NA To SS EN 1991-1-6-2009

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Joshua Ong Cho Whatt, Jurong Consultants Pte Ltd

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NA to SS EN 1991-1-6 : 2009
(ICS 91.010.30)
SINGAPORE STANDARD
Singapore National Annex to Eurocode 1 :

Actions on structures
– Part 1-6 : General actions – Actions during
execution
Published by
Licensed by SPRING Singapore to Er.Joshua Ong Cho Whatt, Jurong Consultants Pte Ltd
NA to SS EN 1991-1-6 : 2009
(ICS 91.010.30)
SINGAPORE STANDARD
Singapore National Annex to Eurocode 1 : Actions
on structures
– Part 1-6 : General actions – Actions during execution
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this Singapore Standard may be
reproduced or utilised in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including
photocopying and microfilming, without permission in writing from SPRING Singapore at the
address below:
Standards
SPRING Singapore
1 Fusionopolis Walk,
#01-02 South Tower, Solaris
Singapore 138628
Email : [email protected]
ISBN 978-981-4278-10-2
NA to SS EN 1991-1-6 : 2009
This Singapore Standard was approved by the Building and Construction Standards Committee on
behalf of the Standards Council of Singapore on 16 June 2009.
First published, 2009
The Building and Construction Standards Committee appointed by the Standards Council consists of
the following members:
Name Capacity
Chairman : Mr Goh Peng Thong Member, Standards Council

1st Dy Chairman : Mr Lee Chuan Seng Member, Standards Council
nd
2 Dy Chairman : Mr Tan Tian Chong Member, Standards Council
Secretary : Mr James Choo Sou Yong SPRING Singapore
Members : Mr Boo Geok Kwang Singapore Civil Defence Force
Er. Chan Ewe Jin Institution of Engineers, Singapore
Mr Chan Yew Kwong Ministry of Manpower
Mr Paul Fok Land Transport Authority
Mr Goh Ngan Hong Singapore Institute of Surveyors and
Valuers
Mr Anselm Gonsalves National Environment Agency
Mr Desmond Hill Singapore Contractors Association Limited
Mr Benedict Lee Khee Chong Singapore Institute of Architects
Ms Andris Leong Building and Construction Authority
Assoc Prof Leong Eng Choon Nanyang Technological University
Dr Lim Lan-Yuan The Association of Property and Facility
Managers
Mr McDonald Low Real Estate Developers’ Association of
Singapore
Mr Larry Ng Lye Hock Urban Redevelopment Authority
Assoc Prof Gary Ong Khim Chye National University of Singapore
Mr Davis Ong Wee Choon Singapore Manufacturers’ Federation
Er. Shum Chee Hoong Housing & Development Board
Dr Tan Guan Association of Consulting Engineers,
Singapore
Mr Tang Pei Luen JTC Corporation
Co-opted
Member : Dr Tam Chat Tim Individual Capacity
2
NA to SS EN 1991-1-6 : 2009
The Technical Committee on Building Structure and Sub-structure appointed by the Building and
Construction Standards Committee and responsible for the preparation of this standard consists of
representatives from the following organisations:
Name Capacity
Chairman : Dr Tan Guan Member, Building and Construction

Standards Committee
Co-Chairman : Er. Chew Keat Chuan Building and Construction Authority
Secretary : Ms Lee Hiok Hoong SPRING Singapore
Members : Er. Chan Ewe Jin Institution of Engineers, Singapore
Mr Chen Enyi Cement and Concrete Association of
Singapore
LTC Cheok Poh Chin Singapore Civil Defence Force
Dr Sujit Ghosh Ready Mix Concrete Association of
Singapore
Dr Ho Nyok Yong Singapore Contractors Association Ltd
Mr Ho Wan Boon Singapore Structural Steel Society
Mdm Neo Bian Hong Land Transport Authority
Assoc Prof Gary Ong Khim Chye Singapore Concrete Institute
Mr Sze Thiam Siong Setsco Services Pte Ltd
Er. Angeline Tan Bee Hoon Housing & Development Board
Er Tan Jui Teck CPG Corporation Pte Ltd
Assoc Prof Tan Kiang Hwee National University of Singapore
Er. Tang Pei Luen JTC Corporation
Assoc Prof Susanto Teng Nanyang Technological University
Co-opted
Members : Dr Tam Chat Tim Individual Capacity
Dr Tan Teng Hooi Individual Capacity
The following Technical Experts contributed in their individual capacity to the preparation of this
standard:
Dr Tan Teng Hooi (WG Convenor)

