Source: Computational Fluid Dynamics: An Introduction to Modeling and Applications, 1st Edition

ISBN: 9781264274949
Authors: Imane Khalil, Issam Lakkis

Appendix D. SpaceClaim Tutorials

In this appendix, the geometry of all the Fluent models will be created using SpaceClaim application. Note that the instructions
provided are based on version 2022 R1 which is slightly different from previous versions of SpaceClaim.

D.1. Chapter 3: Two-Dimensional Steady State Laminar

Incompressible Fluid Flow
Right-click Geometry and from the drop-down menu, select New SpaceClaim Geometry… to launch SpaceClaim. When
SpaceClaim is launched, the screen looks like Figure D.1. The window where the model is built is called the design window. The
design window contains the sketch grid in the 2D working plane. The mini toolbar at the bottom of the design window contains
useful options. Design1 is the default title of the design and is shown at the bottom left of the design window.

Figure D.1 Design window, mini-toolbar, and Structure panel.

The Structure panel to the left of the design window will populate the objects created by the user in the current design titled
Design1. The user can rename the design by right-clicking Design1 in the Structure tree and selecting Rename.

The user can display a different panel by clicking one of the four choices located below theStructure panel. Grouping objects
by line style, color, visibility, and materials can be done in the Layers panel. The Selection panel is for selecting objects related
to the one currently selected. The Groups panel allows the user to group different bodies, or faces. It also allows the user to
create named selections on the domain's boundaries. Standard views are stored in the Views panel where the user can adjust
the view by double-clicking one of the standard available views.

The Options panel is located in the middle left of the screen and allows the user to modify the functions of the SpaceClaim
tools. The Properties panel at the bottom left displays details of the selected object where the user can make changes to its
properties.

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The user can create a new design by clicking File and selecting New ⇒ Design. The new design will appear on a tab in the
design window. A design can be saved by clicking File and selecting Save. The user can close a design by clicking the Close
button × on the design window tab bar at the bottom of the design window. A design can also be closed by clickingFile and
selecting Close.Make sure the design window to be closed is active before closing it.

To restore the same window layout as when SpaceClaim application is launched, click File and select SpaceClaim Options.
Click Appearance from the SpaceClaim Options dialog box and click Reset Docking Layout as shown in Figure D.2. This may
be useful if the layout is accidentally modified by the user. Click OK to close the SpaceClaim Options dialog box.

Figure D.2 SpaceClaim Options and Reset Docking Layout.

1. Set the Units

Click File and select SpaceClaim Options. Click Units in the SpaceClaim Options dialog box as shown in Figure D.3. From
the drop-down list next to Length:, select Meters.

Figure D.3 Change units options.

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 Click OK to close the SpaceClaim Options dialog box. We note here that when the dialog box closes, the name of the
window changes from Design1 to Design1*. A * displayed next to Design1 indicates the user has not saved the latest
changes to the model.

2. Create a Rectangle

Right-click anywhere in the design window and select View ⇒ Front, as shown in Figure D.4, to display the XY plane. Clicking
the Z axis in the triad will also display the XY plane. ClickSelect New Sketch Plane in the mini-toolbar of the design window,
shown in Figure D.4. Click anywhere in the design window to select the XY plane as the sketching plane.

Figure D.4 Display Front View, Select New Sketch Plane, and create Rectangle.

Click Rectangle in the Create group on the Sketch tab, shown in Figure D.4.

We will select the origin as the first point of the rectangle. The pointer of the mouse will display a green circle• when we
hover over the origin indicating a point is detected at the location. Notice that if we hover over the X axis and Y axis, the
pointer of the mouse will display a green square ● indicating the detection of a curve. Make sure the pointer displays a
green circle before selecting the origin as the first point.

Drag the mouse over the sketch grid to preview the rectangle being created. Click anywhere in the first quadrant to create
the rectangle. Make sure not to draw a square as this will add constraints to the dimensions and set all sides to be equal.

Expand Sketching Plane1 in the Structure tree. Sketch1 is the rectangle created. Expand Sketch1 to view the four lines that
make the rectangle as shown in Figure D.5.

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 Figure D.5 Expand Sketching Plane1, Expand Sketch1, and Dimension.

3. Dimension the Rectangle

Click Dimension in the Constraints group on the Sketch tab, shown in Figure D.5.

Select the upper horizontal edge of the rectangle. Drag the mouse in the positive Y direction and click anywhere to place the
dimension. Select the right vertical edge of the rectangle. Drag the mouse in the positive X direction and click anywhere to
place the dimension. Select the numerical value of the horizontal dimension to adjust it. Type 10 and press Enter. Right-
click anywhere in the design window and select View ⇒ Zoom Extents to display the full model. Select the numerical value
of the vertical dimension and type 0.1. Press Enter. Zoom Extents is very useful and can also be used to view a specific
component in our model by right-clicking any component and selecting View ⇒ Zoom Extents to zoom into the extents of
the selected component.

Press Esc to deactivate Dimension.

4. Create the Surface Inside the Rectangle

Click Design tab. Click the 3D Mode in the Mode group on the Design tab, shown in Figure D.6, to switch from 2D sketching
to 3D modeling. Once the user switches to 3D Mode, SpaceClaim will transform all closed curves in the sketch into surfaces.

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 Figure D.6 3D Mode and renaming the surface created.

The four lines in the rectangle are transformed into a surface namedSurface which appears under Design1* in the
Structure tree. Right-click Surface and select Rename. Type Surface Body and press Enter. Click anywhere in the design
window. The screen should look like Figure D.6.

5. Change the Material of Surface Body

The material of Surface Body is solid by default. Click Surface Body under Design1* in the Structure tree. See Figure D.7.
Select Unknown Material in the Properties panel and type My Fluid . Press Enter. The Fluid cell below Material Name
becomes active. Click False to activate the drop-down list. Click the arrow and from the drop-down list select True.

Figure D.7 Change the material from solid to fluid.

6. Save the Project

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 Click File and select Save Project to save the Workbench project. To save the geometry as a separate SpaceClaim file, the
user can click File and select Save As. Notice that in SpaceClaim application the name of the design window changes from
Design1* to FFF after saving it. FFF stands for Fluid Flow Fluent differentiating the design that will be used by the current
workspace from other created designs in SpaceClaim. Close the ANSYS SpaceClaim application by clicking File and
selecting Exit SpaceClaim or by clicking the Close button × at the top right corner of the Spaceclaim window.

