to something that is out of focus is not clear or easy to
lose. see well
That photograph is very out of focus!
experiment /ɪkˈsperɪmənt/ noun
an experiment is a scientific test you do to learn if accidentally /ˌæksɪˈdent(ə)li/ adverb
something is true if you do something accidentally, you don’t plan to
The experiment showed everyone that my idea was do it
right. Petri accidentally knocked the cup off the table and
lock out /lɒk ˈaʊt/ phrasal verb broke it.
if you lock someone or something out of a place,
you lock the door to stop them from coming inside PAGE 56
again
reflect /rɪˈflekt/ verb
I didn’t mean to lock myself out of my car, but I lost
my keys. if you reflect on something, you think about it very
carefully and seriously
vibrate /vaɪˈbreɪt/ verb to reflect
if something vibrates, it moves in a steady but fast
She paused to reflect on what she had achieved.
back and forth movement
The floor started to vibrate when my music was too realistic /ˌrɪəˈlɪstɪk/ adjective
loud. if you are realistic, you see things as they really are
and are practical
Prakesh needs to set realistic deadlines for himself.
PAGE 54
suggestion /səˈdʒestʃ(ə)n/ noun PAGE 57
if you make a suggestion, you offer an idea for
someone to think about username /ˈjuːzə(r)ˌneɪm/ noun
make a suggestion a username is the special name you choose, or are
given, when you join a website or an app
Qiang made a great suggestion in the meeting
yesterday. Anwar couldn’t play the game last night because he
forgot his username.
flatmate /ˈflætˌmeɪt/ noun
a flatmate is someone who lives in the same flat as response /rɪˈspɒns/ noun
you a response is a reply or answer to a question
Albetza’s flatmate goes to the same university as her. The company did not give a response to my email.

17 © Cengαge Leαrning, Inc.

 PRE-INTERMEDIATE UNIT 5 Wordlist

5 Home and away

PAGE 59 PAGE 60
context /ˈkɒntekst/ noun calm /kɑːm/ adjective
the context is all the other words that were said or somewhere that is calm is relaxing and not loud
written at the same time as the word you are trying The city was calm and quiet again after the
to understand weekend’s concert.
taken in/out of charity /ˈtʃærəti/ noun
Read the quote in the correct context so that the a charity is an organization that helps people who
meaning is clear. don’t have money, food or homes
review /rɪˈvjuː/ noun The Red Cross is a charity that has helped many
a review is an article in a newspaper or magazine, people over 100 years.
or online, that says a book, film, play, game, etc. is in a mess /ɪn eɪ ˈmes/ phrase
good or bad
if a place is in a mess, it is dirty and/or untidy
The review was so positive that I wanted to read the
Their house was in such a mess and hadn’t been
book.
cleaned in days.
consequence /ˈkɒnsɪkwəns/ noun
pile /paɪl/ noun
a consequence is the result of a specific action or
a pile is many things put on top of each other
choice
He found an old photo between a pile of books.
There are always consequences for our actions.
stuff /stʌf/ noun
extreme /ɪkˈstriːm/ adjective
stuff is a general word used to refer to a group of
something that is extreme has a large amount or is
things or ideas without saying exactly what they are
very serious and unusual
What’s the sticky stuff on the carpet?
The heat can be extreme in the desert.
throw away /ˈθrəʊ əˈweɪ/ phrasal verb
flexible /ˈfleksəb(ə)l/ adjective
if you throw away things, you no longer want them
something that is flexible can change easily to
different situations Don’t throw away that food; I’ll eat it later.
Our working hours are flexible as long as we work 40 tidy up /ˈtaɪdi ʌp/ phrasal verb
hours per week. if you tidy up a place, you make it look clean and
neat by putting things in the right place
houseboat /ˈhaʊsˌbəʊt/ noun
a houseboat is a large boat that is turned into a Please help me to tidy up these papers in my office.
home on water organization /ˌɔː(r)ɡənaɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/ noun
Harry lives on the river in a houseboat. an organization is an official group of people who
work together to achieve a purpose
opportunity /ˌɒpə(r)ˈtjuːnəti/ noun
an opportunity is a chance you have to do The organization has raised a lot of money to help
something or go somewhere people build new homes.
Jibri has an exciting opportunity to move to New method /ˈmeθəd/ noun
Zealand. a method is a way of doing something, usually in a
way that has certain steps to it
Alicia created a new method to bake the cake.

LEARNING 18 © Cengαge Leαrning, Inc.

 PRE-INTERMEDIATE UNIT 5 Wordlist

PAGE 61 PAGE 63
develop /dɪˈveləp/ verb karaoke /ˌkæriˈəʊki/ noun
if you develop something, you create something karaoke is a type of entertainment with just music
new so you can sing the words of the songs
We are trying to develop a new way to sell this Let’s do some karaoke tonight after dinner.
product. air conditioning /ˈeə(r) kənˈdɪʃ(ə)nɪŋ/ noun
series /ˈsɪəriːz/ noun air conditioning is a system in cars and buildings
a series is a group of TV or radio shows that have that makes the air cooler
the same characters or story You have to have air conditioning in Daegu, South
The new series on TV is so funny. Korea, because it gets so hot in summer.
best-selling /ˈbest ˈselɪŋ/ adjective allow /əˈlaʊ/ verb
something that is best-selling has more people if you allow someone to do something, you let them
buying it than other things like it during a specific do it
time This hotel does not allow people to bring their pets.
Jake’s book is the best-selling one of the year!
life-changing /ˈlaɪf tʃeɪndʒɪŋ/ adjective PAGE 64
something that is life-changing makes a big change
to the way you think, do or feel about things around weird /wɪə(r)d/ adjective
you something that is weird is unexpected, unusual or
Jelena’s decision to become a teacher was life- strange
changing for her. Khairi thought it was weird when he couldn’t find his
keys on the table.
recommend /ˌrekəˈmend/ verb
if you recommend that someone does something, disgusting /dɪsˈɡʌstɪŋ/ adjective
you tell them you think it’s a good idea to do it something that is disgusting is extremely unpleasant
Can you recommend a good dictionary? The smell of rotten fish is disgusting.
emotional /ɪˈməʊʃ(ə)nəl/ adjective enormous /ɪˈnɔːməs/ adjective
when you do something for emotional reasons, you something that is enormous is very big in size or
do it because you have strong feelings about it number
Shevehenko made an emotional return to his first The Pacific Ocean contains an enormous amount of
football club. water.
filthy /ˈfɪlθi/ adjective
PAGE 62 something that is filthy is extremely dirty
Kara’s hands were filthy after working in the garden.
windsurfing /ˈwɪn(d)ˌsɜː(r)fɪŋ/ noun
freezing /ˈfriːzɪŋ/ adjective
windsurfing is a sport where you stand on a board
that has a sail and the wind blows into it to move something that is freezing is very, very cold
you along It’s freezing tonight. The temperature is below 0
Khairi wants to try windsurfing when he goes to degrees celsius.
Australia. spectacular /spekˈtækjələ(r)/ adjective
hiking /ˈhaɪkɪŋ/ noun something that is spectacular is very surprising,
if you go hiking, you go for a long walk, usually in exciting or good
the countryside or mountains This morning’s sunrise was spectacular.
go hiking tiny /ˈtaɪni/ adjective
We’re going to do some hiking this summer. something that is tiny is very, very small
The baby’s hands are tiny.

19 © Cengαge Leαrning, Inc.