Er. Tay Ah Ching (WG Secretary)
Mr Adrian Billinghurst
Er. Chan Yek Seng
Er. Ho Pui Ming
Er. Fred Lee Ka Wing
Dr Leong Eng Choon
Prof Richard Liew Jat Yuen
Er. Lim Peng Hong
Er. Low Kam Fook
Mr Ong Yew Hing
Dr Tan Kang Hai
Er. Tan See Chee
Er. Tay Yak Hong
Mr Tong Tee Hui
3
NA to SS EN 1991-1-6 : 2009
The organisations in which the experts are involved are:
Beca Carter Hollings Ferner (SEA) Pte Ltd

Building and Construction Authority
CPG Consultants Pte Ltd
Defence Science & Technology Agency
Jurong Consultants Pte Ltd
Land Transport Authority
Maunsell Consultants (Singapore) Pte Ltd
Ministry of Manpower
Nanyang Technological University
National University of Singapore
TYH Consulting Engineers
T.Y.Lin International Pte Ltd
Worley Parsons Pte Ltd
4
NA to SS EN 1991-1-6 : 2009
Contents
Page
National Foreword 6
CLAUSES
NA.1 Scope 7
NA.2 Nationally determined parameters 7
NA.3 Decisions on the status of informative annexes 10
NA.4 References to non-contradictory complementary information 10
Bibliography 11
5
NA to SS EN 1991-1-6 : 2009
National Foreword
This National Annex was prepared by the Technical Committee on Building Structure and Sub-
structure under the purview of the Building and Construction Standards Committee.
This standard is an adoption of the UK National Annex (NA to BS EN 1991-1-6 : 2005) to Eurocode 1 :
Actions on structures – Part 1-6 : General actions – Actions during execution.
Acknowledgement is made to BSI for the use of information from the above publication.
This Singapore NA contains information on those parameters which are left open in EN 1991-1-6 for
national choice, known as nationally determined parameters. The Singapore NA is to be read in
conjunction with the SS EN 1991-1-6 : 2009 – Eurocode 1 : Actions on structures – Part 1-6 : General
actions – Actions during execution.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this Singapore Standard may be the
subject of patent rights. SPRING Singapore shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all of
such patent rights.
NOTE
1. Singapore Standards are subject to periodic review to keep abreast of technological changes and new
technical developments. The changes in Singapore Standards are documented through the issue of either
amendments or revisions.
2. Compliance with a Singapore Standard does not exempt users from legal obligations.
6
NA to SS EN 1991-1-6 : 2009
Singapore National Annex to SS EN 1991-1- 6 : 2009 – Eurocode 1 :

Actions on structures – Part 1- 6 : General actions – Actions during
execution
NA.1 Scope
This Annex gives:
a) the Singapore decisions for the nationally determined parameters described in the following
subclauses of SS EN 1991-1-6:
 1.1(3)
 2.2(4) Note 1
 3.1(1)P
 3.1(5) Notes 1 and 2
 3.1(7)
 3.1(8) Note 1
 3.3(2)
 3.3(6)
 4.9(6) Note 2
 4.10(1)P
 4.11.1(2) Table 4.1
 4.11.2(1) Note 2
 4.12(1)P Note 2
 4.12(2)
 4.12(3)
 4.13(2)
 Annex A, A1.1(1) Note 2
 Annex A, A1.3(2)
 Annex A, A2.4(2)
 Annex A, A2.4(3)
 Annex A, A2.5(2)
b) the decisions on the status of SS EN 1991-1-6, informative Annex B (see NA.3);
c) references to non-contradictory complementary information (see NA.4).
NA.2 Nationally determined parameters

NA.2.1 Design rules for auxiliary construction works
[SS EN 1991-1-6:2009, 1.1(3)]
SS CP 14 Design of scaffolds and SS CP 23 Design of formwork shall apply. For design of temporary
earth retaining structures, the requirements of the relevant authority shall apply.
For other types of auxiliary construction works, use the recommended design rules in BS EN 12810,
BS EN 12811, BS EN 12812 and TG20:(05) [1], as appropriate and defined for the individual project.
NA.2.2 Positioning of construction loads classified as “free”