D.2. Chapter 4: Three-Dimensional Steady State Turbulent

Incompressible Fluid Flow
Right-click Geometry in Project Schematic and from the drop-down menu, select New SpaceClaim Geometry… to launch
SpaceClaim application.

1. Set the Units

Click File and select SpaceClaim Options. Click Units in the SpaceClaim Options dialog box, and select Meters from the
drop-down list next to Length:. Click OK to close the SpaceClaim Options dialog box.

2. Create the Cylinder

Click Select New Sketch Plane in the mini-toolbar. Hover over the axes in the design window to display the sketching planes
available. When we hover the mouse over an axis, a sketching plane that is normal to the axis is displayed. Click the X axis in
the design window (and not in the triad), as shown in Figure D.8, to set the YZ plane as the sketching plane. The sketch grid
in the YZ plane is available to start the sketch.

Figure D.8 Click the X axis to set the YZ plane as the sketching plane.

Click Circle in the Create group on the Sketch tab. Click the origin to select it as the center of the circle. Make sure the
pointer of the mouse displays a green circle before selecting the origin. Drag the mouse over the sketch grid to preview the
circle being created but don't click any point in the design window. We will dimension the circle while sketching it. The
dimension of the circle is highlighted while dragging the mouse. Type 0.2 and press Enter to set the diameter of the circle
to 0.2 m.

Adjust the view by right-clicking anywhere in the design window and selectingView ⇒ Zoom Extents. Expand Sketching
Plane1 → Sketch1 in the Structure tree to view Circle which is the circle created. See Figure D.9.

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 Figure D.9 Expand Sketch1 and End Sketch Editing.

Hover the mouse in the design window and press Esc to deactivate Circle or click End Sketch Editing in the End Sketch
group on the Sketch tab shown in Figure D.9. Exiting the sketch by pressing Esc will deactivate the operation but will allow
the user to make modifications to the sketch such as changing dimensions, adding components, etc. The End Sketch
Editing completes the sketch editing and will not allow the user to make future modifications to the sketch. Furthermore, it
automatically activates the Pull tool in the Design tab.

Click Design tab. Click Pull in the Edit group on the Design tab if it is not activated. The Pull tool is used to extrude, revolve,
and sweep faces. We will use Pull to extrude the circle and create a cylinder.

Notice that when Pull tool is activated, the circle is transformed into a surface. A message at the top of the screen will guide
the user in completing the

Pull command. Select the surface in the design window, or we can alternatively select Surface under Design1* in the
Structure tree. The selected surface changes color. In the design window, press and hold the left mouse button and drag the
mouse in the positive X direction to create the cylinder. It is easier to move the cursor away from the pull arrow while pulling
the surface. As we are pulling the surface, Solid is being added to the list of Design1* as shown in Figure D.10. Release the
cursor. Type 10 and press Enter to dimension the length of the cylinder.

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 Figure D.10 Pull Command.

Press Esc to release the surface selected for pulling. Press Esc one more time to deactivate the Pull operation.

We note here that the surface has transformed into a cylinder, and Solid replaced Surface under Design1* in the Structure
tree. Right-click Solid and select Rename. Type my-domain and press Enter. The screen should look like Figure D.11.

Figure D.11 Rename the solid created and Zoom under Orient group.

Adjust the view by right-clicking anywhere in the design window and selectingView ⇒ Zoom Extents. Zoom Extents can
also be accessed through Orient group. Click the arrow next to Zoom, shown in Figure D.11 and select Zoom Extents.

3. Change the Material of My Domain

Click my-domain under Design1* in the Structure tree. Select Unknown Material in the Properties panel and type My
Fluid . Press Enter. The Fluid cell below Material Name becomes active. Click Fluid and select True from the drop-down list
next to it.

4. Create Named Selections

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 Creating named selections in SpaceClaim will make it easier to mesh and apply boundary conditions to the model. Click
Groups panel shown in Figure D.12 to activate the Groups panel. We will create groups and then use these groups as
Named Selections.

Figure D.12 Groups panel, Spin, and Create NS.

Rotate the model by clicking Spin shown in Figure D.12 and zoom in to make it easy to select the left face (inlet) of the
cylinder. Deactivate Spin by clicking it. Select the left face of the cylinder which will change color. ClickCreate NS shown in
Figure D.12 and type inlet to name the group created under Named Selections. Press Enter. A message will appear when
Create NS is clicked informing the user of the creation of a group. Adjust the view by right-clicking anywhere in the design
window and selecting View ⇒ Isometric.

Select the curved face of the cylinder. Click Create NS in the Groups panel. Type wall and press Enter.

Select the right face (outlet) of the cylinder. Click Create NS in the Groups panel. Type outlet and press Enter.

5. Save the Project

Click File and select Save Project to save the Workbench project. Close the SpaceClaim application by clickingFile and
selecting Exit SpaceClaim.

D.3. Chapter 5: Convection Heat Transfer for Two-

Dimensional Steady State Incompressible Flow
Right-click Geometry in Project Schematic and from the drop-down menu, select New SpaceClaim Geometry… to launch
SpaceClaim application.

1. Set the Units

Click File and select SpaceClaim Options. Click Units in the SpaceClaim Options dialog box, and select Meters from the
drop-down list next to Length:. Click OK to close the SpaceClaim Options dialog box.

2. Create the Fluid Domain

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 Click the Z axis in the triad to display the XY plane. We can also right-click anywhere in the design window and selectView
⇒ Front. Click Select New Sketch Plane in the mini-toolbar of the design window. Click anywhere in the design window to
select the XY plane as the sketching plane.

The Ctrl+Z, or the Undo button, shown in Figure D.13, and the Ctrl+Y, or the Redo button, also shown in Figure D.13, are
available in SpaceClaim and can be very useful to undo actions performed and to correct mistakes. SpaceClaim stores all
the actions performed by the user from the moment SpaceClaim application is opened. Every action is recorded and can be
undone and redone.

Figure D.13 Undo button, Redo button, and dimension the rectangle while sketching it.