 PRE-INTERMEDIATE UNIT 5 Wordlist

worse /wɜː(r)s/ adjective host /həʊst/ noun

something that is worse is more unpleasant or a host is a person who entertains guests either at the
difficult than something else that is also bad host’s home or somewhere else
get worse Ivanka was a great host to Alexis and Cade when
Koban’s headache is worse today than it was they visited her in SLovakia.
yesterday. hostel /ˈhɒst(ə)l/ noun
survey /ˈsɜː(r)veɪ/ noun a hostel is a cheap type of accommodation for
a survey is a set of questions you ask people as part travellers
of a scientific study Elif and Tova stayed in hostels while doing a bike trip
Ivanna is busy doing a survey as part of her research. through Thailand.
local /ˈləʊk(ə)l/ adjective bench /bentʃ/ noun
someone who is local comes from that place in an a bench is a long seat for two or more people and is
area or a town usually made out of metal or wood
Miona has lived in Brno her whole life and is local to Rai likes to read on a bench in the park near her flat.
the city.
particularly /pə(r)ˈtɪkjʊlə(r)li/ adverb PAGE 65
particularly means more than usual or especially
shocked /ʃɒkt/ adjective
I was particularly impressed by Prof. Lacquet’s class someone who is shocked is very surprised or upset
today.
Natania was shocked to see learn how much the
mission /ˈmɪʃ(ə)n/ noun price of petrol had increased this month.
a mission is a purpose or specific task that someone
campsite /ˈkæmpˌsaɪt/ noun
does
a campsite is a place where you can stay in a tent on
The navy is on a search and rescue mission.
holiday
remote /rɪˈməʊt/ adjective The campsite in Dubrovnik was so busy, with more
a place that is remote is usually small and far away than 100 people staying there.
from cities
overnight /ˌəʊvə(r)ˈnaɪt/ adjective
Anya lives in a remote village with 1 000 people.
something that is overnight happens during the
tropical /ˈtrɒpɪk(ə)l/ adjective night
a tropical place is somewhere that is very hot We had an overnight stop in Istanbul on our way to
throughout the year Mexico.
Thailand and The Philippines are both tropical persuade /pə(r)ˈsweɪd/ verb
countries. if you persuade someone to do something, you talk
tent /tent/ noun to them a lot about it until they agree to do it
a tent is a shelter you can sleep in, made of metal Leonard couldn’t persuade Sheldon to take the bus
poles and cloth and ropes to work that morning.
We slept in a tent on the beach when we went capsule hotel /ˈkæpsjuːl həʊˈtel/ noun
windsurfing this weekend. a capsule hotel is a very small room, with no
hammock /ˈhæmək/ noun bathroom, that is only big enough for a bed
a hammock is a bed made of canvas or net that is The capsule hotel Iderse stayed in in Tokyo was tiny
hung between two trees or poles outdoors but comfortable.
Wendy likes to relax in her hammock and watch the bed and breakfast /ˈbed ænd ˈbrekfəst/ noun
ocean. bed and breakfast hotels or guest houses are a
teammate /ˈtiːmˌmeɪt/ noun room to sleep in with a meal in the morning for a set
a teammate is someone who is in the same group as price
you in sports We stayed in a lovely bed and breakfast for the
Fakir has 10 teammates in his football team. weekend in Swansea.

20 © Cengαge Leαrning, Inc.

 PRE-INTERMEDIATE UNIT 5 Wordlist

PAGE 66 have time /ˈhæv taɪm/ phrase

if you say you have time for something or someone,
flexibility /ˌfleksəˈbɪləti/ noun you mean you can use an amount of time for
flexibility is when you can change or be changed something
easily as needed by a situation have time for, have time to
The flexibility of distance learning is perfect for Do you have time to go to the shops for me?
people working and studying at the same time.
translate /trænsˈleɪt/ verb PAGE 68
if you translate something, you change the words
from one language to another language look forward /ˈlʊk ˈfɔː(r)wə(r)d/ phrasal verb
Please translate this text from Serbian to Amharic. if you look forward to something, you feel happy or
excited for it to happen
catch up /ˈkætʃ ʌp/ phrasal verb
Eliska is looking forward to moving to Israel next
when you catch up with someone, you see them
month.
again after not seeing them for a long time and talk
about what you have been doing prioritize /praɪˈɒrɪtaɪz/ verb
Let’s get together this Saturday and catch up over if you prioritize something, you choose to do it first
coffee. before anything else
make yourself at home /ˈmeɪk jə(r)ˈself æt Being able to prioritize tasks well is a good skill to
ˈhəʊm/ phrase have.
if you say you make yourself at home, you mean magnificent /mæɡˈnɪfɪs(ə)nt/ adjective
you feel relaxed and comfortable in a place like it’s something that is magnificent is very good or
your own house beautiful
When Annicka arrived at the house, Shaina said, Deidre has an absolutely magnificent garden.
‘Make yourself at home.’
access /ˈækses/ noun
access to something is permission to use it
PAGE 67 The price includes access to various online resources.
get up /ˈget ʌp/ phrasal verb terrace /ˈterəs/ noun
if you get up, you leave your bed after sleeping a terrace is a flat area outside a house or building
I usually get up at 5:00 a.m. during the week so I can where you can sit and relax
get to work by 7:00 a.m. The office has a lovely terrace where we can eat our
lunch.
annoyed /əˈnɔɪd/ adjective
someone who is annoyed is angry or upset rental /ˈrent(ə)l/ adjective
annoyed at, annoyed with, annoyed by a rental is a house or flat that you can pay money to
Yasira was annoyed with Ivor when he didn’t respond stay at on holiday or live in
to her emails at work. Catalina is looking for a rental for six months while
she works in Prague.
talkative /ˈtɔːkətɪv/ adjective
someone who is talkative talks a lot arrival /əˈraɪv(ə)l/ noun
Shoshana is very talkative and talks to everyone. an arrival is the time you appear at a place
Our flight’s arrival time is set for 18:00 tomorrow.
quiet /ˈkwaɪət/ adjective
someone who is quiet talks very little around people pick up /ˈpɪk ʌp/ phrasal verb
Yaseen is a rather quiet person who doesn’t like to if you pick up something, you collect it from
talk much. someone
Taj will pick up the keys from you next Tuesday.

21 © Cengαge Leαrning, Inc.

 PRE-INTERMEDIATE UNIT 5 Wordlist

provide prəˈvaɪd/ verb

if you provide something, you give people
something they need at a specific time
We will provide lunch during the workshop.
check-in /ˈtʃek ɪn/ noun
check-in is the process you do when you arrive at a
hotel, rental, airport etc. where you give your details
and get the key for your room
Check-in can be done between 14:00 and 18:00.
let you in /ˈlet juː ɪn/ phrasal verb
if someone lets you in somewhere, they open a
gate/door and give you access
Raina will let you in when you arrive at the house.
help yourself /ˈhelp jə(r)ˈself/ phrase
if you tell someone help yourself, you mean you are
giving them permission to do or use something
Please help yourself to sugar and milk for your tea.

PAGE 69
arrange /əˈreɪndʒ/ verb
if you arrange something, you make a plan to do it
Let’s arrange a time to go and watch a film together.
availability /əˌveɪləˈbɪləti/ noun
availability is when something is able to be used or
done
The availability of flights is limited during the
summer.
nearby /ˌnɪə(r)ˈbaɪ/ adverb
if something is nearby, it is close and not far away
Is there a bus stop nearby?
essential /ɪˈsenʃ(ə)l/ adjective
something that is essential, is very important
Previous experience is essential for this job.

22 © Cengαge Leαrning, Inc.

