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PHP Chapter 3

The document discusses object oriented programming concepts in PHP including creating classes and objects, constructors and destructors, inheritance, abstract classes, static methods, and static properties.

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sarcarzam
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46 views35 pages

PHP Chapter 3

The document discusses object oriented programming concepts in PHP including creating classes and objects, constructors and destructors, inheritance, abstract classes, static methods, and static properties.

Uploaded by

sarcarzam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 35

Apply Object Oriented

Concepts in PHP
Unit - III

Prepared By: Khan Mohammed Zaid, Lecturer, Comp. Engg.,


1
MHSSP
3.1 Creating Classes and Objects
• Class:
✓A class is defined by using the class keyword, followed by the name of the
class and a pair of curly braces.

Syntax:

class class_name
{
//properties;
//methods( );
}

Prepared By: Khan Mohammed Zaid, Lecturer, Comp. Engg.,


2
MHSSP
3.1 Creating Classes and Objects
• Object:
✓Objects of a class is created using new keyword. Each object has properties
and methods defined in the class.

Syntax:

$object_name = new class_name();

Prepared By: Khan Mohammed Zaid, Lecturer, Comp. Engg.,


3
MHSSP
3.1 Creating Classes and Objects
• Object:
<html> <body>
<?php class student {
public $name;
function set_name($n) {
$this->name = $n; }
function get_name() {
return $this->name;
}}
$stud1 = new student();
$stud1->set_name('Zaid');
echo $stud1->get_name();
?></body></html> Prepared By: Khan Mohammed Zaid, Lecturer, Comp. Engg.,
MHSSP
4
3.1 Creating Classes and Objects
• Access Modifiers:
✓There are 3 access modifiers in PHP.

❑Public: Property and method can be accessed from everywhere.


It is default.
❑Protected: Property and method can be accessed within the
class and child class.
❑Private: Property and method can be accessed within the class
only.

Prepared By: Khan Mohammed Zaid, Lecturer, Comp. Engg.,


5
MHSSP
3.2 Constructor & Destructor
• Constructor:

✓Constructor allows you to initialize an object’s properties upon


creation of the object.
✓In PHP, a constructor function name is _construct(). It starts with
an underscore (_).
✓PHP will automatically call constructor when an object for a class is
created.

Prepared By: Khan Mohammed Zaid, Lecturer, Comp. Engg.,


6
MHSSP
3.2 Constructor & Destructor
• Constructor:
<html> <body> <?php
class student {
public $name;
function __construct($n) {
$this->name = $n; }

function get_name() {
return $this->name; }}
$stud = new student("Zaid");
echo $stud->get_name();
?>
</body></html> Prepared By: Khan Mohammed Zaid, Lecturer, Comp. Engg.,
7
MHSSP
3.2 Constructor & Destructor
• Destructor:

✓Destructor is called when the object is destroyed or the script is


stopped or exited.
✓In PHP, destructor function name is __destruct( ). Function name
start to two underscore (__).
✓PHP automatically call this function at the end of the script.

Prepared By: Khan Mohammed Zaid, Lecturer, Comp. Engg.,


8
MHSSP
3.2 Constructor & Destructor
• Destructor:
<?php
class Fruit {
public $name;
public $color;
function __construct($name) {
$this->name = $name; }
function __destruct() {
echo "The fruit is {$this->name}."; }}
$apple = new Fruit("Apple");
?> Prepared By: Khan Mohammed Zaid, Lecturer, Comp. Engg.,
9
MHSSP
3.3 Inheritance
• When a class is derived from another class, it known as inheritance.

• The child class will inherit all the public and protected properties and
methods of parent class.

• In addition, it can have its own properties and methods.

• An inherited class is defined by extends keyword.

• Final keyword can be used to prevent a class inheritance or to prevent


method overriding. Prepared By: Khan Mohammed Zaid, Lecturer, Comp. Engg.,
10
MHSSP
3.3 Inheritance
<?php
class person
{
public $name;
public function __construct($n) {
$this->name = $n; }
public function intro() {
echo "Hello "; } }
class Age extends person {
public function message() {echo "<br> how are you today ".$this-
>name."?"; } }
$a = new Age("zaid", "lecturer");
$a->intro();
$a->message(); ?>
Prepared By: Khan Mohammed Zaid, Lecturer, Comp. Engg.,
11
MHSSP
3.3 Inheritance
• Abstract Class:
• An abstract class is a class that contains at least one abstract method.

• An abstract method is a method that is declared but not implemented in the


class.

• Abstract classes and methods are when the parent class has a named method,
but need its child class(es) to fill out the tasks.