Click Rectangle in the Create group on the Sketch tab. Click the origin to select it as the first corner. Make sure the pointer
of the mouse displays a green circle before selecting the origin. Drag the mouse in the positive X and Y directions over the
sketch grid to preview the rectangle being created. We will dimension the rectangle while sketching it, so don't click to select
the opposite corner in the design window. Notice that the dimensions of the rectangle are displayed as we drag the mouse.
The horizontal dimension is highlighted indicating it can be modified. Type 10 and then press the Tab button on the
keyboard. See Figure D.13. The vertical dimension becomes highlighted. Type 0.1 and then press Enter.

The rectangle created is dimensioned and will be used for the fluid domain.

3. Create the Solid Domain

Rectangle is still activated. Let's sketch the rectangle for the solid domain. Click the top left corner of the existing rectangle
as the first point. Make sure the pointer of the mouse displays a green circle before selecting the corner. Zooming in by
scrolling the wheel of the mouse is helpful in selecting the top left corner of the existing rectangle.

Drag the mouse in the positive X and Y directions above the first rectangle, to preview the rectangle being created. We will
dimension the rectangle while sketching it, so don't click to select the opposite corner in the design window yet. The
dimensions of the rectangle are displayed as we drag the mouse. The horizontal dimension is highlighted. Type 10 and
then press the Tab button on the keyboard. The vertical dimension becomes highlighted. Type 0.1 and then press Enter.
Press Esc to deactivate Rectangle.

Zoom out by scrolling the mouse wheel or right-clicking anywhere in the design window and selecting View ⇒ Zoom
Extents.

Expand Sketching Plane1 → Sketch1 in the Structure tree to view the eight lines created.

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 Click Design tab. Click 3D Mode in the Mode group on the Design tab to switch from 2D sketching to 3D modeling. When
switching to 3D Mode, SpaceClaim will transform all closed curves in the sketch into surfaces. The eight lines of the
rectangles are transformed into a surface named Surface which appears under Design1* in the Structure tree. Surface is
made of the two rectangles combined into one surface body.

Right-click Surface under Design1* and select Detach All, as shown in Figure D.14, to split it into two separate surfaces
based on the two rectangles created.

Figure D.14 Surface: Detach All.

Two Surface bodies are now displayed under Design1* in the Structure tree. The first Surface corresponds to the fluid body
and the second Surface corresponds to the solid body.

Right-click the first Surface under Design1*. Select Rename and type my-fluid . Press Enter. Right-click Surface. Select
Rename and type my-solid . Press Enter.

4. Change the Material of My Fluid

The material of a surface body is set to solid by default in SpaceClaim; therefore, we only need to change the material of the
fluid surface (my-fluid).

Click my-fluid under Design1* in the Structure tree. Select Unknown Material in the Properties panel and type My Fluid .
Press Enter The Fluid cell below Material Name becomes active. Click Fluid and select True from the drop-down list next to
it.

Adjust the view by right-clicking anywhere in the design window and selectingView ⇒ Zoom Extents.

5. Share Topolgy

To share the interface between my-solid and my-fluid, click Workbench tab shown in Figure D.15. Click Share in the
Sharing group on the Workbench tab.

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 Figure D.15 Workbench tab and Sharing group.

A message indicating one edge is detected appears at the top of the design window. Click theComplete button to fix the
selected problem area. When sharing is complete, a message at the bottom of the design window displays Shared 1 edge.
Press Esc to deactivate Share.

6. Create Named Selections

Click Groups panel. Zoom in and out by using the wheel of the mouse to make it easier to select the small edges.

Select the left edge of the fluid rectangle. Click Create NS in the Groups panel and type inlet . Press Enter.

Select the right edge of the fluid rectangle, and clickCreate NS in the Groups panel. Type outlet and press Enter.

Repeat the process and create a named selection on each of the three sides of the solid rectangle of the model according to
their locations: top-wall , right-wall , and left-wall .

Create a named selection at the bottom edge of the fluid rectangle and name it centerline .

7. Save the Project

Click File and select Save Project to save the Workbench project. Close the SpaceClaim application by clickingFile and
selecting Exit SpaceClaim.

D.4. Chapter 6: Three-Dimensional Fluid Flow and Heat

Transfer Modeling in a Heat Exchanger
Right-click Geometry in Project Schematic and from the drop-down menu, select New SpaceClaim Geometry… to launch
SpaceClaim application.

1. Set the Units

Click File and select SpaceClaim Options. Click Units in the SpaceClaim Options dialog box and select Millimeters from the
drop-down list next to Length:. Click OK to close the SpaceClaim Options dialog box.

2. Create the Outer Pipe Cylinder

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 Click Select New Sketch Plane in the mini-toolbar. Click theZ axis in the design window and not in the triad, to set the XY
plane as the sketching plane. The sketch grid in the XY plane is now available to start the sketch.

Click Circle in the Create group on the Sketch tab. Click the origin to select it as the center of the circle. Make sure the
pointer of the mouse displays a green circle before selecting the origin. Drag the mouse over the sketch grid to preview the
circle. Type 62 and press Enter to set the diameter of the circle to 62 mm. Press Esc to deactivate Circle. Expand
Sketching Plane1 →Sketch1 in the Structure tree to view Circle.

Click Design tab. Click Pull in the Edit group on the Design tab. Select Surface under Design1* in the Structure tree. Activate
+Add and Pull Both Sides in the Options panel as shown in Figure D.16.

Figure D.16 Add and Pull Both Sides options.

In the design window, press and hold the left mouse button while dragging the mouse to pull the surface in both directions.
Release the mouse once the cylinder is created and type 602 to set the length of the cylinder. Press Enter.

Press Esc twice to deactivate the Pull operation.

The cylinder created is the outer pipe of the heat exchanger. It is named Solid and is listed under Design1* in the Structure
tree. We will create the inlet and outlet of the pipe by sketching concentric circles in the XZ plane and pulling the surfaces
inside the circles in opposite directions.

Click Sketch Mode in the Mode group on the Design tab. Click the Y axis in the design window and not in the triad, to set the
XZ plane as the sketching plane. The sketching plane in the design window should look like Figure D.17.

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 Figure D.17 Set the XZ plane as the sketching plane and create two circles in this plane.

Click Circle in the Create group on the Sketch tab. Click any point on the Z axis in the positive direction as the center of the
circle. Make sure the mouse displays a green square before selecting the point. The green square means the point detected
is on a curve, which is the Z axis in this case. Drag the mouse, type 20 and press Enter. Click any point on the Z axis in the
negative direction as the center of another circle. Make sure the mouse of the circle displays a green square before
selecting the center of the circle. Drag the mouse, type 20 and press Enter.

