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PHP Chapter 3

The document discusses object oriented programming concepts in PHP including creating classes and objects, constructors and destructors, inheritance, abstract classes, static methods, and static properties.

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sarcarzam
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
44 views

PHP Chapter 3

The document discusses object oriented programming concepts in PHP including creating classes and objects, constructors and destructors, inheritance, abstract classes, static methods, and static properties.

Uploaded by

sarcarzam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 35

Apply Object Oriented

Concepts in PHP
Unit - III

Prepared By: Khan Mohammed Zaid, Lecturer, Comp. Engg.,


1
MHSSP
3.1 Creating Classes and Objects
• Class:
✓A class is defined by using the class keyword, followed by the name of the
class and a pair of curly braces.

Syntax:

class class_name
{
//properties;
//methods( );
}

Prepared By: Khan Mohammed Zaid, Lecturer, Comp. Engg.,


2
MHSSP
3.1 Creating Classes and Objects
• Object:
✓Objects of a class is created using new keyword. Each object has properties
and methods defined in the class.

Syntax:

$object_name = new class_name();

Prepared By: Khan Mohammed Zaid, Lecturer, Comp. Engg.,


3
MHSSP
3.1 Creating Classes and Objects
• Object:
<html> <body>
<?php class student {
public $name;
function set_name($n) {
$this->name = $n; }
function get_name() {
return $this->name;
}}
$stud1 = new student();
$stud1->set_name('Zaid');
echo $stud1->get_name();
?></body></html> Prepared By: Khan Mohammed Zaid, Lecturer, Comp. Engg.,
MHSSP
4
3.1 Creating Classes and Objects
• Access Modifiers:
✓There are 3 access modifiers in PHP.

❑Public: Property and method can be accessed from everywhere.


It is default.
❑Protected: Property and method can be accessed within the
class and child class.
❑Private: Property and method can be accessed within the class
only.

Prepared By: Khan Mohammed Zaid, Lecturer, Comp. Engg.,


5
MHSSP
3.2 Constructor & Destructor
• Constructor:

✓Constructor allows you to initialize an object’s properties upon


creation of the object.
✓In PHP, a constructor function name is _construct(). It starts with
an underscore (_).
✓PHP will automatically call constructor when an object for a class is
created.

Prepared By: Khan Mohammed Zaid, Lecturer, Comp. Engg.,


6
MHSSP
3.2 Constructor & Destructor
• Constructor:
<html> <body> <?php
class student {
public $name;
function __construct($n) {
$this->name = $n; }

function get_name() {
return $this->name; }}
$stud = new student("Zaid");
echo $stud->get_name();
?>
</body></html> Prepared By: Khan Mohammed Zaid, Lecturer, Comp. Engg.,
7
MHSSP
3.2 Constructor & Destructor
• Destructor:

✓Destructor is called when the object is destroyed or the script is


stopped or exited.
✓In PHP, destructor function name is __destruct( ). Function name
start to two underscore (__).
✓PHP automatically call this function at the end of the script.

Prepared By: Khan Mohammed Zaid, Lecturer, Comp. Engg.,


8
MHSSP
3.2 Constructor & Destructor
• Destructor:
<?php
class Fruit {
public $name;
public $color;
function __construct($name) {
$this->name = $name; }
function __destruct() {
echo "The fruit is {$this->name}."; }}
$apple = new Fruit("Apple");
?> Prepared By: Khan Mohammed Zaid, Lecturer, Comp. Engg.,
9
MHSSP
3.3 Inheritance
• When a class is derived from another class, it known as inheritance.

• The child class will inherit all the public and protected properties and
methods of parent class.

• In addition, it can have its own properties and methods.

• An inherited class is defined by extends keyword.

• Final keyword can be used to prevent a class inheritance or to prevent


method overriding. Prepared By: Khan Mohammed Zaid, Lecturer, Comp. Engg.,
10
MHSSP
3.3 Inheritance
<?php
class person
{
public $name;
public function __construct($n) {
$this->name = $n; }
public function intro() {
echo "Hello "; } }
class Age extends person {
public function message() {echo "<br> how are you today ".$this-
>name."?"; } }
$a = new Age("zaid", "lecturer");
$a->intro();
$a->message(); ?>
Prepared By: Khan Mohammed Zaid, Lecturer, Comp. Engg.,
11
MHSSP
3.3 Inheritance
• Abstract Class:
• An abstract class is a class that contains at least one abstract method.

• An abstract method is a method that is declared but not implemented in the


class.

• Abstract classes and methods are when the parent class has a named method,
but need its child class(es) to fill out the tasks.