[SS EN 1991-1-6:2009, 2.2(4) Note 1]
The limits of movement for construction loads classified as “free” should be defined for the individual
project.
7
NA to SS EN 1991-1-6 : 2009
NA.2.3 Design situations corresponding to wind actions during storm conditions

[SS EN 1991-1-6:2009, 3.1(1)P]
For guidance on design situations for wind actions during storm conditions, refer to BCSA Publication
No. 39/05 Guide to steel erection in windy conditions [2].
NA.2.4 Return periods for the determination of the characteristic values of variable
actions during execution
[SS EN 1991-1-6:2009, 3.1(5) Note 1]
The values should be defined for the individual project, using the recommended values as a minimum.
NA.2.5 Minimum wind speed during execution

[SS EN 1991-1-6:2009, 3.1(5) Note 2]
The recommended value should be defined for the individual project. As a guide, the following wind
speed values may apply:
Wind return period, 10 mins 3 sec (m/s)

years average (m/s)
2 13.5 22.6
5 15.6 26.5
10 17 29.1
15 17.8 30.6
NA.2.6 Rules for the combination of snow loads and wind actions with construction
loads [SS EN 1991-1-6:2009, 3.1(7)]
Rules for combination should be defined for the individual project.
NA.2.7 Rules concerning imperfections in the geometry of the structure

[SS EN 1991-1-6:2009, 3.1(8) Note 1]
The imperfections should be defined for the individual project.
NA.2.8 Criteria associated with serviceability limit states during execution

[SS EN 1991-1-6:2009, 3.3(2)]
The criteria associated with serviceability limit states should be defined for the individual project.
NA.2.9 Serviceability requirements for auxiliary construction works

[SS EN 1991-1-6:2009, 3.3(6)]
The recommended rules and values may be appropriate; however, they should be defined for the
individual project.
See also NA.2.1.
NA.2.10 Actions due to ice, including floating ice

[SS EN 1991-1-6:2009, 4.9(6) Note 2]
SS EN 1991-1-6, Clause 4.9(6) is not applicable to Singapore.
NA.2.11 Actions due to atmospheric icing

[SS EN 1991-1-6:2009, 4.10(1)P]
SS EN 1991-1-6, Clause 4.10(1) is not applicable to Singapore.
8
NA to SS EN 1991-1-6 : 2009
NA.2.12 Recommended characteristic values of construction loads Qca and Qcb

[SS EN 1991-1-6:2009, 4.11.1(2) (Table 4.1)]
Qca – The characteristic value qca,k of the uniformly distributed load may be defined for the individual
project and a minimum value of 1.00 is recommended.
Qcb – The characteristic values may be defined for the individual project. The recommended minimum
values should be used for bridges. For other applications use the recommended rules.
NA.2.13 Construction loads during the casting of concrete

[SS EN 1991-1-6:2009, 4.11.2(1) Note 2]
The following recommended minimum values should be used for:
Qca: qca, k = 0.75 kN/m2 as given in Table 4.2
Qcc: qcc, k = 0.5 kN/m2 given in Table 4.1.
Alternative values for Qca and Qcc may be determined for the individual project if a specific assessment
is undertaken.
Values for Qcf should be assessed and determined for the individual project taking account of the
information provided in Table 4.1 and 4.11.2.
NA.2.14 Dynamic effects due to accidental actions

[SS EN 1991-1-6:2009, 4.12(1)P Note 2]
Values should be specified for the individual project. The recommended rules and values should be
used for determination, although the given value of 2 may be appropriate, subject to assessment.
Other specific requirements, such as for shipping, may apply. See also SS EN 1991-1-7 and its
National Annex.
NA.2.15 Dynamic effects due to falls of equipment

[SS EN 1991-1-6:2009, 4.12(2)]
The values should be defined for the individual project.
NA.2.16 Design values of human impact loads

[SS EN 1991-1-6:2009, 4.12(3)]
The recommended values should be used.
NA.2.17 Seismic actions

[SS EN 1991-1-6:2009, 4.13(2)]
The design values for ground acceleration and the importance factor 1 may be defined for the
individual project. See also BS EN 1998 for further information if it is relevant.
NA.2.18 Representative values of the variable actions due to construction loads

[SS EN 1991-1-6:2009, Annex A, A1.1(1) Note 2]
The recommended values should be used, including those for transient and persistent accompanying
actions.
9
NA to SS EN 1991-1-6 : 2009
NA.2.19 Characteristic values of equivalent horizontal forces