Click Dimension in the Constraints group on the Sketch tab.

Select the center of the first circle and then select the X axis. Drag the mouse and click anywhere to place the dimension.
Select the numerical value of the horizontal dimension, type 280 and press Enter.

Repeat the process to place the center of the second circle at a distance of 280 mm from theX axis in the negative Z
direction.

Press Esc to deactivate Dimension. Expand Sketching Plane1 → Sketch1, in the Structure tree, to view the circles created
as shown in Figure D.17.

Click Design tab. Click the 3D Mode in the Mode group on the Design tab to switch from 2D sketching to 3D modeling.
SpaceClaim will transform the circles created in the sketch into a surface named Surface which appears under Design1* in
the Structure tree.

Right-click Surface under Design1* in the Structure tree and select Detach All to break it into two surfaces in order to select
and pull the different surfaces in different directions.

Click Pull in the Edit group on the Design tab. Select the first Surface created under Design1* in the Structure tree. An arrow
ready to pull the surface is displayed as shown in Figure D.18.

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 Figure D.18 Cut option and selected surface to pull.

Activate - Cut in the Options panel shown in Figure D.18. In the design window, press and hold the left mouse button while
dragging the cursor upwards in the positive Y direction to cut through the material in the outer pipe. Release the mouse once
the cut is visible or when the dimension displayed while pulling exceeds 30.

The number of Surface bodies listed under Design1* in the Structure tree is reduced to one.

Select Surface under Design1* in the Structure tree. The surface becomes highlighted in the design window. Activate - Cut
in the Options panel. In the design window, press and hold the left mouse button while dragging the mouse downwards in
the negative Y direction to cut through the material in the outer pipe. Release the mouse when the dimension displayed while
pulling exceeds 30.

Press Esc twice to deactivate the Pull operation.

Click Sketch Mode in the Mode group on the Design tab. Click the Y axis, in the design window and not in the triad, to set the
XZ plane as the sketching plane.

Click Circle in the Create group on the Sketch tab. Click the center of the circle in the positive direction as the center of the
new circle. Make sure the mouse displays a green circle before selecting the point. Drag the mouse, type 22 and press
Enter. Create a concentric circle with a smaller diameter. Click the center of the first circle created in the XZ plane to select it
as the center of the smaller circle. Make sure the pointer of the mouse displays a green circle before selecting the center.
Drag the mouse, type 20 and press Enter.

Repeat the same process by creating two concentric circles whose centers are located on theZ axis in the negative
direction and whose dimensions are identical to the first pair of circles created. Note that the center of the second pair of
circles is coincident with the center of the circle created in the negative Z direction.

Click Design tab. Click 3D Mode in the Mode group on the Design tab to switch from 2D sketching to 3D modeling.
SpaceClaim will transform the rings created in the sketch into a surface named Surface which appears under Design1* in
the Structure tree.

Right-click Surface under Design1* and select Detach All to break it into two surfaces in order to select and pull the
different surfaces in different directions.

Click Pull in the Edit group on the Design tab.

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 Select the second Surface under Design1* in the Structure tree. This is the ring between the two concentric circles on the
negative side of the Z axis. The surface becomes highlighted in the design window once selected. An arrow ready to pull the
selected surface is also displayed. Activate + Add in the Options panel. In the design window, press and hold the left mouse
button while dragging the cursor in the positive Y direction. Release the mouse once the cylinder is created and type 50 .
Press Enter.

Adjust the view by right-clicking anywhere in the design window and selectingView ⇒ Isometric. The screen should look like
Figure D.19. The inlet for the shell is now created. The number of surfaces is reduced to one underDesign1* in the
Structure tree.

Figure D.19 Isometric view with created inlet for the shell.

Select Surface under Design1* in the Structure tree and activate + Add in the Options panel. In the design window, press
and hold the left mouse button while dragging the cursor downwards in the negative Y direction. Release the mouse once
the cylinder is created. Type 50 and press Enter.

Press Esc twice to deactivate the Pull operation.

To create a cavity in the outer pipe, we will sketch a circle of 60 mm diameter in the XY plane centered at the origin. Pulling
the circle in both directions while activating - Cut feature will convert the outer pipe from a solid cylinder to a hollow cylinder
that is 1 mm thick.

Click Sketch Mode in the Mode group on the Design tab. Click the Z axis in the design window to set the XY plane as the
sketching plane. Click Circle in the Create group on the Sketch tab. Click the origin to select it as the center of the circle.
Make sure the pointer of the mouse displays a green circle before selecting the origin. Drag the mouse. Type 60 and press
Enter. Press Esc to deactivate Circle. Click Design tab. Click Pull in the Edit group on the Design tab. Select Surface in the
Structure tree. Activate - Cut and Pull Both Sides in the Options panel.

In the design window, press and hold the left mouse button while dragging the mouse to pull the surface in both directions.
Release the mouse at any point that belongs to the interior of the outer pipe cylinder (the dimension displayed while dragging
the mouse should not exceed 602 mm). Type 600 and press Enter. Press Esc once to release the surface selected for
pulling.

Let's blend the intersections of the inlet with the outer pipe and the intersection of the outlet with the outer pipe. The
intersections to blend are a total of four edges.

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 Pull is still activated. Select the edge shown inFigure D.20, that is the intersection of the inlet with the outer pipe. An arrow
appears next to the selected edge. Click Selection panel, also shown in Figure D.20. Expand Surface holes equal to or
smaller under Same Size. Hold the Ctrl button and select the first three Surface hole as shown in Figure D.20. A total of four
edges selected are highlighted on the design window and represent the intersections to blend. In the design window, press
and hold the left mouse button. Drag the mouse in the direction of the yellow arrow. Note that nothing will happen in the
design window if the mouse is dragged in the opposite direction. Release the mouse, type 5 and press Enter.

Figure D.20 Blend the intersections of the inlet and outlet with the pipe.

Press Esc twice to deactivate the Pull operation. Click Structure panel to display the objects created. Right-click Solid under
Design1* in the Structure tree and select Rename. Type my-hx and press Enter.