• An abstract class or method is defined with the abstract keyword:

Prepared By: Khan Mohammed Zaid, Lecturer, Comp. Engg.,


12
MHSSP
3.3 Inheritance
<?php
abstract class student { // Parent class
public $name;
public function __construct($name) {
$this->name = $name; }
abstract public function intro() : string; }

class computer extends student {// Child classes


public function intro() : string {
return "Hello.. This is $this->name, i am from computer department“; }}

$stud = new computer("Zaid");


echo $stud->intro();
?>
Prepared By: Khan Mohammed Zaid, Lecturer, Comp. Engg.,
13
MHSSP
3.3 Inheritance
• Static Methods:
• Static methods can be called directly – without creating an instance of a class.
• Static methods are declared with the keyword static.
• To access a static method use class_name, double semi colon(::) and method
name.
class_name :: static_method_name( );
• A class can have both static and non static methods.
• A static method can be accessed from a method in the same class using the
keyword self and double semi colon (::)
self::static_method_name( );
• To call a static method from a child class, use the parent keyword inside child
class. parent::static_method_name( );
Prepared By: Khan Mohammed Zaid, Lecturer, Comp. Engg.,
14
MHSSP
3.3 Inheritance
• Static Methods:
<?php
class greeting {
public static function welcome() {
echo "Hello World!";
}
}

// Call static method


greeting::welcome();
?>

Prepared By: Khan Mohammed Zaid, Lecturer, Comp. Engg.,


15
MHSSP
3.3 Inheritance
• Static Methods:
<?php
class greeting {
public static function welcome() {
echo "Hello World!";
}
public function __construct() {
self::welcome();
}
}
new greeting();
?>
Prepared By: Khan Mohammed Zaid, Lecturer, Comp. Engg.,
16
MHSSP
3.3 Inheritance
• Static Methods:
<?php
class domain {
protected static function getWebsiteName() {
return www.MHSSP.in; }
}
class domainW3 extends domain {
public $websiteName;
public function __construct() {
$this -> websiteName = parent::getWebsiteName();}
}
$domainW3 = new domainW3;
echo $domainW3 -> websiteName;
?>
Prepared By: Khan Mohammed Zaid, Lecturer, Comp. Engg.,
17
MHSSP
3.3 Inheritance
• Static Properties:
• Static properties can be called directly – without creating an instance of a
class.
• Static properties are declared with the keyword static.
• To access a static property use class_name, double semi colon(::) and property
name.
class_name :: static_ property_name;

• A class can have both static and non static properties.


• A static property can be accessed from a method in the same class using the
keyword self and double semi colon (::)
self::static_ property _name;

• To call a static property from a child class, use the parent keyword inside child
class. parent::static_ property _name);
Prepared By: Khan Mohammed Zaid, Lecturer, Comp. Engg.,
18
MHSSP
3.3 Method Overloading
• In PHP, we can perform method overloading with the help of magic
function _call().

• The _call() function accepts two arguments: function_name &


argument (array).

• _call() is automatically invoked whenever a function call is given with


function_name mentioned above.

Prepared By: Khan Mohammed Zaid, Lecturer, Comp. Engg.,


19
MHSSP
3.3 Method Overloading
class shape {
function __call($name_of_function, $arguments) {
if($name_of_function == 'area') {
switch (count($arguments)) {
case 1: return 3.14 * $arguments[0];
case 2: return $arguments[0]*$arguments[1];
}}
}}
$s = new Shape;
echo("Area of Circle: ".$s->area(2));
echo "<br>";
echo ("Area of rectangle: ".$s->area(4, 2));
Prepared By: Khan Mohammed Zaid, Lecturer, Comp. Engg.,
20
MHSSP
3.3 Method Overriding
• When a function is implemented in child class with same name &
signature as that of its parent class, then the function in parent class
is said to be overridden by the child class.

• This process is known as function/method overriding.

Prepared By: Khan Mohammed Zaid, Lecturer, Comp. Engg.,


21
MHSSP
3.3 Method Overriding
<?php
class A
{ public function show()
{ echo "<br>Inside Parent class“;} }
class B extends A
{ public function show()
{ echo "<br>Inside Child class“; } }

$a=new A();
$b=new B();
$a->show();
$b->show();
?> Prepared By: Khan Mohammed Zaid, Lecturer, Comp. Engg.,
22
MHSSP
3.3 Final Keyword
• The final keyword is used only for methods and classes.

• If we define a method with final, then it prevent us from overriding


the method.

• If final keyword is used with class, then it prevents the class from
being inherited.

Prepared By: Khan Mohammed Zaid, Lecturer, Comp. Engg.,


23
MHSSP
3.3 Object Cloning
• Shallow Copy:

• In the process of shallow copying A, B will copy all of A’s field values.