• An abstract class or method is defined with the abstract keyword:

Prepared By: Khan Mohammed Zaid, Lecturer, Comp. Engg.,


12
MHSSP
3.3 Inheritance
<?php
abstract class student { // Parent class
public $name;
public function __construct($name) {
$this->name = $name; }
abstract public function intro() : string; }

class computer extends student {// Child classes


public function intro() : string {
return "Hello.. This is $this->name, i am from computer department“; }}

$stud = new computer("Zaid");


echo $stud->intro();
?>
Prepared By: Khan Mohammed Zaid, Lecturer, Comp. Engg.,
13
MHSSP
3.3 Inheritance
• Static Methods:
• Static methods can be called directly – without creating an instance of a class.
• Static methods are declared with the keyword static.
• To access a static method use class_name, double semi colon(::) and method
name.
class_name :: static_method_name( );
• A class can have both static and non static methods.
• A static method can be accessed from a method in the same class using the
keyword self and double semi colon (::)
self::static_method_name( );
• To call a static method from a child class, use the parent keyword inside child
class. parent::static_method_name( );
Prepared By: Khan Mohammed Zaid, Lecturer, Comp. Engg.,
14
MHSSP
3.3 Inheritance
• Static Methods:
<?php
class greeting {
public static function welcome() {
echo "Hello World!";
}
}

// Call static method


greeting::welcome();
?>

Prepared By: Khan Mohammed Zaid, Lecturer, Comp. Engg.,


15
MHSSP
3.3 Inheritance
• Static Methods:
<?php
class greeting {
public static function welcome() {
echo "Hello World!";
}
public function __construct() {
self::welcome();
}
}
new greeting();
?>
Prepared By: Khan Mohammed Zaid, Lecturer, Comp. Engg.,
16
MHSSP
3.3 Inheritance
• Static Methods:
<?php
class domain {
protected static function getWebsiteName() {
return www.MHSSP.in; }
}
class domainW3 extends domain {
public $websiteName;
public function __construct() {
$this -> websiteName = parent::getWebsiteName();}
}
$domainW3 = new domainW3;
echo $domainW3 -> websiteName;
?>
Prepared By: Khan Mohammed Zaid, Lecturer, Comp. Engg.,
17
MHSSP
3.3 Inheritance
• Static Properties:
• Static properties can be called directly – without creating an instance of a
class.
• Static properties are declared with the keyword static.
• To access a static property use class_name, double semi colon(::) and property
name.
class_name :: static_ property_name;

• A class can have both static and non static properties.


• A static property can be accessed from a method in the same class using the
keyword self and double semi colon (::)
self::static_ property _name;

• To call a static property from a child class, use the parent keyword inside child
class. parent::static_ property _name);
Prepared By: Khan Mohammed Zaid, Lecturer, Comp. Engg.,
18
MHSSP
3.3 Method Overloading
• In PHP, we can perform method overloading with the help of magic
function _call().

• The _call() function accepts two arguments: function_name &


argument (array).

• _call() is automatically invoked whenever a function call is given with


function_name mentioned above.

Prepared By: Khan Mohammed Zaid, Lecturer, Comp. Engg.,


19
MHSSP
3.3 Method Overloading
class shape {
function __call($name_of_function, $arguments) {
if($name_of_function == 'area') {
switch (count($arguments)) {
case 1: return 3.14 * $arguments[0];
case 2: return $arguments[0]*$arguments[1];
}}
}}
$s = new Shape;
echo("Area of Circle: ".$s->area(2));
echo "<br>";
echo ("Area of rectangle: ".$s->area(4, 2));
Prepared By: Khan Mohammed Zaid, Lecturer, Comp. Engg.,
20
MHSSP
3.3 Method Overriding
• When a function is implemented in child class with same name &
signature as that of its parent class, then the function in parent class
is said to be overridden by the child class.

• This process is known as function/method overriding.

Prepared By: Khan Mohammed Zaid, Lecturer, Comp. Engg.,


21
MHSSP
3.3 Method Overriding
<?php
class A
{ public function show()
{ echo "<br>Inside Parent class“;} }
class B extends A
{ public function show()
{ echo "<br>Inside Child class“; } }

$a=new A();
$b=new B();
$a->show();
$b->show();
?> Prepared By: Khan Mohammed Zaid, Lecturer, Comp. Engg.,
22
MHSSP
3.3 Final Keyword
• The final keyword is used only for methods and classes.

• If we define a method with final, then it prevent us from overriding


the method.

• If final keyword is used with class, then it prevents the class from
being inherited.

Prepared By: Khan Mohammed Zaid, Lecturer, Comp. Engg.,


23
MHSSP
3.3 Object Cloning
• Shallow Copy:

• In the process of shallow copying A, B will copy all of A’s field values.