3. Create the Inner Pipe

Click Sketch Mode in the Mode group on the Design tab. Click the Z axis in the design window (not the Z axis in the triad), to
set the XY plane as the sketching plane. Click Circle in the Create group on the Sketch tab. Click the origin to select it as the
center of the circle. Make sure the mouse displays a green circle before selecting the origin. Drag the mouse, type 28 , and
press Enter.

Press Esc to deactivate Circle. Click Design tab. Click Pull in the Edit group on the Design tab and select the Surface under
Design1* in the Structure tree. Activate - Cut and Pull Both Sides in the Options panel.

In the design window, press and hold the left mouse button while dragging the mouse. Release the mouse once the
dimension displayed on the screen exceeds 602 mm or when the cut is visible. Press Esc twice to deactivate the Pull
operation.

Click Sketch Mode in the Mode group on the Design tab. Click the Z axis in the design window (not the Z axis in the triad), to
set the XY plane as the sketching plane. Click Circle in the Create group on the Sketch tab. Click the origin to select it as the
center of the circle. Make sure the mouse displays a green circle before selecting the origin. Drag the mouse, type 30 and
press Enter.

We will create a concentric circle with a smaller diameter whileCircle is still activated. Click the origin and make sure the
pointer of the mouse displays a green circle before selecting it. Drag the mouse, type 28 , and press Enter.

Press Esc to deactivate Circle. Click Design tab.

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 Click Pull in the Edit group on the Design tab and select the Surface under Design1* in the Structure tree. This is the ring
between the two concentric circles. Activate +Add and Pull Both Sides in the Options panel. In the design window, press and
hold the left mouse button. Drag the mouse in any direction and release it. Type 640 and press Enter. The screen should
look like Figure D.21.

Figure D.21 Create the inner pipe.

Press Esc twice to deactivate the Pull operation.

The heat exchanger is now completed and is made of a 1 mm thick solid body with a void inside its inner pipe and a void
between the inner pipe and the outer pipe. The next step is to create the geometry for the hot fluid inside the inner pipe and
the geometry of the cold fluid inside the outer pipe.

4. Create the Hot and Cold Fluids

To create the geometry for the hot fluid inside the inner pipe and the geometry of the cold fluid inside the outer pipe we will
use the Volume Extract tool. The Volume Extract tool creates a body based on an enclosed region within a part.

Click Prepare tab. Click Volume Extract in the Analysis group on the Prepare tab. Click Select Edges, shown in Figure D.22,
to select the edges that loop the enclosed region.

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 Figure D.22 Volume Extract, Select Edges, and Selection panel.

Select the inner edge of the inlet highlighted in Figure D.22. Click Selection panel and select Surface hole under Same Size
as shown in Figure D.22. Click Complete in the design window.

Alternatively, the user can select the inner edge of the inlet, rotate the model, hold theCtrl button, select the inner edge of the
outlet, and click Complete.

Click Structure panel and expand Volume under Design1* in the Structure tree. A body named Volume is created under
Volume in the Structure tree. Right-click the body Volume and select Rename. Type my-cold-fluid and press Enter.

Volume Extract is still activated. Click Select Edges from the list of options in the design window. Hold theCtrl button and
select the inner edges of the inlet and the outlet of the inner pipe. Click Complete.

Press Esc to deactivate Volume Extract. Expand the second Volume under Design1* in the Structure tree. A body named
Volume is created under the second volume. Right-click the body Volume and select Rename. Type my-hot-fluid and press
Enter. See Figure D.23.

Figure D.23 Hot and Cold fluid bodies and Split Body by Plane.

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5. Change Material of my-cold-fluid and my-hot-fluid

Click my-cold-fluid under Design1* in the Structure tree. Select Unknown Material in the Properties panel and type My
Fluid . Press Enter. The Fluid cell below Material Name becomes active. Click Fluid and select True from the drop-down list
next to it. Click my-hot-fluid under Design1* in the Structure tree. Click Unknown Material in the Properties panel and click
the arrow. Select My Fluid from the list displayed and click OK. Click anywhere in the design window.

6. Split Body

The model exhibits symmetry around the YZ plane, and therefore we will be modeling half of the created geometry.

To split the geometry we will use the Split Body tool used to split a body by its faces, edges or a plane.

Click Design tab. Click Plane in the Create group on the Design tab as shown in Figure D.23. Click the X axis in the design
window (not the X axis in the triad). A plane that goes through the origin and perpendicular to the X axis is created as shown
in Figure D.23. We will use this plane as a tool to split the model.

Press Esc to deactivate Plane.

Click Split Body in the Intersect group on the Design tab.

Select Target is activated. Hold the Ctrl button and select my-hx, my-cold-fluid and my-hot-fluid under Design1* in the
Structure tree, as shown in Figure D.24.

Figure D.24 Split Body options.

Click Select Cutter from the list of options in the design window, as shown inFigure D.24. Select Plane in the Structure tree.

Each body is split into two bodies in the Structure tree and in the design window.

Click Select Regions to Remove from the list of options. Select my-hx1, my-cold-fluid1 and my-hot-fluid1, under Design1*
in the Structure tree. The bodies will be removed from the model as they are being selected.

Press Esc to deactivate Split Body. Disable Plane under Design1* in the Structure tree to hide it in the design window.

7. Create Named Selections

We will name all the boundaries of the heat exchanger. We will start with the inlets and outlets shown inFigure D.25.

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 Figure D.25 Inlets and outlets of the heat exchanger.

Adjust the view by right-clicking anywhere in the design window and selectingView ⇒ Isometric.

Click Groups panel. Select the inlet of the cold fluid and click Create NS in the Groups panel. Type inlet-cold and press
Enter.

Select the outlet of the hot fluid and click Create NS in the Groups panel. Type outlet-hot and press Enter.

Rotate the model to access the outlet of the cold fluid face. Create a Named Selection on the outlet of the cold fluid and
name it outlet-cold .

Rotate the model to access the inlet of the hot fluid face. Create a Named Selection on the inlet of the hot fluid and name it
inlet-hot .

The last named selection is the symmetry plane shown in Figure D.26. There are five faces in this plane. Hold theCtrl button
and select the five faces. Click Create NS in the Groups panel and type symmetry .

Figure D.26 Symmetry plane and Selection Filter.