 PRE-INTERMEDIATE UNIT 6 Wordlist

6 Journeys
PAGE 71 community /kəˈmjuːnəti/ noun
a community is a group of people who share a way
backpacking /ˈbækˌpækɪŋ/ noun of living, interests, jobs, etc.
backpacking is when you travel in a cheap way and The community is creating a shared garden where
usually camp or stay in hostels everyone can grow vegetables.
Voula and Gregori are going backpacking in Laos
way of life /weɪ əv ˈlaɪf/ phrase
next month.
a way of life is how you choose to live your life
stupidly /ˈstjuːpɪdli/ adverb either as an individual or in a group
if you do something stupidly, you do it in a silly way YeSeong adapted easily to the Finnish way of life.
We stupidly locked the keys in the car.
scenery /ˈsiːnəri/ noun
alternative /ɔːlˈtɜː(r)nətɪv/ adjective scenery is the natural world that you see around
something that is alternative is different to the first you, especially in the countryside
choice The village has beautiful scenery that you’ll love.
As some of the roads are blocked, drivers must use
an alternative route.
PAGE 72
trail /treɪl/ noun
a trail is a path through a forest or on a mountain or goggles /ˈɡɒɡ(ə)lz/ noun
similar place that people walk, hike or run on goggles are a special pair of glasses that you wear
This hiking trail goes through a forest and has some over your eyes to keep them safe from things like
hills in it. dust, wind, snow, water, etc.
You must wear goggles when you ski to protect your
rural /ˈrʊərəl/ adjective
eyes from the snow and wind.
somewhere that is rural, is not in a town or a city
Leila’s family moved from New Delhi to a rural town. helmet /ˈhelmɪt/ noun
a helmet is a hard hat you wear to protect your head
rough /rʌf/ adjective
My bike helmet is uncomfortable to wear, but I have
something that is rough is not smooth to touch to wear it when cycling.
The skin on her hands was hard and rough.
lifejacket /ˈlaɪfˌdʒækɪt/ noun
narrow /ˈnærəʊ/ adjective a lifejacket is a special vest you wear, usually over
something that is narrow is thin and doesn’t have clothes or a swimsuit, that helps you to float in water
much space on the sides When Paolo fell into the water, she was glad she was
The door was too narrow to carry the bed through it. wearing a lifejacket to help her float.
sack /sæk/ noun waterproof /ˈwɔːtə(r)ˌpruːf/ adjective
a sack is a large bag made of paper, plastic or cloth something that is waterproof stops water from
that is used to carry or keep things in going through or in to it
There’s a sack of potatoes on the floor next to the Kensu’s new watch is waterproof, so he can wear it
stove. while swimming.
destination /ˌdestɪˈneɪʃ(ə)n/ noun wetsuit /ˈwetˌsuːt/ noun
a destination is the place that you are going to a wetsuit is a special suit made of rubber that is
Phuket is a popular destination for people who want right on your body and keeps you warm in water
to go to the beach on holiday. Olivier always wears his wetsuit when he goes surfing
in the morning.

LEARNING 23 © Cengαge Leαrning, Inc.

 PRE-INTERMEDIATE UNIT 6 Wordlist

complicated /ˈkɒmplɪˌkeɪtɪd/ adjective manage /ˈmænɪdʒ/ verb

something that is complicated, has many parts to it if you manage to do something, you are successful
and is difficult to understand in doing it
This is a complicated maths problem, but I’m sure I How do you manage to keep your house so clean
can work out the right answer. with three small children?
border /ˈbɔː(r)də(r)/ noun
PAGE 73 a border is the line that says where one country ends
and another country starts
average /ˈæv(ə)rɪdʒ/ adjective
Oleg lives in Estonia but near the border of Latvia.
something that is average is usual or common
According to research, the average person watches nest /nest/ noun
nearly three hours of TV daily. a nest is like a house that birds build with straw,
feathers and other things they find on the ground
range /reɪndʒ/ verb
There are four eggs in the bird’s nest.
when two or more things range from each other,
they have a higher and a lower number to show the
difference between them PAGE 77
The time it takes to fly from Tel Aviv to Beijing ranges board /bɔːd/ verb
from seven and a half to 17 hours.
when you board a train, bus, boat or airplane, you
stressful /ˈstresf(ə)l/ adjective get inside it to travel on it
something that is stressful, makes you feel worried You can board the plane at 8:45 p.m.
so you can’t relax
land /lænd/ verb
Yannick deals with stressful situations very well.
when you land, you arrive at a place
snowboard /ˈsnəʊˌbɔː(r)d/ verb The plane will land in Copenhagen on time.
you snowboard by standing with both feet on a
long board that lets you move over snow queue /kjuː/ noun
a queue is a line of people or transport that are
Dorien likes to snowboard on weekends during the
waiting in a line to do something or go somewhere
winter when the snow is thick.
We got into the queue to buy our tickets for the
paddleboard /ˈpæd(ə)lˈbɔː(r)d/ verb show.
you paddleboard by standing on a long board and
using a special stick to move over water set off /set ˈɒf/ phrasal verb
if you set off somewhere, you start your journey to
Zoe lives next to a lake, so she paddleboards across
go there
the water every morning.
We’ll set off on our road trip at 3:00 a.m. on
safety /ˈseɪfti/ noun Thursday.
safety is the condition of being safe from danger
take off /teɪk ˈɒf/ phrasal verb
The children were led to a place of safety.
when you take off, the plane you are travelling on
leaves the ground and starts to fly
PAGE 76 Catalina’s ears always hurt from the extra pressure
when a plane takes off.
birdwatcher /ˈbɜː(r)d ˌwɒtʃə(r)/ noun
a birdwatcher is someone who enjoys looking at item /ˈaɪtəm/ noun
birds in a natural setting and identifying the type of an item is a single thing on a list or part of a set of
birds they see things
The birdwatcher saw many eagles yesterday and took You may pay for each item separately.
lots of photos. search /sɜː(r)tʃ/ verb
hatch /hætʃ/ verb if someone searches your bag, usually before
if a baby bird or animal hatches, it breaks open its travelling, they look in it to see if you have anything
eggshell and is born illegal or dangerous inside it
It was interesting to watch the baby birds hatch from When we arrived at the airport, we had to open our
their eggs. bags for the staff to search them.

24 © Cengαge Leαrning, Inc.

 PRE-INTERMEDIATE UNIT 6 Wordlist

nervous /ˈnɜː(r)vəs/ adjective PAGE 80

if you are nervous about something, you feel scared
Zied is nervous about his driving exam tomorrow, but schedule /ˈʃedjuːl/ noun
I’m sure he’ll pass. a schedule is a list of things and the time they will
happen
intend /ɪnˈtend/ verb
Let me check my schedule to see if I can meet with
if you intend to do something, you have a plan to you then.
do it
I intend to go to bed early tonight. roller skating /ˈrəʊlə(r) ˈskeɪtɪŋ/ noun
roller skating is an activity you do on a piece of hard
afford /əˈfɔːd/ verb ground in special shoes that have four small wheels
if you can’t afford something, you don’t have on the bottom of them
enough money to buy it Roller skating used to be a popular activity to do in
I can’t afford to buy a new computer right now. the 1990s.
time off /ˈtaɪm ɒf/ phrase skater /ˈskeɪtə(r)/ noun
if you say you will take time off from something, you a skater is someone who goes roller skating or ice
mean you won’t do it for a set period of time skating
take time off, have time off The skater seemed to fly over the ice with graceful
I hope to take time off work for a week or two to movements.
visit my parents.
bunk /bʌŋk/ noun
a bunk is a bed in a hostel that is cheap and usually
PAGE 78 in a shared room with other people
My bunk in the hostel was in a noisy room, with
infuriating /ɪnˈfjʊəriˌeɪtɪŋ/ verb
many people.
if something is infuriating, it makes you very, very
angry hire /ˈhaɪə(r)/ verb
The constant noise from the machine was infuriating. if you hire something, you pay money to use it for a
certain amount of time
incomprehensible /ɪnˌkɒmprɪˈhensəb(ə)l/ noun
Liz will hire a car to drive when she goes to Greece
if something is incomprehensible, it is impossible to
on holiday.
understand it
The application form was so complicated that is was
incomprehensible. PAGE 81
summarize /ˈsʌməraɪz/ verb timetable /ˈtaɪmˌteɪb(ə)l/ noun
when you summarize something, you mention only a timetable is a list of times that a type of transport
the most important parts of it follows
I need to summarize this book in one page. The bus timetable has changed, so check it before
you leave the house.
PAGE 79 appropriate /əˈprəʊpriət/ adjective
if something is appropriate, it is right for a specific
catch /kæʧ/ verb use or time
if you don’t catch what someone says, you don’t
Jeans are not appropriate for a formal party in many
hear it
countries.
Please could you repeat that. I didn’t catch it.
wake-up call /ˈweɪk ʌp ˈkɔːl/ noun
a wake-up call is a phone call the reception desk at
a hotel makes to you to wake you up in the morning
Please ask for a wake-up call at the hotel so you
don’t oversleep.