• If the field value is a memory address it copies the memory address, and if the
value is a primitive type it copies the value of the primitive type.

• But in shallow copy, if you modify the content of B’s field you are also
modifying what A’s field contains.

Prepared By: Khan Mohammed Zaid, Lecturer, Comp. Engg.,


24
MHSSP
3.3 Object Cloning
• Deep Copy:
• In this process, the data is actually copied completely.

• The advantage is that A and B do not depend on each other.

• In this method, all the things in object A’s memory location get copied to
object B’s memory location.

Prepared By: Khan Mohammed Zaid, Lecturer, Comp. Engg.,


25
MHSSP
3.3 Object Cloning
• In PHP, when an object is copied using assignment operator (=) then a
shallow copy is performed on the original object.

• To perform a Deep copy, clone keyword is used.

Prepared By: Khan Mohammed Zaid, Lecturer, Comp. Engg.,


26
MHSSP
3.3 Object Cloning
<?php
class student
{ public $name;
public $roll_no;
function __construct($a,$b)
{ $this->name=$a;
$this->roll_no=$b; } }
$stud1=new student("abc",1);
$stud2=$stud1;
$stud3=clone $stud1;
$stud1->name="xyz";
print_r($stud1); echo "<br>";
print_r($stud2); echo "<br>";
print_r($stud3);
?>
Prepared By: Khan Mohammed Zaid, Lecturer, Comp. Engg.,
27
MHSSP
3.4 Introspection
• Introspection, in PHP, is the ability to examine an object’s
characteristics, such as its name, parent class properties (if any),
classes, interfaces and methods.

• PHP offers large number of functions that one can use to accomplish
the task.

Prepared By: Khan Mohammed Zaid, Lecturer, Comp. Engg.,


28
MHSSP
3.4 Introspection
Function Name Description
class_exists( ) Checks whether a class has been defined.
get_class( ) Returns the class name of an object
get_parent_class( ) Returns the class name of an object’s parent class.
is_subclass_of( ) Checks whether an object has a given parent class.
get_declared_classes( ) Returns a list of all declared classes.
get_class_mehtods( ) Returns the names of the class methods.
get_class_vars( ) Returns the default properties of a class.
interface_exists( ) Checks whether the interface is defined.
method_exists( ) Checks whether an object defined a method.

Prepared By: Khan Mohammed Zaid, Lecturer, Comp. Engg.,


29
MHSSP
3.4 Introspection
<?php echo "The class name is: " .
class Introspection get_class($introspection) . "<br>";
{ public function description() { $introspection->description();}
echo "I am a super class for the if (class_exists("Child")) {
Child class.<br>"; $child = new Child();
}} $child->description();
class Child extends Introspection if (is_subclass_of($child,
{ "Introspection")) {
public function description() { echo "Yes, " . get_class($child) . " is
echo "I'm " . get_class($this) , " a subclass of Introspection.<br>";
class.<br>"; }
echo "I'm " . else {
get_parent_class($this) , "'s child.<br>"; echo "No, " . get_class($child) . " is
}} not a subclass of Introspection.<br>";
if (class_exists("Introspection")) { }
$introspection = new Introspection(); }?>
Prepared By: Khan Mohammed Zaid, Lecturer, Comp. Engg.,
MHSSP
30
3.4 Introspection

Prepared By: Khan Mohammed Zaid, Lecturer, Comp. Engg.,


31
MHSSP
3.4 Serialization
• It is a technique used by programmers to preserve their working data
in a format that can later be restored to its previous form.

• Serializing an object means converting it to a bytestream


representation that can be stored in a file.

• This is useful for persistent data; for example, PHP sessions


automatically save and restore objects.

Prepared By: Khan Mohammed Zaid, Lecturer, Comp. Engg.,


32
MHSSP
3.4 Serialization
• Serialize( ):
• It converts a storable representation of a value.

• It accepts a single parameter which is the data we want to serialize and


returns a serialized string.

• A serialize data means a sequence of bits so that it can be stored in a file, a


memory buffer or transmitted across a network link.

Syntax:
serialize(value);

Prepared By: Khan Mohammed Zaid, Lecturer, Comp. Engg.,


33
MHSSP
3.4 Serialization
• Unserialize( ):
• It is used to create the original variable values.

• i.e. converts actual data from serialized data.

Syntax:
unserialize(serialized_string);

Prepared By: Khan Mohammed Zaid, Lecturer, Comp. Engg.,


34
MHSSP
3.4 Serialization
<?php
$s=serialize(array('Welcome','to','PHP'));
print_r($s."<br>");
$us=unserialize($s);
print_r($us);
?>

Prepared By: Khan Mohammed Zaid, Lecturer, Comp. Engg.,


35
MHSSP

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