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 Another way to select the five faces is provided in this paragraph in case the user encounters difficulty selecting them. Click
the X axis in the triad. Click Selection Filter in the Status Bar and select Visible under Box Selection as shown in Figure
D.26. Click the arrow under Select in the Edit group on the Design tab and select Using Box from the drop-down list. In the
design window, press and hold the left mouse button at a point above the heat exchanger. Drag the mouse downwards and
to the left. Release the mouse at a point below the heat exchanger as shown in Figure D.27. It is very important to drag the
cursor in the negative horizontal direction, otherwise no selections will be made. Visible is selected in the selection filter,
therefore only visible faces are selected. Click Create NS in the Groups panel, type symmetry and press Enter.

Figure D.27 Faces selected for symmetry Named Selection.

8. Share Topology

Click Workbench tab. Click Share in the Sharing group on the Workbench tab to share the interfaces between my-hx, my-
cold-fluid, and my-hot-fluid. A message indicating 9 faces, 34 edges. Click the Complete guide to share all coincident
topology appears on the screen. Click the Complete button to fix the selected problem areas. When sharing is complete, a
message appears at the bottom of the design window and confirms sharing 9 faces, 34 edges. Press Esc to deactivate
Share.

9. Save the Project

Click File and select Save Project to save the Workbench project. Close the SpaceClaim application by clickingFile and
selecting Exit SpaceClaim.

D.5. Chapter 7: Three-Dimensional Fluid Flow and Heat

Transfer Modeling in a Heat Sink
Figure D.28 shows the geometry of the heat sink model. The computational domain is made of the solid heat sink surrounded
by the fluid region. The base of the heat sink will be created first, followed by creating the three fins. Last, the fluid domain will
be created and will be made of six regions in order to control the mesh sizing around the heat sink.

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 Figure D.28 Heat sink model.

Right-click Geometry in Project Schematic and from the drop-down menu, select New SpaceClaim Geometry… to launch
SpaceClaim application.

1. Set the Units

Click File and select SpaceClaim Options. Click Units in the SpaceClaim Options dialog box, and select Millimeters from the
drop-down list next to Length:. Click OK to close the SpaceClaim Options dialog box.

2. Create the Base of the Heat Sink

Click Select New Sketch Plane in the mini-toolbar. Click theY axis, in the design window not the Y axis in the triad, to set the
ZX plane as the sketching plane. The sketch grid in the ZX plane is now available to start the sketch. Click Y axis in the triad
to adjust the view to the ZX plane. Note that the positive Z direction is downwards.

Click Rectangle in the Create group on the Sketch tab. Click the origin to select it as the first corner of the rectangle. Make
sure the pointer displays a green circle before selecting the origin. Drag the mouse in the positive X direction (to the right)
and the positive Z direction (downward) over the sketch grid to preview the rectangle being created. Type 20 , press Tab to
highlight the second dimension. Type 20 and press Enter. Press Esc to deactivate Rectangle.

Click Design tab. Click Pull in the Edit group on the Design tab. Right-click anywhere in the design window and select View
⇒ Isometric. Select Surface under Design1* in the Structure tree. In the design window, press and hold the left-mouse
button while dragging the mouse in the positive Y direction. Release the mouse and type 1 . Press Enter and press Esc
twice to deactivate Pull. The screen should look like Figure D.29.

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 Figure D.29 The base of the heat sink.

3. Create the Fins of the Heat Sink

The fins are created by sketching three rectangles that are 1 mm wide and 20 mm long on the face of the base. The
rectangles are then pulled to create the fins.

Click Sketch Mode in the Mode group on the Design tab. Click the upper horizontal surface of the heat sink base, shown in
Figure D.30, to select it as the sketching plane.

Figure D.30 Select upper surface of the heat sink as the sketching plane.

The default origin of the sketching plane is the center of the surface selected. Click theY axis in the triad to display the ZX
plane. Right-click anywhere in the design window and select View ⇒ Zoom Extents.

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 Click Rectangle in the Create group on the Sketch tab. Click the lower left corner of the base to select it as the first corner of
one of the three fins. Drag the mouse upwards and to the right. Type 20 , press Tab, and type 1 . Press Enter. Click the
upper right corner of the square to select it as the first corner of another fin. Drag the mouse downwards and to the left.
Type 20 and press Tab. Type 1 and press Enter. Enable Define rectangle from center in the Options panel and click the
center of the square to select it as the center of the rectangle. Drag the mouse and type 20 . Press Tab, type 1 , and press
Enter. The screen should look like Figure D.31. Press Esc to deactivate Rectangle.

Figure D.31 Sketch three rectangles on the base of the heat sink.

Right-click anywhere in the design window and select View ⇒ Isometric. Disable Solid under Design1* in the Structure tree
to hide it in the design window. Click Design tab. Click Pull in the Edit group on the Design tab. Select Surface under
Design1* in the Structure tree. In the design window, press and hold the left mouse button while dragging the mouse in the
positive Y direction.

Release the mouse and type 19 . Press Enter. Press Esc twice to deactivate Pull. Right-click anywhere in the design window
and select Show All. Notice that four Solid bodies are created under Design1* in the Structure tree as shown in Figure D.32.

Figure D.32 Combine the four solids created.

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 We will combine all bodies created in the design window into one body by using theCombine tool. Hold the Ctrl button and
select the four Solid bodies created under Design1* in the Structure tree. Click Combine in the Intersect group on the
Design tab as shown in Figure D.32. The four bodies are now united into one body. PressEsc to deactivate Combine. Right-
click Solid under Design1* in the Structure tree and select Rename. Type my-heat-sink and press Enter.

4. Create Fluid Region

The mesh in the fluid region surrounding the heat sink needs to be fine, however, the mesh away from the heat sink can be
coarse to minimize the computational effort. In order to control the mesh sizing in the domain, we will divide the fluid
domain into six regions that can be mesh controlled independently.

Click Sketch Mode in the Mode group on the Design tab. Click the Y axis in the design window (not the Y axis in the triad) to
set ZX plane as the sketching plane. Recall the base of the heat sink was created in this plane and therefore should be
displayed on it. Click the Y axis in the triad to display the ZX plane.

Click Rectangle in the Create group on the Sketch tab. Click any point in the quadrant located at the top left of the design
window to set it as the first corner of the rectangle and any point in the quadrant located at the bottom right of the design
window to set it as the second corner of the rectangle. Make sure not to draw a square and the rectangle is surrounding the
heat sink.