[SS EN 1991-1-6:2009, Annex A, A1.3(2)]
The recommended value may be appropriate; however, values should be determined and defined for
the individual project.
NA.2.20 Design values of vertical deflections for the incremental launching of bridges
The recommended values may be appropriate; however, they should be determined and defined for
NA.2.21 Reduction of the characteristic value of snow loads

[SS EN 1991-1-6:2009, Annex A, A2.4(2)]
SS EN 1991-1-6 Annex A2.4 is not applicable to Singapore.
NA.2.22 Reduced values of characteristic snow loads for the verification of static
equilibrium [SS EN 1991-1-6:2009, Annex A, A2.4(3)]
SS EN 1991-1-6 Annex A2.4 is not applicable to Singapore.
NA.2.23 Design values of horizontal friction forces

[SS EN 1991-1-6:2009, Annex A, A2.5(2)]
The recommended values may be appropriate; however, they should be determined and defined for
NA.2.24 Determination of friction coefficients μmin and μmax

The recommended rules and values for the friction coefficients, μmin and μmax may be appropriate;
however, they should be determined and defined for the individual project.
NA.3 Decisions on the status of the informative annexes
NA.3.1 Actions on structures during alteration, reconstruction or demolition

[SS EN 1991-1-6:2009, Annex B]
Annex B may be used for buildings and most civil engineering works.
Annex B may not be used for highway or railway structures unless its use is specified in the individual
project.
NA.4 References to non-contradictory complementary information

The following is a list of references that contain non-contradictory complementary information for use
with SS EN 1991-1-6 : 2009.
SS CP 11, Code of practice for demolition.
Singapore Technical Reference (TR) for deep excavation.
BCSA Publication No. 39/05, Guide to steel erection in windy conditions, British Constructional
Steelwork Association, London 2005.
10
NA to SS EN 1991-1-6 : 2009
Bibliography
Standards publications
*
SS EN 1991-1-7, Eurocode 1 – Actions on structures – Part 1-7 : General actions – Accidental actions
BS EN 1998 (all parts), Eurocode 8 – Design of structures for earthquake resistance
BS EN 12810 (all parts), Facade scaffolds made of prefabricated components
BS EN 12811 (all parts), Temporary works equipment
BS EN 12812, Falsework – Performance requirements and general design
SS CP 14, Code of practice for scaffolds
SS CP 23, Code of practice for formwork
Other publications
[1] NASC TG 20 05, Technical Guidance on the use of BS EN 12811-1; Guide to Good Practice
for Scaffolding with Tubes and Fittings. National Access and Scaffolding Confederation,
London, 2005
[2] BCSA Publication No. 39/05, Guide to steel erection in windy conditions, British Constructional
Steelwork Association, London, 2005
*
Singapore Technical Reference for deep excavation
*
In preparation
11
NA to SS EN 1991-1-6 : 2009
ABOUT SPRING SINGAPORE
SPRING Singapore is an agency under the Ministry of Trade and Industry responsible for helping
Singapore enterprises grow and building trust in Singapore products and services. As the national
standards and accreditation body, SPRING develops and promotes an internationally-recognised
standards and quality assurance infrastructure. SPRING also oversees the safety of general
consumer goods in Singapore. As the enterprise development agency, SPRING works with partners
to help enterprises in financing, capability and management development, technology and innovation,
and access to markets.
SPRING Singapore
1 Fusionopolis Walk
Singapore 138628
Tel: 6278 6666
Fax: 6278 6667
E-mail: [email protected]
Website: http://www.spring.gov.sg
ABOUT THE NATIONAL STANDARDISATION PROGRAMME
Under the national standardisation programme, SPRING Singapore helps companies and industry to
meet international standards and conformity requirements by creating awareness of the importance of
standardisation to enhance competitiveness and improve productivity, co-ordinating the development
and use of Singapore Standards and setting up an information infrastructure to educate companies
and industry on the latest developments.
SPRING Singapore is vested with the authority to appoint a Standards Council to advise on the
preparation, publication and promulgation of Singapore Standards and Technical References and
their implementation.
Singapore Standards are in the form of specifications for materials and products, codes of practice,
methods of test, nomenclature, services, etc. The respective committee or working group will draw
up the standards before seeking final approval from the Standards Council or the relevant Standards
Committee. To ensure adequate representation of all viewpoints in the preparation of Singapore
Standards, all committees appointed consist of representatives from various interest groups which
include government agencies, professional bodies, tertiary institutions and consumer, trade and
manufacturing organisations.
Technical References are transition documents developed to help meet urgent industry demand for
specifications or requirements on a particular product, process or service in an area where there is an
absence of reference standards. Unlike Singapore Standards, they are issued for comments over a
period of two years before assessment on their suitability for approval as Singapore Standards. All
comments are considered when a technical reference is reviewed at the end of two years to
determine the feasibility of its transition to a Singapore Standard. Technical References can
therefore become Singapore Standards after two years, continue as Technical References for further
comments or be withdrawn.
In the international arena, SPRING Singapore represents Singapore in the International Organisation
of Standardisation (ISO), the Asia-Pacific Economic Co-operation (APEC) Sub-committee for
Standards and Conformance (SCSC) and in the ASEAN Consultative Committee on Standards and
Quality (ACCSQ). The Singapore National Committee of the International Electrotechnical
Commission which is supported by SPRING Singapore, represents Singapore in the IEC.
12
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Licensed by SPRING Singapore to Er.