25 © Cengαge Leαrning, Inc.

 PRE-INTERMEDIATE UNIT 7 Wordlist

7 Insipration for change

PAGE 83 wipe /waɪp/ verb
if you wipe something, you clean it or dry it by using
inspiration /ˌɪnspəˈreɪʃ(ə)n/ noun a cloth on it
an inspiration is someone or something that gives Please wipe the board clean so that I can write on it.
you ideas on how to do something
windscreen wiper /ˈwɪn(d)ˌskriːn ˈwaɪpə(r)/ noun
His wife was the inspiration for the main character in
the book. a windscreen wiper is part of a car that moves with
water across the glass on the front screen to clean it
change /tʃeɪndʒ/ noun When it started raining, Naïm turned on the
a change is a new experience of something you windscreen wipers so he could see clearly.
haven’t done or seen before
material /məˈtɪəriəl/ noun
Amalia needed a change, so she decided to do some
volunteer work. a material is cloth used to make clothes, curtains
and similar things
predict /prɪˈdɪkt/ verb The material of Janez’s dress has red and blue lines.
if you predict something, you say that it will happen
in the future some time adhesive /ədˈhiːsɪv/ noun
It’s difficult to predict which team will win in an adhesive is something that is sticky and can join
tomorrow’s game. things together
The sheets are glued together with strong adhesive.
inspire /ɪnˈspaɪə(r)/ verb
if you inspire someone, you make them want to do erase /ɪˈreɪz/ verb
something or feel that they are able to do it if you erase something, you wipe or rub away marks
Léandre inspires her team to work harder. on it to clean it
Make light pencil lines so that you can erase them
straw /strɔː/ noun easily.
straw is the long part of a plant that is dried and
often given to animals to eat or sleep on apart /əˈpɑː(r)t/ adverb
The sheep ate the straw that the farmer gave them. when two things are apart, there is a distance or
period of time between them
The house stands apart from the village.
PAGE 84
wheelchair /ˈwiːlˌtʃeə(r)/ noun
invention /ɪnˈvenʃ(ə)n/ noun a wheelchair is a special chair, usually with two
an invention is something new that is designed or wheels on it, that someone who cannot walk uses to
created for the first time move around
The invention of the internet changed the way Ruseya struggles to walk, so she uses a wheelchair to
people connected around the world. move around.
inventor /ɪnˈventə(r)/ noun
an inventor is a person who thinks of new things to PAGE 85
design or make that no one else has done before
frequently /ˈfriːkwəntli/ adverb
The machine is named after its inventor.
when something happens frequently, it happens
accidentally /ˌæksɪˈdent(ə)li/ adverb often
when something happens accidentally, it is not Marin frequently donates money to charity.
planned and happens by mistake
Rey accidentally knocked over the glass and broke it.

LEARNING 26 © Cengαge Leαrning, Inc.

 PRE-INTERMEDIATE UNIT 7 Wordlist

covered /ˈkʌvə(r)d/ adjective PAGE 86

something that is covered in something, it has a
layer of something else on top of it waste collector /weɪst kəˈlektə(r)/ noun
After playing outside, Ilyan’s clothes were covered in a waste collector is a person whose job it is to
dirt. collect the rubbish from outside buildings and houses
The waste collectors empty our bins every Friday.
idea /aɪˈdɪə/ noun
an idea is a thought or a picture of something you rubbish bin /ˈrʌbɪʃ bɪn/ noun
have in your mind a rubbish bin is something that you use to hold the
The surprise party was Niamh’s idea. things you don’t want any more
Put the empty box in the rubbish bin.
equipment /ɪˈkwɪpmənt/ noun
equipment is the tools or things you need for a alongside /əˈlɒŋsʌɪd/ adverb
specific task or reason like sport something that is alongside something else is next
We need to hire the right equipment for the job. to it
The children lined up alongside the teacher before
protective vest /prəˈtektɪv vest/ noun
going into class.
a protective vest is a special piece of clothing police
officers wear over their chest to keep them safe triathlon /trʌɪˈaθlɒn/ noun
Police and security officers wear protective vests as a triathlon is a sports competition that includes
part of their uniform in some countries. running, swimming and cycling in one race
Denny is training for a triathlon; swimming is his
blind /blaɪnd/ noun
worst event.
a blind person is not able to see anything with their
eyes
Augustin’s grandmother is blind, so she can’t see PAGE 88
anymore. elision /ɪˈlɪʒ(ə)n/ noun
visually impaired /ˈvɪʒʊəli ɪmˈpeə(r)d/ noun elision is when you join two words or leave out
a visually impaired person cannot see well or some of the sounds of a word when saying it
clearly with their eyes Saying ‘gonna’ instead of ‘going to’ is an example of
The visually impaired student listens to their notes. elision.
raised /reɪzd/ adjective packet /ˈpækɪt/ noun
something that is raised, is slightly higher than the a packet is a small paper or plastic bag that holds
things around it food
The stage was raised so that it was higher than the Paul tore open the packet of sweets and started
rest of the hall. eating them.
pedestrian /pəˈdestriən/ noun volunteer /ˌvɒlənˈtɪə(r)/ verb
a pedestrian is a person who walks instead of using if you volunteer to do something, you do it without
a vehicle being asked or being paid to do it
The pedestrian walked safely across the road when Léon wants to volunteer to work with Doctors
the light turned green. without Borders.
industry /ˈɪndəstri/ noun incredible /ɪnˈkredəb(ə)l/ adjective
an industry is a type of business if something is incredible, it is very good or exciting
The IT industry keeps growing bigger every year. The view of the mountains from the house is
incredible.
spaceship /ˈspeɪsˌʃɪp/ noun
a spaceship is a type of vehicle that transports recycle /ˌriːˈsaɪkl/ verb
people to the moon or other planets when you recycle things like paper, plastic and glass,
The spaceship blasted off into space. you clean them in a special process so that they can
be used again
The Japanese recycle more than half of their waste
paper.

27 © Cengαge Leαrning, Inc.

 PRE-INTERMEDIATE UNIT 7 Wordlist

coast /kəʊst/ noun rise /ˈraɪz/ adjective

the coast is the land that is next to or very close to something that rises, gets higher and moves upward
the sea When water boils, bubbles rise to the surface.
Ayoub drove along the coast, with beautiful views of genuine /ˈdʒenjuɪn/ adjective
the sea.
if someone’s behaviour is genuine, it seems very real
and true
PAGE 89 When Valentin speaks, you can hear the genuine joy
and happiness in her voice.
care about /keə(r) əˈbaʊt/ phrasal verb
if you care about something or someone, you are
very interested in it/them and feel that it is/they are PAGE 93
important
crisis /ˈkraɪsɪs/ noun
I care about you very much.
a crisis is an event that is very bad, difficult and
reuse /ˌriːˈjuːz/ verb dangerous
when you reuse something, you use it again or more The government handled the water crisis very well.
than once
delighted /dɪˈlaɪtɪd/ adjective
You can reuse plastic bags several times.
when you are delighted with something, you are
very happy and excited with it
PAGE 90 Meg was delighted to be invited to Maryam’s party.
values /ˈvæljuːz/ noun
your values are the things in life that you feel and
think are important
Maria and her family have many shared values.
support /səˈpɔː(r)t/ noun
support is the help and encouragement you give to
someone else when things are difficult for them
Many people showed their support for the sports
team despite their loss.

PAGE 91
kayaking /ˈkʌɪakɪŋ/ noun
kayaking is a sport you do along or with another
person in a long boat, with pointed ends
The company offers kayaking and river trips.

PAGE 92
role model /ˈrəʊl ˈmɒd(ə)l/ noun
a role model is a person whose behaviour you try to
copy because they admire them
Brando’s a good role model for everybody in the
company.
respect /rɪˈspekt/ verb
if you respect someone, you admire them because of
the things they know or how they behave
Henri has a lot of respect for how hard Andrej works.