Click Dimension in the Constraints group on the Sketch tab. Select the upper horizontal edge of the fluid rectangle. Drag the
mouse in the negative Z direction (upwards) and click anywhere to place the dimension. Select the numerical value of the
horizontal dimension, type 480 , and press Enter. Select the left vertical edge of the fluid rectangle. Drag the mouse in the
negative X direction (to the left) and click anywhere to place the dimension. Select the numerical value of the vertical
dimension, type 220 , and press Enter. Right-click anywhere in the design window and select View ⇒ Zoom Extents.

We will center the heat sink inside the rectangle around theZ axis by setting the distance between the right edge of the heat
sink and the right side of rectangle equal to the distance between the left edge of the heat sink and the left side of the
rectangle.

Click Equal Distance Constraint in the Constraints group on the Sketch tab. The message displayed at the top left of the
design window guides the user through the selection of the edges. Zooming in and out can make it easier while selecting
the edges.

The first pair of lines are named 1 and 1' as shown in Figure D.33. The second pair of lines are named 2 and 2'. Select the
left edge of the fluid rectangle (1) as the first line of the first pair of Equal Distance Constraint. Select the Z axis (1') as the
second line of the first pair of Equal Distance Constraint.

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 Figure D.33 Pairing the edges for Equal Distance Constraint.

Select the right edge of the fluid rectangle (2) as the first line of the second pair of theEqual Distance Constraint. Select the
right edge (2') of the heat sink as the second line of the second pair of the Equal Distance Constraint.

The fluid domain is adjusted in the design window such that the heat sink appears centered inside the fluid domain around
the Z axis. We will now center the heat sink around theX axis by setting the distance between the top edge of the heat sink
and the top side of the rectangle equal to the distance between the bottom edge of the heat sink and the bottom side of the
rectangle. The first pair of lines to be selected are named 3 and 3' as shown in Figure D.33. The second pair of lines are
named 4 and 4'.

Select the top edge of the fluid rectangle (3) as the first line of the first pair forEqual Distance Constraint. Select the top
edge of the heat sink (3') as the second line for Equal Distance Constraint.

Select the bottom edge of the fluid rectangle (4) as the first line of the second pair and theX axis as the second line of the
second pair for equal distance constraints.

The fluid rectangle is adjusted in the design window such that the heat sink is at its center. When completed, the screen
should look like Figure D.33.

Disable my-heat-sink under Design1* in the Structure tree to hide it. Right-click anywhere in the design window and select
View ⇒ Isometric.

Click Design tab. Click Pull in the Edit group on the Design tab. Select Surface under Design1* in the Structure tree. Click No
merge in the Options panel. In the design window, press and hold the left-mouse button while dragging the mouse in the
positive Y direction. Release the mouse, type 80 and press Enter.

Press Esc twice to deactivate Pull. Right-click Solid under Design1* in the Structure tree and select Rename. Type my-
fluid and press Enter.

5. Subtract the Heat Sink from the Fluid Body

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 Right-click anywhere in the design window and select Show All. Click Combine in the Intersect group on the Design tab.
Combine tool is used to combine or split objects. We will use it to split the fluid domain using the heat sink as a cutter.
Activate Select Target in the list of options in the design window, shown inFigure D.34, if it is not activated. Select my-fluid
under Design1* in the Structure tree as the target object to split. Activate Select Cutter in the list of options in the design
window if it is not activated and select my-heat-sink under Design1* in the Structure tree. A new body named Solid
appears under Design1* in the Structure tree, and this body is a duplicate of the heat sink. ActivateSelect Regions to
Remove in the list of options in the design window and select Solid under Design1* in the Structure tree. Hover the mouse
over the design window and Press Esc to deactivate the Combine tool.

Figure D.34 Combine tool options.

6. Change the Material of my-fluid

Click my-fluid under Design1* in the Structure tree. Select Unknown Material in the Properties panel and type My Fluid .
Press Enter. The Fluid cell below Material Name becomes active. Click Fluid and select True from the drop-down list next to
it.

7. Split the Fluid Domain into Six Bodies

The mesh in the fluid domain surrounding the heat sink needs to be fine. However, the mesh away from the heat sink can be
coarse to minimize the computational effort. In order to control the mesh sizing in the fluid domain, we will split it into six
bodies that can be mesh controlled independently. In this section, we will create two YZ planes to split the fluid domain into
three bodies. Then, we will create two XY planes to split the middle body surrounding the heat sink into three bodies. Lastly,
we will create an XZ plane to split the center body surrounding the heat sink into two bodies.

Click Plane in the Create group on the Design tab. Click the X axis in the design window and not the triad to create a YZ
plane. Press Esc to deactivate Plane.

Click Move in the Edit group on the Design tab. Select Plane under Design1* in the Structure tree. A handle appears on the
selected plane. Click the arrow that is normal to the selected plane (blue arrow) as shown in Figure D.35 to move the plane
in the direction of the arrow. In the design window, press and hold the left mouse button while dragging the mouse in the
negative X direction (to the left). Release the mouse and type 3 . Press Enter. Press Esc twice to deactivate the Move
operation.

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 Figure D.35 Move tool options.

Plane is a plane perpendicular to the X axis located at x = −3 mm. We will use it to slice my-fluid into two bodies.

Click Split Body in the Intersect group on the Design tab. Activate Select Target in the list of options if it is not activated and
select my-fluid under Design1* in the Structure tree. Activate Select Cutter in the list of options if it is not activated and
select Plane under Design1* in the Structure tree. Hover the mouse in the design window and press Esc to deactivate Split
Body.

Right-click my-fluid under Design1* in the Structure tree and select Rename. Type my-fluid-domain-upstream and press
Enter. Right-click my-fluid1 under Design1* in the Structure tree and select Rename. Type my-fluid and press Enter.

Right-click Plane under Design1* in the Structure tree and select Delete.

We will repeat the process to split the downstream fluid body into two bodies. ClickPlane in the Create group on the Design
tab. Click the X axis in the design window and not the triad to create a YZ plane. Press Esc to deactivate Plane.

Click Move in the Edit group on the Design tab. Select Plane under Design1* in the Structure tree. A handle appears on the
selected plane. Click the arrow that is normal to the selected plane (blue arrow) to move the plane in the direction of the
arrow. In the design window, press and hold the left mouse button while dragging the mouse in the positive X direction.
Release the mouse and type 23 . Press Enter and press Esc twice to deactivate the Move operation.

