Scribd
Upload
10 views

08 SQL3 DataTypes

This document discusses data types in MySQL. It explains that data types define how data can be manipulated and provides examples of common numeric, string, date/time, enumerated, and blob/text data types. It also covers consequences of data types, comparing types, and functions for working with date/time data. Choosing the right data type can optimize storage size, specify valid value ranges, and control the operations performed on the data.

Uploaded by

danelozano23
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
10 views

08 SQL3 DataTypes

This document discusses data types in MySQL. It explains that data types define how data can be manipulated and provides examples of common numeric, string, date/time, enumerated, and blob/text data types. It also covers consequences of data types, comparing types, and functions for working with date/time data. Choosing the right data type can optimize storage size, specify valid value ranges, and control the operations performed on the data.

Uploaded by

danelozano23
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

Data Types in MySQL

• Data types define the way data in a field can be manipulated


Master in Information Technology • For example, you can multiply two numbers but not two strings
ICT - 209
Database Applications • We have seen data types mentioned in CREATE TABLE statements

• Now we look at why it is useful to choose the correct type


MySQL 3
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/data-types.html
Data Types

1 2

Common Data Types Consequences of Data Types


• Numeric • Storage size
• Character String
• Date and Time • Range of values specified

• Operations performed on the data

3 4

Numeric Types String Types


• Integer types of various sizes (pick the right one to minimise storage • CHAR(length)
space) – Stores strings with length characters – smaller strings are right padded
– Tinyint = 1 byte – Indexed searching is faster (only is no fields are variable length).
– Smallint = 2 bytes • VARCHAR(length)
– Mediumint = 3 bytes – Stores variable length (up to length) strings with no padding
– Int = 4 bytes – Stores a prefix that denotes the length of the string
– Bigint = 8 bytes – Uses less storage if strings really are variable length.
• Floating Point – If they are always the same length, actually uses more storage
– Float = 4 bytes
– Double = 8 bytes
• Fixed Point
– Numeric or Decimal(precision, scale)
• Bool is implemented as Tinyint

5 6
Enumerated Types SET Types
• You can create enumerated types • The SET type can have zero or more values from a list of permitted
values
• CREATE TABLE sizes ( name ENUM('small', 'medium', 'large'))
• Each value should appear at most once
• Enumerated types have an index that starts at 1
• CREATE TABLE mytable (col SET('a', 'b', 'c', 'd'));
• Index zero is error (a value that was not defined, e.g. ‘huge’)
• Insert values like this
• Enumerated values are sorted by their index – which is the order in
which they were defined so small < medium < large • INSERT INTO myset (col) VALUES ('a,d') ;

7 8

BLOB and TEXT Types Date and Time Types


• BLOB types hold variable length binary strings: • DATETIME stores a date and time: YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS
– Tinyblob • DATE stores just a data: YYYY-MM-DD
– Blob
• You can enter values in a reasonable number of formats:
– Mediumblob
– yyyy-mm-dd as a string
– LongBlob
– Yyyy/mm/dd as a string
• TEXT types hold variable length text strings – yyyymmdd as a string or number
– yymmdd as a string or number

• BLOB data is ordered by the binary values


• TIME as HH:MM:SS
• TEXT data is ordered by the collation of the character set • YEAR as YY or YYYY
– A<b
– a<B

9 10

Comparing Types Date and Time Functions


• MySQL is very tolerant of mixing of types • There are a great many functions in MySQL for dealing with dates and
times
• Different types can be compared:
– SELECT * WHERE intfield = floatfield • Part extraction:
– Hour(), Month() etc.
– SELECT * WHERE intfield = stringfield
• Current time:
– Now()
– Are allowed
• Counting
– Dayofmonth(), Dayofyear()
• You can use LIKE for numbers:
• Adding
– SELECT * WHERE intfield LIKE 12% – Addtime()
• You can also use standard comparisons:
– Finds all rows where intfield starts with 12 – WHERE date1 > date2
– WHERE date BETWEEN date1 AND date2

11 12
Data Type Integrity
• You can specify things about the qualities of data that is to be stored
• We have seen that decimal allows you to be precise about decimal
places
• You can specify whether or not a field can contain NULL
• Enumerating types or using sets helps you control what values go into
a field
• Dates are automatically checked for correct format
• Variable length fields have a maximum size that cannot be exceeded

13

You might also like