28 © Cengαge Leαrning, Inc.

 PRE-INTERMEDIATE UNIT 8 Wordlist

8 The world of work

PAGE 95 website designer /ˈwebˌsaɪt dɪˈzaɪnə(r)/ noun
a website designer is someone who creates sites on
cause and effect /ˈkɔːz ænd ɪˈfekt/ phrase the internet for people or businesses
cause and effect is the reason something happens Tiago is a well-known web designer and builds
and the result of what happens amazing websites for companies.
The photos showed the cause of the fire and the
effect of it.
PAGE 97
impression /ɪmˈpreʃ(ə)n/ noun
an impression is a feeling or opinion you have about lamplighter /ˈlæmpˌlaɪtə(r)/ noun
a person after meeting with them a lamplighter was a person in the past who was
Janka’s first impression of Oleysa was very positive. paid to carry a long stick with a fire on one end to
light big candles in the streets
solar lights /ˈsəʊlə(r) laɪts/ noun
Since electricity became common, there’s been no
solar lights get their power from the sun instead of need for people to work as lamplighters.
electricity
We will replace the lights outside with solar lights to switchboard operator /ˈswɪtʃˌbɔː(r)d
save money on electricity. ˈɒpəˌreɪtə(r)/ noun
a switchboard operator answers phone calls for a
business and directs the calls to the right person
PAGE 96 The switchboard operator directed over 100 phone
involve /ɪnˈvɒlv/ verb calls to different people in an hour.
if an activity involves something else, that thing is a carriage driver /ˈkærɪdʒ ˈdraɪvə(r)/ noun
necessary part of it a carriage driver is a person who drives a type of
The job involves a lot of international travel. cart pulled by horses that transports people
percentage /pə(r)ˈsentɪdʒ/ noun The carriage driver led the horses so well that the ride
a percentage is a number out of 100 that shows the was smooth.
amount of something else cashier /kæˈʃɪə(r)/ noun
The percentage of women studying maths, science a cashier is the person who takes your money when
and engineering has doubled in the last 10 years. you buy something at a shop
delivery driver /dɪˈlɪv(ə)ri ˈdraɪvə(r)/ noun The cashier gave Brandon change for EUR20.
a delivery driver is someone who takes letters, food computer programmer /kəmˈpjuːtə(r)
or other things to people’s houses or place of work ˈprəʊˌɡræmə(r)/ noun
The delivery driver got lost on the way to our office, a computer programmer writes and tests the codes
so our food was cold when it arrived. computers use to work
parking attendant /ˈpɑː(r)kɪŋ əˈtendənt/ noun The company wants to hire another computer
a parking attendant is someone who helps you programmer to develop their new software.
with your car in a specific place where you can care worker /ˈkeə(r) ˈwɜː(r)kə(r)/ noun
leave it a care worker is someone who helps other people
The parking attendant showed us where to pay for to do personal things like shower and eat because
our parking. they can’t do it themselves
Liesl is looking for a care worker who can help her
grandfather at home.

LEARNING 29 © Cengαge Leαrning, Inc.

 PRE-INTERMEDIATE UNIT 8 Wordlist

postal worker /ˈpəʊst(ə)l ˈwɜː(r)kə(r)/ noun organic /ɔːˈgæn.ɪk/ noun

a postal worker is someone who delivers mail or something that is organic is completely natural and
works in the post office does not include anything man-made
The postal worker told me there was a parcel and The menu includes organic meat and fresh
many letters for me today. vegetables.
vegetable picker /ˈvedʒtəb(ə)l ˈpɪkə(r)/ noun rubber /ˈrʌb.ər/ noun
a vegetable picker is someone who works on a rubber is a strong material that bends easily and is
farm and picks fruit or vegetables when they are ripe used to make other products
In the summer, the farmer needs ten more vegetable Put a rubber band around these cards to hold them
pickers to help with the harvest. together.
green energy /ˈɡriːn ˈenə(r)dʒi/ noun manage /ˈmæn.ɪdʒ/ verb
green energy is energy that we get from natural if you manage someone or a group of people, you
things like water, wind and the sun and use to power control what they do and how they do it
other things Managing people can be a difficult job because you
Solar energy and wind energy are examples of green have to tell them what to do at work.
energy resources. eco-friendly /iːkəʊˈfrɛn(d)li/ adjective
biofuel power /ˈbaɪəʊˌfjuːəl ˈpaʊə(r)/ noun something that is eco-friendly does not hurt the
biofuel power is energy that we get from burning environment
things like cooking oil to make a new type of power The new car’s eco-friendly design should interest
to make machines work many people.
Our new car runs on biofuel power made from old
cooking oil.
PAGE 100
solar power /ˈsəʊlə(r) ˈpaʊə(r)/ noun
solar power is energy that we get from the sun and researcher /rɪˈsɜːtʃə(r)/ noun
can use to make machines work a researcher is someone who studies a topic very
More people are using solar power instead of carefully and in detail, usually to solve a problem
electricity because it is cheaper. The researcher is studying how people learn to speak
different languages.
hydro power /ˈhaɪdrəʊ ˈpaʊə(r)/ noun
hydro power is energy that we get from water and admin assistant /ˈædmɪn əˈsɪstənt/ noun
can use to make machines work an admin assistant is a person who helps other
people with their work in an office
Hydro power works by changing flowing water from
a river or dam into electricity. The admin assistant helped the manager to type all
the reports for the meeting.

PAGE 98 dream job /ˈdriːm dʒɒb/ phrase

if you say a job is your dream job, you mean it is
caravan /ˈkærəvæn/ noun a position that combines your skill and passion for
a caravan is a vehicle that a car pulls and people can something with a way to make money
live in or stay in when on holiday Xavier’s dream job is to be a writer and tell stories.
The family like to use their caravan when they go on mummy /ˈmʌmi/ noun
holiday because it’s cheaper than hotels.
a mummy is a dead body that has been preserved
economics /ˌiː.kəˈnɒm.ɪks/ noun with special chemicals and wrapped in cloth, often in
economics is the study of how business and trade Ancient Egypt
works and money is used The scientists found a 2,000-year-old mummy in the
His plan is to get a degree in economics and then tomb.
work abroad for a year.

30 © Cengαge Leαrning, Inc.