Joshua Ong Cho Whatt, Jurong Consultants Pte Ltd

Singapore National Annex to Eurocode 1 :

First published, 2009

Chairman : Mr Goh Peng Thong Member, Standards Council

Chairman : Dr Tan Guan Member, Building and Construction

Dr Tan Teng Hooi (WG Convenor)

The organisations in which the experts are involved are:

Beca Carter Hollings Ferner (SEA) Pte Ltd

Singapore National Annex to SS EN 1991-1- 6 : 2009 – Eurocode 1 :

b) the decisions on the status of SS EN 1991-1-6, informative Annex B (see NA.3);

c) references to non-contradictory complementary information (see NA.4).

NA.2 Nationally determined parameters

NA.2.2 Positioning of construction loads classified as “free”

NA.2.3 Design situations corresponding to wind actions during storm conditions

NA.2.5 Minimum wind speed during execution

Wind return period, 10 mins 3 sec (m/s)

Rules for combination should be defined for the individual project.

NA.2.7 Rules concerning imperfections in the geometry of the structure

The imperfections should be defined for the individual project.

NA.2.8 Criteria associated with serviceability limit states during execution

NA.2.9 Serviceability requirements for auxiliary construction works

See also NA.2.1.

NA.2.10 Actions due to ice, including floating ice

SS EN 1991-1-6, Clause 4.9(6) is not applicable to Singapore.

NA.2.11 Actions due to atmospheric icing

SS EN 1991-1-6, Clause 4.10(1) is not applicable to Singapore.

NA.2.12 Recommended characteristic values of construction loads Qca and Qcb

NA.2.13 Construction loads during the casting of concrete

The following recommended minimum values should be used for:

Qca: qca, k = 0.75 kN/m2 as given in Table 4.2

Qcc: qcc, k = 0.5 kN/m2 given in Table 4.1.

NA.2.14 Dynamic effects due to accidental actions

NA.2.15 Dynamic effects due to falls of equipment

The values should be defined for the individual project.

NA.2.16 Design values of human impact loads

The recommended values should be used.

NA.2.17 Seismic actions

NA.2.18 Representative values of the variable actions due to construction loads

NA.2.19 Characteristic values of equivalent horizontal forces

NA.2.21 Reduction of the characteristic value of snow loads

SS EN 1991-1-6 Annex A2.4 is not applicable to Singapore.

SS EN 1991-1-6 Annex A2.4 is not applicable to Singapore.

NA.2.23 Design values of horizontal friction forces

NA.2.24 Determination of friction coefficients μmin and μmax

NA.3 Decisions on the status of the informative annexes

NA.3.1 Actions on structures during alteration, reconstruction or demolition

NA.4 References to non-contradictory complementary information

SS CP 11, Code of practice for demolition.

Singapore Technical Reference (TR) for deep excavation.

BS EN 1998 (all parts), Eurocode 8 – Design of structures for earthquake resistance

BS EN 12810 (all parts), Facade scaffolds made of prefabricated components

BS EN 12811 (all parts), Temporary works equipment

BS EN 12812, Falsework – Performance requirements and general design

SS CP 14, Code of practice for scaffolds

SS CP 23, Code of practice for formwork

ABOUT SPRING SINGAPORE

ABOUT THE NATIONAL STANDARDISATION PROGRAMME

The Singapore Standardisation