• If the field value is a memory address it copies the memory address, and if the
value is a primitive type it copies the value of the primitive type.

• But in shallow copy, if you modify the content of B’s field you are also
modifying what A’s field contains.

Prepared By: Khan Mohammed Zaid, Lecturer, Comp. Engg.,


24
MHSSP
3.3 Object Cloning
• Deep Copy:
• In this process, the data is actually copied completely.

• The advantage is that A and B do not depend on each other.

• In this method, all the things in object A’s memory location get copied to
object B’s memory location.

Prepared By: Khan Mohammed Zaid, Lecturer, Comp. Engg.,


25
MHSSP
3.3 Object Cloning
• In PHP, when an object is copied using assignment operator (=) then a
shallow copy is performed on the original object.

• To perform a Deep copy, clone keyword is used.

Prepared By: Khan Mohammed Zaid, Lecturer, Comp. Engg.,


26
MHSSP
3.3 Object Cloning
<?php
class student
{ public $name;
public $roll_no;
function __construct($a,$b)
{ $this->name=$a;
$this->roll_no=$b; } }
$stud1=new student("abc",1);
$stud2=$stud1;
$stud3=clone $stud1;
$stud1->name="xyz";
print_r($stud1); echo "<br>";
print_r($stud2); echo "<br>";
print_r($stud3);
?>
Prepared By: Khan Mohammed Zaid, Lecturer, Comp. Engg.,
27
MHSSP
3.4 Introspection
• Introspection, in PHP, is the ability to examine an object’s
characteristics, such as its name, parent class properties (if any),
classes, interfaces and methods.

• PHP offers large number of functions that one can use to accomplish
the task.

Prepared By: Khan Mohammed Zaid, Lecturer, Comp. Engg.,


28
MHSSP
3.4 Introspection
Function Name Description
class_exists( ) Checks whether a class has been defined.
get_class( ) Returns the class name of an object
get_parent_class( ) Returns the class name of an object’s parent class.
is_subclass_of( ) Checks whether an object has a given parent class.
get_declared_classes( ) Returns a list of all declared classes.
get_class_mehtods( ) Returns the names of the class methods.
get_class_vars( ) Returns the default properties of a class.
interface_exists( ) Checks whether the interface is defined.
method_exists( ) Checks whether an object defined a method.

Prepared By: Khan Mohammed Zaid, Lecturer, Comp. Engg.,


29
MHSSP
3.4 Introspection
<?php echo "The class name is: " .
class Introspection get_class($introspection) . "<br>";
{ public function description() { $introspection->description();}
echo "I am a super class for the if (class_exists("Child")) {
Child class.<br>"; $child = new Child();
}} $child->description();
class Child extends Introspection if (is_subclass_of($child,
{ "Introspection")) {
public function description() { echo "Yes, " . get_class($child) . " is
echo "I'm " . get_class($this) , " a subclass of Introspection.<br>";
class.<br>"; }
echo "I'm " . else {
get_parent_class($this) , "'s child.<br>"; echo "No, " . get_class($child) . " is
}} not a subclass of Introspection.<br>";
if (class_exists("Introspection")) { }
$introspection = new Introspection(); }?>
Prepared By: Khan Mohammed Zaid, Lecturer, Comp. Engg.,
MHSSP
30
3.4 Introspection

Prepared By: Khan Mohammed Zaid, Lecturer, Comp. Engg.,


31
MHSSP
3.4 Serialization
• It is a technique used by programmers to preserve their working data
in a format that can later be restored to its previous form.

• Serializing an object means converting it to a bytestream


representation that can be stored in a file.

• This is useful for persistent data; for example, PHP sessions


automatically save and restore objects.

Prepared By: Khan Mohammed Zaid, Lecturer, Comp. Engg.,


32
MHSSP
3.4 Serialization
• Serialize( ):
• It converts a storable representation of a value.

• It accepts a single parameter which is the data we want to serialize and


returns a serialized string.

• A serialize data means a sequence of bits so that it can be stored in a file, a


memory buffer or transmitted across a network link.

Syntax:
serialize(value);

Prepared By: Khan Mohammed Zaid, Lecturer, Comp. Engg.,


33
MHSSP
3.4 Serialization
• Unserialize( ):
• It is used to create the original variable values.

• i.e. converts actual data from serialized data.

Syntax:
unserialize(serialized_string);

Prepared By: Khan Mohammed Zaid, Lecturer, Comp. Engg.,


34
MHSSP
3.4 Serialization
<?php
$s=serialize(array('Welcome','to','PHP'));
print_r($s."<br>");
$us=unserialize($s);
print_r($us);
?>

Prepared By: Khan Mohammed Zaid, Lecturer, Comp. Engg.,


35
MHSSP

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