 PRE-INTERMEDIATE UNIT 8 Wordlist

hieroglyphs /ˌhaɪərəˈɡlɪfs/ noun weakness /ˈwiːknəs/ adjective

hieroglyphs are an ancient way of writing in Ancient a weakness is a quality you have that is not good or
Egypt, using picture-like characters for words effective
The hieroglyphs in the tomb told an interesting story The report shows the weaknesses in the industry.
about the family.
symbol /ˈsɪmb(ə)l/ noun PAGE 104
a symbol is an object or a picture that represents
something else education history /ˌedjʊˈkeɪʃ(ə)n ˈhɪst(ə)ri/ phrase
your education history is a list of the schools you’ve
A heart shape is often used as a symbol of love.
attended and what you studied
astronaut /ˈæstrəˌnɔːt/ noun List your full education history on your CV.
an astronaut is a person who is trained to work in
space freelance /ˈfriːlɑːns/ adjective
someone who works freelance does work, usually
The astronaut went to space for one year.
at home, for several different companies for a short
accountant /əˈkaʊntənt/ noun period of time
an accountant is a person who checks that finances Thilo left his full-time job at a company to work as a
are right for a person or a company freelance writer instead.
The accountant worked all night to finish the
enthusiastic /ɪnˌθjuːziˈæstɪk/ adjective
financial report.
someone who is enthusiastic, has or shows a lot of
biologist /baɪˈɒlədʒɪst/ noun interest in things
a biologist is a scientist who studies living things like Pepe is enthusiastic about photography.
plants and animals
outgoing /ˈaʊtɡəʊɪŋ/ adjective
As a biologist, Mohamed is mostly interested in
human genes. someone who is outgoing likes to talk to people and
is interested to learn more about them
Harriet is an outgoing person who enjoys meeting
PAGE 102 new people.
customer service /ˈkʌstəmə(r) ˈsɜː(r)vɪs/ noun curious /ˈkjʊəriəs/ adjective
customer service is the support and advice a someone who is curious wants to learn more about
company gives to the people who use its products or different things
services Karley is a very curious child who likes to try new things.
If you need help with your laptop, contact the
passion /ˈpæʃ(ə)n/ noun
company’s customer service department.
a passion is a strong feeling or liking of something
disrespectful /ˌdɪsrɪˈspektfʊl/ adjective Kiaan has a passion for languages and speaks five
someone who is disrespectful is rude and does not languages.
show any respect
exhibit /ɪɡˈzɪbɪt/ verb
In some countries, it’s disrespectful to keep your
shoes on when you visit someone’s home. if you exhibit your work somewhere, you show it by
putting it on display for other people to look at
Several of Picasso and Dali’s paintings will be
PAGE 103
exhibited next month at The Louvre.
sell oneself /ˈsel wʌnˈself/ phrase publish /ˈpʌblɪʃ/ verb
if you say you sell oneself, you mean to show if you publish work, you make it available for sale to
people all the great things you can do that make the public
them want to hire you The company mostly publishes textbooks.
When applying for a job, it’s important to sell oneself
and have a good CV. conference /ˈkɒnf(ə)rəns/ noun
a conference is a type of meeting that is held to
strength /streŋθ/ adjective discuss a specific topic
a strength is a skill or quality you have Aaron is attending an IT conference in Berlin.
Krishna is an excellent lawyer and has many strengths.

31 © Cengαge Leαrning, Inc.

 PRE-INTERMEDIATE UNIT 9 Wordlist

9 Health and happiness

PAGE 108 condition /kənˈdɪʃ(ə)n/ noun
a condition is an illness
anxiety /æŋˈzaɪəti/ noun Your condition is serious and requires surgery.
anxiety is a feeling of being afraid or worried that
something bad will happen rare /reə(r)/ adjective
Lucas’s voice was filled with anxiety. something that is rare is very unusual or uncommon
That bird is very rare in this country.
extraordinary /ɪkˈstrɔː.dɪn.ər.i/ adjective
something that is extraordinary is unusual or special muscle /ˈmʌs(ə)l/ noun
It took an extraordinary amount of work to finish the a muscle is a part of the body that connects to
report on time. bones and helps us to move
After going to the gym for three hours, Tasha’s
heal /hiːl/ verb
muscles were sore.
if you heal someone or something, you make them
healthy again with medicine
This medicine will help to heal the cut on your arm. PAGE 109
good mood /ˈɡʊd mu:d/ phrase ordinary /ˈɔː.dɪ.nə.ri/ adjective
if you say you are in a good mood, you mean you something that is ordinary is common or not special
are happy Her paintings are of ordinary everyday objects in the
The boss is in a good mood today. home.
operation /ˌɒpəˈreɪʃ(ə)n/ noun burn /bɜːn/ verb
an operation is when a doctor cuts open a person’s if you burn part of your body, you hurt it with heat
body to fix part of it or fire
Mr Jones is very ill and needs an operation. If you stand too close to the fire, you’ll burn yourself.
painkiller /ˈpeɪnˌkɪlə(r)/ noun ironing /ˈaɪə.nɪŋ/ noun
a painkiller is a type of medicine that helps you not ironing is an activity where you use an iron to make
feel any pain and feel better clothes smooth and straight
The doctor gave my grandmother some painkillers There was a lot of ironing to do after a week of
when she broke her hip. being on holiday.
suffer /ˈsʌfə(r)/ verb warning /ˈwɔː.nɪŋ/ adjective
if you suffer from something, you feel pain in your something that is a warning shows or tells you
body or your mind something bad might happen
Many people suffer from mental health issues. Because of her warning, I was careful.
treat /triːt/ verb
signal /ˈsɪg.nəl/ noun
if you treat an illness, you make it better with
a signal is a sign that something might happen
medicine
A red light is used as a danger signal.
The medicine the doctor used to treat my flu worked
very quickly. depression /dɪˈpreʃ.ən/ noun
depression is a sickness that makes you feel very
wound /wuːnd/ noun
worried or unhappy for long periods of time
a wound is a serious cut or similar type of damage
to the skin Some students show signs of depression during exam
periods.
Edith had a small wound on her knee after she fell on
a rock.

LEARNING 32 © Cengαge Leαrning, Inc.

 PRE-INTERMEDIATE UNIT 9 Wordlist

forgetful /fə(r)ˈɡetf(ə)l/ adjective me time /ˈmiː taɪm/ phrase

someone who is forgetful, often forgets things if you say you want or need me time, you mean you
Antonin becomes very forgetful when he is stressed. are planning time for yourself to do what you enjoy
or find relaxing
treatment /ˈtriːt.mənt/ noun
After working so hard this month, I need to take
treatment is when you use medicine or exercise to
some me time and just relax.
make someone feel better or healthy again
The man is receiving treatment for shock after waste /weɪst/ verb
receiving bad news. if you waste something, you use it badly or use too
much when there is a limited amount
post traumatic stress disorder /ˈpəʊst trɔːˈmætɪk
We only have 1m of paper, so we can’t waste any
stres dɪsˈɔː(r)də(r)/ noun
of it.
post traumatic stress disorder is a mental illness
that some people get after seeing or living through
something that is extremely scary and difficult, like PAGE 112
war
switch off /ˈswɪtʃ ɒf/ phrasal verb
Although post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) starts
after a traumatic event, other things also play a role if you switch something off, you make it not work,
in it developing. usually by pressing a button
Please remember to switch off the lights when you
leave the room.
PAGE 110
reusable /riːˈjuːzeɪb(ə)l/ adjective
art /ɑːt/ noun something that is reusable can be used over and
an art is a skill in something specific over again many times
Learning to laugh at difficult things is an art. Johann bought a reusable water bottle that he can
refill when necessary.
do nothing /duː ˈnʌθɪŋ/ phrase
if you say you do nothing, you mean you take no level /ˈlev.əl/ noun
action or just sit and relax something that is level is the same height as
Margaretha is feeling lazy today and wants to do something else
nothing. This bookshelf needs to be level to the others next to
it.
blogger /ˈblɒɡə(r)/ noun
a blogger is a person who writes articles or blog good shape /gʊd ˈʃeɪp/ phrase
posts for a blog a person who is in good shape is healthy and fit,
The blogger writes a new article every day for her usually because they exercise a lot
blog. Matthieu is in such good shape because he spends a
lot of time at the gym.
concept /ˈkɒn.sept/ noun
a concept is an idea or a principle sensible /ˈsent.sə.bl ̩/ adjective
The concept is discussed more fully in Chapter 9. if someone is sensible, they make good choices that
are safe and make sense
slow down /ˈsləʊ daʊn/ phrasal verb
It was sensible of you to lock the door when you
if you slow down, you become more relaxed and
went to bed.
less active
When my parents stopped working, they started to heatstroke /ˈhiːtˌstrəʊk/ noun
slow down and relax more every day. heatstroke is an illness that includes headaches, a
fever and being very hot because a person has spent
schedule /ˈʃedjuːl/ verb too much time in the sun
if you schedule something, you plan a time for it
Giselle spent the whole day lying in the sun and has
Let’s schedule the meeting for next week sometime. heatstroke now.

33 © Cengαge Leαrning, Inc.