Click Split Body in the Intersect group on the Design tab. Activate Select Target in the list of options if it is not activated and
select my-fluid under Design1* in the Structure tree. Activate Select Cutter in the list of options if it is not activated and
select Plane under Design1* in the Structure tree. Hover the mouse over the design window and press Esc to deactivate
Split Body.

Right-click my-fluid1 under Design1* in the Structure tree and select Rename. Type my-fluid-domain-downstream and
press Enter.

Right-click Plane under Design1* in the Structure tree and select Delete.

We will now split the middle fluid region into three bodies. ClickPlane in the Create group on the Design tab. Click the Z axis
in the design window and not the triad to create an XY plane. Press Esc to deactivate Plane.

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 Click Move in the Edit group on the Design tab. Select Plane under Design1* in the Structure tree. A handle appears on the
selected plane. Click the arrow that is normal to the selected plane (blue arrow) to move the plane in the direction of the
arrow. In the design window, press and hold the left mouse button while dragging the mouse in the negative Z direction.
Release the mouse and type 3 . Press Enter and press Esc twice to deactivate the Move operation.

Click Split Body in the Intersect group on the Design tab. Activate Select Target in the list of options if it is not ativated and
select my-fluid under Design1* in the Structure tree. Activate Select Cutter in the list of options if it is not activated and
select Plane under Design1* in the Structure tree. Hover the mouse over the design window and press Esc to deactivate
Split Body.

Right-click my-fluid under Design1* in the Structure tree and select Rename. Type my-fluid-domain-right and press Enter.
Right-click my-fluid1 under Design1* in the Structure tree and select Rename. Type my-fluid and press Enter.

Right-click Plane under Design1* in the Structure tree and select Delete.

We will repeat the process to split the left middle fluid body into two bodies. ClickPlane in the Create group on the Design
tab. Click the Z axis in the design window and not the triad to create an XY plane. Press Esc to deactivate Plane.

Click Move in the Edit group on the Design tab. Select Plane under Design1* in the Structure tree. A handle appears on the
selected plane. Click the arrow that is normal to the selected plane (blue arrow) to move the plane in the direction of the
arrow. In the design window, press and hold the left mouse button while dragging the mouse in the positive Z direction.
Release the mouse and type 23 . Press Enter and press Esc twice to deactivate the Move operation.

Click Split Body in the Intersect group on the Design tab. Activate Select Target in the list of options if it is not activated and
select my-fluid under Design1* in the Structure tree. Activate Select Cutter in the list of options if it is not activated and
select Plane under Design1* in the Structure tree. Hover the mouse in the design window and press Esc to deactivate Split
Body.

Right-click my-fluid1 under Design1* in the Structure tree and select Rename. Type my-fluid-domain-left and press Enter.

Right-click Plane under Design1* in the Structure tree and select Delete. Click Plane in the Create group on the Design tab.
Click the Y axis in the design window and not the triad to create a ZX plane. Press Esc to deactivate Plane.

Click Move in the Edit group on the Design tab. Select Plane under Design1* in the Structure tree. A handle appears on the
selected plane. Click the arrow that is normal to the selected plane (blue arrow) to move the plane in the direction of the
arrow. In the design window, press and hold the left mouse button while dragging the mouse in the positive Y direction.
Release the mouse and type 23 . Press Enter and press Esc twice to deactivate the Move operation.

Click Split Body in the Intersect group on the Design tab. Activate Select Target in the list of options if it is not activated and
select my-fluid under Design1* in the Structure tree. Activate Select Cutter in the list of options if it is not activated and
select Plane under Design1* in the Structure tree. Hover the mouse in the design window and press Esc to deactivate Split
Body.

Right-click my-fluid1 under Design1* in the Structure tree and select Rename. Type my-fluid-domain-above-hs and press
Enter. Right-click my-fluid under Design1* in the Structure tree and select Rename. Type my-fluid-domain-hs and press
Enter.

Right-click Plane under Design1* in the Structure tree and select Delete.

8. Share Topology

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 Click Workbench tab. Click Share in the Sharing group on the Workbench tab to share the interfaces between the different
bodies created. A message indicating 26 faces, 68 edges appears on the screen. Click the Complete tool guide to share all
coincident topology. Click the Complete button to fix the selected problem areas. When sharing is complete, a message
appears at the bottom of the design window to confirm sharing 26 faces, 68 edges. Press Esc to deactivate Share.

9. Create Named Selections

Disable my-heat-sink under Design1* in the Structure tree to hide it. Click Groups panel. Rotate the model and select the
inlet face of the fluid domain as shown in Figure D.36. Click Create NS in the Groups panel. Type inlet and press Enter.

Figure D.36 Inlet, outlet, and wall named selection.

Adjust the view and select the outlet face of the fluid domain shown inFigure D.36. Click Create NS in the Groups panel.
Type outlet and press Enter.

Hold the Ctrl button and select all the faces on the right side, the left side and the top of the rectangular fluid domain for a
total of 11 faces. The faces are numbered 1 through 11 in Figure D.36, but the order of selecting them is random. Click
Create NS in the Groups panel. Type wall and press Enter.

Right-click anywhere in the design window and select View ⇒ Bottom. Hold the Ctrl button and select all the faces on the
bottom of the rectangular domain for a total of 5 faces as shown in Figure D.37. Click Create NS in the Groups panel. Type
ground and press Enter.

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 Figure D.37 Ground named selection.

Right-click anywhere in the design window and select View ⇒ Isometric. Right-click anywhere in the design window and
select Show All. Click Structure panel. Right-click my-heat-sink under Design1* in the Structure tree and select Hide
Others.

Click Groups panel. Right-click anywhere in the design window and select View ⇒ Bottom. Right-click anywhere in the
design window and Select ⇒ Select All. Hold the Ctrl button and click the bottom surface of the heat sink to deselect it as
shown in Figure D.38. Click Create NS in the Groups panel. Type fins and press Enter.

Figure D.38 Deselect the bottom surface of the heat sink for fins named selection.

Select the bottom face of the heat sink and click Create NS in the Groups panel. Type heat-source and press Enter.

10. Save the Project

Click File and select Save Project to save the Workbench project. Close the SpaceClaim application by clickingFile and
selecting Exit SpaceClaim.

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