 PRE-INTERMEDIATE UNIT 9 Wordlist

camp /kæmp/ noun put on weight ˈpʊt ɒn ˈweɪt/ phrase

a camp is a place with temporary accommodation if you say you have put on weight, you mean you
like tents are fatter and/or heavier
make camp Since having a baby, Palesa has put on a lot of
We made a camp at the top of the mountain after weight.
hiking all day.
exhausted /ɪɡˈzɔːstɪd/ adjective PAGE 115
someone who is exhausted is very, very tired
report /rɪˈpɔːt/ noun
Lashyn hasn’t been sleeping well lately, so she’s a report is a description of something that happens
exhausted. like an event
IV drip /ˈaɪ viː drɪp/ noun Please try to keep the report to a maximum of five
an IV drip is a special bag with a long pipe and a pages.
needle that doctors and nurses use to give people
medicine in hospital
PAGE 116
The nurse put me on an IV drip for a few hours
because I was dehydrated. gratitude /ˈɡrætɪˌtjuːd/ noun
tube /tjuːb/ noun gratitude is the feeling of being thankful for things
a tube is a pipe made of plastic, metal or glass for you have
liquid to flow through She sent her friend a gift to show her gratitude for
Close the tube of toothpaste when you’re finished helping her.
with it. sip /sɪp/ noun
ignore /ɪgˈnɔːr/ verb a sip is a very small drink at a time, not enough to fill
if you ignore something or someone, you don’t pay your mouth
attention to it/them The tea is very hot, so take small sips.
Ignore the last page of the letter; it’s not important.
crocodile /ˈkrɒk.ə.daɪl/ noun PAGE 117
a crocodile is a large reptile, with a long mouth and gardening /ˈgɑː.dən.ɪŋ/ noun
sharp teeth, that lives in lakes and rivers
gardening is the job or activity of growing a garden
Be careful near the river as there are crocodiles in the and making it look beautiful
water. My mother enjoys gardening and planting different
spider /ˈspaɪ.dər/ noun flowers.
a spider is a small animal with eight legs that catches traffic jam /ˈtræfɪk dʒæm/ phrase
and eats insects a traffic jam is when there are so many cars on the
In some cultures, spiders are a symbol of good luck. road that everyone has to drive slowly and it takes
longer to get somewhere
PAGE 113 Hugh was late for the party because there was a
traffic jam on the road.
prevent /prɪˈvent/ verb
if you prevent something, you stop it from
happening
Learn from other people’s mistakes and prevent
yourself from making the same mistakes.
fever /ˈfiː.vər/ noun
if someone has a fever, their body temperature gets
higher because they are sick
Azamat is not feeling well. He has a headache and a
fever.

34 © Cengαge Leαrning, Inc.

 PRE-INTERMEDIATE UNIT 10 Wordlist

10 Entertainment
PAGE 119 after a while /ˈɑːftə(r) eɪ waɪl/ phrase
if you say after a while, you mean a length of time
public /ˈpʌb.lɪk/ adjective that can be a few minutes or a few hours
something that is public is for people in general and Ester went to the party but left after a while because
not only a small group of people she was bored.
Public speaking is a skill that many people have to
tiger /ˈtaɪɡə(r)/ noun
learn to do well.
a tiger is a large wild cat with yellow, orange or
white fur that has black lines on it
PAGE 120 I could see the tiger near the tree because it’s fur was
moral /ˈmɒrəl/ noun such a bright colour.
a moral is a lesson about right and wrong that we goat /ɡəʊt/ noun
learn from a story or event a goat is a small animal that is similar to a sheep, but
The moral of the story ‘The tortoise and the hare’ is with longer legs. It makes milk.
that slow and steady wins the race. The young goat was just starting to grow horns.
folk /fəʊk/ noun
a folk story is a traditional story in a culture PAGE 121
Every culture has its own folk stories that teach
tale /teɪl/ noun
valuable lessons.
a tale is a story with events that are not real
greedy /ˈgriː.di/ adjective A Tale of Two Cities’ is a famous novel by Charles
someone who is greedy wants more of something Dickens.
than they need
tie /taɪ/ verb
The boy was greedy and wanted to eat all the
biscuits on the plate. if you tie something, you attach it to something else
with a rope or a piece of string
jealous /ˈdʒel.əs/ adjective Tie the box to the roof of the car with these ropes.
if someone is jealous, they want something that
someone else has solution /səˈluːʃ(ə)n/ noun
Elias is jealous of the success Timothy has had at a solution is an answer to a problem
work. There’s no simple solution to this problem.
realize /ˈrɪə.laɪz/ verb
if you realize something, you understand something PAGE 122
you didn’t know before
comedy /ˈkɒmədi/ noun
Dario didn’t realize how much his grandmother comedy is a show or a performance that is funny
enjoyed his visits. and makes people laugh
decoration /ˌdek.əˈreɪ.ʃən/ noun My favourite type of show to watch is comedy
a decoration is something that you wear to make because I like jokes.
yourself look more beautiful or special
stare /steə(r)/ verb
Many women wear rings and necklaces as decoration if you stare at something or someone, you look at it/
to make themselves look more attractive. them for a long time without moving your eyes
In some cultures, it’s rude to stare at people.

LEARNING 35 © Cengαge Leαrning, Inc.

 PRE-INTERMEDIATE UNIT 10 Wordlist

ages /eɪdʒɪs/ noun PAGE 126

something that happens for ages, happens for a
long time sense of humour /ˈsens əv ˈhjuːmə(r)/ phrase
It’s been ages since I last went kayaking. if you say you have a sense of humour, you mean
you have the ability to find something funny
microphone /ˈmaɪkrəˌfəʊn/ noun
Jilly has a wonderful sense of humour and laughs
a microphone is a piece of technology that you easily.
speak into to make your voice sound louder
The microphone was not on, so no one could hear intelligent /ɪnˈtel.ɪ.dʒənt/ adjective
Mrs Diaz when she started speaking. someone who is intelligent is very clever and can
learn and understand new things easily
Artur is an intelligent student, but he lacks
PAGE 123 motivation.
costume /ˈkɒstjuːm/ noun stay in touch /steɪ ɪn ˈtʌtʃ/ phrase
a costume is a set of clothes you wear to look like if you say you will stay in touch with someone, you
someone else, especially in a play mean you will contact them often via telephone,
Dante wore a cowboy costume for Halloween. email, letter, etc.
Bibi and her cousin stay in touch through email and
PAGE 124 WhatsApp messages.
benefit /ˈben.ɪ.fɪt/ noun
put out /pʊt ˈaʊt/ phrasal verb
a benefit is something that helps you or gives you an
if you put out something, like a fire, you stop it advantage in something
The rain put out the fire early in the camp last night. Some jobs include benefits like health insurance and
wildfire /ˈwaɪldˌfaɪə(r)/ noun pension plans.
a wildfire is a fire, especially in nature, that burns quality /ˈkwɒl.ə.ti/ noun
quickly over a large area a quality is part of who a person is and how they
There were several wildfires in Australia last year. behave
Loyalty is a good quality for a person to have.
PAGE 125 make time /ˈmeɪk taɪm/ phrasal verb
plot /plɒt/ noun if you make time for someone or something, you
a plot is different events that make the story in a plan time to do it or be with that person
book, play or film Can we make some time to meet next week to
The play has a very simple plot, but the story is choose Anoushka’s gift?
entertaining.
scene /siːn/ noun PAGE 127
a scene is a short part of a story or film where things look forward to /lʊk ˈfɔː(r)wə(r)d tu:/ phrasal verb
happen in one place if you look forward to something, you are excited
The first scene of the novel is set in Scotland. for it to happen
detective /dɪˈtek.tɪv/ noun Sariska is looking forward to visiting Reykjavík.
a detective is a police officer who investigates the socialize /ˈsəʊ.ʃəl.aɪz/ verb
truth about a crime if you socialize, you enjoy the time you spend with
An experienced detective was assigned to the case. other people
Aaminah loves to socialize and has many friends.

36 © Cengαge Leαrning, Inc.

 PRE-INTERMEDIATE UNIT 10 Wordlist

spare /speər/ adjective PAGE 129

something that is spare is available to use because it
is extra and not needed by anyone fabulous /ˈfæb.jə.ləs/ adjective
Do you have a spare pen that I could use? something that is fabulous is very, very good or
exciting
value /ˈvæl.juː/ verb
The new Vietnamese restaurant near Phoebe’s house
if you value someone or something, you think it is is fabulous!
important
Arkhina values living so close to her family and rating /ˈreɪ.tɪŋ/ noun
friends. a rating is a point or mark you give to say how good
something is
What rating would you give this online game?
PAGE 128
recommend /ˌrek.əˈmend/ verb
if you recommend something to someone, you
suggest they do it because it is good
Can you recommend a good dictionary for my
Turkish course?
grassland /ˈɡrɑːsˌlænd/ noun
grasslands are a large part of land that is covered by
grass, often with wild animals
The sheep are eating in the grassland.
giraffe /dʒɪˈrɑːf/ noun
a giraffe is a large animal, with a very long neck and
long legs, that eats leaves
A fully-grown giraffe is 5.5m tall.
zebra /ˈzeb.rə/ noun
a zebra is an animal that looks like a horse with
black and white lines on its body
I once watched a lioness hunting a zebra.
incredible /ɪnˈkred.ə.bl̩/ adjective
something that is incredible is very good and
exciting
The wildflowers will look incredible after this rain.
scare /skeər/ verb
if you scare a person or an animal, you make them
feel afraid
Loud noises can scare animals and small children.
annoying /əˈnɔɪ.ɪŋ/ adjective
if something or someone is annoying, it/they
bother/s you and make/s you unable to enjoy what
you’re doing
My neighbour’s loud music is so annoying that I can’t
sleep.

37 © Cengαge Leαrning, Inc.

 PRE-INTERMEDIATE UNIT 11 Wordlist

11 Challenges
PAGE 130 tag /tæɡ/ verb
if you tag someone in something on social media,
balance /ˈbæləns/ verb you add their name in a post or a photo so they can
if you can balance,you are able to stay standing or see it
up without falling over Tag everyone in the photo when you put it on
Katia is still learning how to balance on skis. Instagram.

PAGE 131 PAGE 133

signpost /ˈsaɪnˌpəʊst/ noun embarrass /ɪmˈbærəs/ verb
a signpost is a signal or a clue that links ideas if you embarrass someone, you make them feel
Signposts in conversation are useful in telling us what nervous or silly
information to focus on. My mother likes to show my friends strange photos
genre /ˈʒɒnrə/ noun of me that embarrass me.
a genre is a category or group of something council /ˈkaʊns(ə)l/ noun
The shop also sells books of various genres. a council is a formal group that provides local
government in a city
postgraduate /ˌpəʊs(t)ˈɡrædʒʊət/ adjective
a postgraduate is a type of studying you do, like a The council is responsible for looking after the library.
masters or doctoral degree, after you get your first community /kəˈmjuːnəti/ noun
university degree a community is the people who live in a specific
Abolfazi plans to start a postgraduate degree at town or area
university next year. We have a very close community in my town.

PAGE 132 PAGE 134

donate /dəʊˈneɪt/ verb rugby /ˈrʌɡbi/ noun
if you donate something, you give money, food, rugby is a sport played by two team with a ball
clothes, etc. to an organization or charity shaped like an egg
Yolyn is sorting out her clothes and will donate the Miraç and his friends like to play rugby on Saturday
clothes she no longer wants. mornings.
go viral /ɡəʊ ˈvaɪrəl/ phrasal verb recover /rɪˈkʌvə(r)/ verb
if something goes viral, it is very popular and if you recover from something, you get better or
spreads very quickly across social media and the healthy again
internet Aletta hopes to recover from her cold quickly.
If a video is funny, it goes viral very quickly.
have access to /hæv ˈækses tu:/ phrasal verb PAGE 136
if you have access to something, you are able to
use it limit /ˈlɪmɪt/ noun
Does the flat have access to a garden? a limit is the biggest possible amount of something
that is allowed
The team performed to the limit of its ability.

LEARNING 38 © Cengαge Leαrning, Inc.

 PRE-INTERMEDIATE UNIT 11 Wordlist

dry suit /ˈdraɪ suːt/ noun

a dry suit is like a big jacket that you wear in cold
water that keeps all the water out
Wearing a dry suit can keep you warm in very cold
water.
trap /træp/ verb
if you trap something, it cannot move or escape
from where you put it
I trapped my coat in the car door when I got out of
the car.
survive /sə(r)ˈvaɪv/ verb
if you survive, you continue to live
People cannot survive for long without water.

PAGE 138
background /ˈbækˌɡraʊnd/ noun
a person’s background is the type of family or social
situation that they come from
I don’t know much about Alaric’s background.
marathon /ˈmærəθ(ə)n/ noun
a marathon is a race you run that is longer
than 40km
Blair is training to run in a marathon next month.

PAGE 139
construction /kənˈstrʌkʃ(ə)n/ noun
construction is the process of building something,
like a building, road or a bridge
There has been a lot of construction in this city in the
last 10 years.

39 © Cengαge Leαrning, Inc.

 PRE-INTERMEDIATE UNIT 12 Wordlist

12 Technology
PAGE 143 PAGE 145
microscope /ˈmaɪkrəˌskəʊp/ noun trash /træʃ/ noun
a microscope is a tool with a lens that makes very trash is something that is not valuable or needed
small things bigger so that we can see them with our anymore
eyes Please remember to empty the trash before you go to
The scientist studied a drop of water under the work.
microscope. treasure /ˈtreʒ.ər/ noun
treasure is an object or objects, like gold, that can
PAGE 144 be valuable
We’re going to look for hidden treasure on the
get rid of (something) /get ˈrɪd əv
beach.
(ˈsʌmθɪŋ)/ phrasal verb
if you get rid of something, you throw it away or hidden /ˈhɪd(ə)n/ adjective
give it to someone because you no longer want it something that is hidden can’t be seen as it’s in a
Eitan wants to get rid of some old furniture in his secret place
house. The necklace was hidden in a box under
Elisavet’s bed.
device /dɪˈvaɪs/ noun
a device is a piece of equipment, like a phone or TV, trainers /ˈtreɪnə(r)z/ noun
that is used for a specific purpose trainers are shoes you wear to run or exercise in
The listening device was hidden inside a pen. Sichuang has a pair of trainers she only wears when
she goes running.
sculpture /ˈskʌlptʃə(r)/ noun
a sculpture is a piece of art that has a 3D shape and circuit board /ˈsɜː(r)kɪt bɔː(r)d/ noun
is made of stone, metal, clay or wood a circuit board is a board that connects different
Szymon’s sculpture of a horse won first prize in the electronic parts of a device safely
competition. The circuit board in my mobile phone got wet so my
phone doesn’t work anymore.
pleasure /ˈpleʒ.ər/ noun
pleasure is a feeling of joy or happiness microchip /ˈmaɪkrəʊˌtʃɪp/ noun
It was a pleasure working with Aksel during the a microchip is a tiny plate that holds many electronic
project. parts in a device and makes the device work
My laptop needs a new microchip to fix the screen.
junk /dʒʌŋk/ noun
junk is broken old, or damaged things you no longer
want to keep PAGE 150
There was so much junk in the garage that we had to effective /ɪˈfek.tɪv/ adjective
sort it and throw it away.
something that is effective achieves the results you
upcycle /ˈʌpsaɪk(ə)l/ verb want it to
if you upcycle something, you use it to create Advertising on the radio is very effective for this
something new that is valuable to people product.
The curtains were upcycled into really nice clothes.

LEARNING 40 © Cengαge Leαrning, Inc.

 PRE-INTERMEDIATE UNIT 12 Wordlist

PAGE 151
refund /ˈriː.fʌnd/ verb
if you refund somebody for something, you give
them back the money they paid for it
The store refused to refund Máté for the trousers
that were torn.

PAGE 152
frustrating /frʌsˈtreɪ.tɪŋ/ adjective
something that is frustrating makes you feel
annoyed because it stops you from achieving
your goals
It was frustrating to have to stand in the line for so
many hours to collect my new passport.
replacement /rɪˈpleɪsmənt/ adjective
a replacement is something that takes the place of
another thing, usually because the first one stopped
working
The replacement tablet broke two weeks after it
arrived.

41 © Cengαge Leαrning, Inc.