GESELF - Without this work on yourself, the Divine and the other is

life is worthless according to capable of reaching immortality.

LESSON 1: The Self from Various
Socrates: - The body is bound to die on earth
Perspectives
“An unexamined life is not worth and the soul is to anticipate living
3 Classes of people who attended the living.” eternally in a realm of spiritual
Olympic games: - Every man is composed of body bliss in communion with God.
 Lovers of gain and soul (Dualistic).
Thomas Aquinas
 Lovers of honor Plato: The Ideal Self, the Perfect Self - Summa theological
 Lovers of knowledge or - According him man is omniscient - Man is composed of two parts:
wisdom (philosophers) or all-knowing before he came to matter and form.
Philosophy be born into this world. - Matter – man’s body
- “Philos” – love, “Sophia”– - Encourage humanity to seek - Form or morphe – essence of a
wisdom what is good, what is true and substance or thing
- Love of wisdom what is beautiful in the - “The soul is what animates the
- It is the academic study of intellectual realm beyond the body; it is what makes us
anything. appearances. human.”
- It aims to question about our life. - Socrates’ student, basically took - He was the foremost classical
- A process for exploring certain off from his master and proponent of natural theology at
kinds of question. supported the idea that man is a the peak of Scholasticism in
- Doing philosophy not(without) dual nature of body and soul. Europe, and the founder of
knowing philosophy. - Three components of soul: the the Thomistic school of
rational soul, the spirited soul, philosophy and theology.
What is Doing Philosophy? and the appetitive soul.
Don’t: Rene Descartes: “I think. Therefore, I
 Rational Soul – thinking
 Give opinions am.”
element in every human
 Speculate - Father of Modern Philosophy
being, which decided what is
- Conceived of the human person
 Talk aimlessly factual and merely obvious,
as having a body and a mind.
Do: judges what is factual and
- He thought that the only thing
 Use logical analysis what is untrue, and
that one cannot doubt is the
 Investigate questions intelligently makes sensible
existence of the self.
decisions.
“Making arguments is what doing - He his famous, “cogito ergo
 Appetitive Soul – the one
philosophy is all about.” sum”, “I think therefore, I am”.
that is accountable for the
Significance of Philosophy in our Life desires in people. It is David Hume: The Self is the Bundle
Philosophy accountable for the effortless Theory of Mind
- It is not your usual field of study. cravings required to stay - A Scottish philosopher
- All we need are questions and alive like hunger, thirst, and - He argues that the self is nothing
brain. for pointless cravings like else but a bundle of impressions.
- “The goal of philosophy is for us desire to over feed. - Thus, what are impressions?
to use our brain to come up with  Spirited Soul - produces the - If one tries to examine his
the answers that make the most desires that love victory and experiences, he finds that they
sense to us.” honor. In the just soul, the can all be categorized into two:
spirit acts as an implementer impressions and ideas.
Philosophers of the rational soul, making  Impressions – the basic
sure that the rules of reason objects of our experience or
Socrates: Know Yourself
are adhered to. sensation. (ex. When one
- Greek philosopher from
the Classical period. touches an ice cube, the cold
St. Augustine
- Interested in establishing how sensation is an impression)
- He agreed that man is of a
the world works.  Ideas – Considered to be the
bifurcated nature.
- Was more concerned with how copies of expression. (ex.
- An aspect of man dwells in the
people should behave, and so When one imagines the
world and is imperfect and
was perhaps the first major feeling of being in love for
continuously yearns to be with
philosopher of Ethics. the first time, that is an idea)
- According to Hume, self is a - He suggests that the “self” is not form, psychoanalysis is about
bundle or collection of different an entity one can locate and studying man via his unconscious
perceptions, which succeed each analyze but simply the mind and his unconscious mind is
other with an inconceivable convenient name that people use principally predicated on sex.
rapidity, and are in a perpetual to refer all the behaviors that - According to the theory of
flux and movement. people make. psychoanalysis, every individual is
composed of the superego, ego
Immanuel Kant: Respect for Self Merleau-Ponty
and the id. It is the main function
- Man is the only creature who - The main articulation of the self-
of the superego and the ego to
governs and directs himself and philosophy of Merleau-Ponty is
regulate and control the id.
his actions, who sets up ends for existentialism.
 superego (conscience)
himself and his purpose, and who - He also a proponent of
 ego (reality)
freely orders means for the descriptive psychology, this by
 id (internal desires)
attainment of his aims. extension - places the current
- Every man is thus an end in interpretation of reality
himself and should never be dependent on the perception,
treated merely as a means---as consciousness and appreciation
per the order of the Creator and of an individual.
the natural order of things. - Very briefly, existentialism is
- This rule is a plain dictum of predicated on the premise that
reason and justice: “Respect man gives meaning to his own
others as you would respect life. Happiness and sadness are
yourself.” dependent on the individual and
- His most notable contribution for his perception of his on reality.
philosophy is his authorship of Consciousness and perception
the book entitled “Critique of are related to one another.
Pure Reason”.
John Locke: Personal Identity
- In this book, he posited the idea
- He is considered to be the father
that there is a connection
of liberalism.
between reason and experience.
- According to him personal
That in order to have solid
identity is a matter of
rationality, one must have a
psychological continuity. P.I. is
variety of experience and
founded on
exposure. He further contended
consciousness(memory), and not
that there is a correlation
on the substance of either the
between experience and
soul or the body.
rationality. You cannot have one
- The other remarkable
without the other.
contribution of this country
Gilbert Ryle lawyer was the notion of “tabula
- The main concept of Gilbert Ryle rasa”.
is that there is a relationship - This concept posits that everyone
between the body and the mind. started as a blank slate, and the
Conversely, the body affects the content is provided by
mind and the mind affects the experiences and by what one
body. There is a body and mind could prove, as collected by life
dualism. experiences.
- Thus, the self is affected by the - Personality identity is the concept
mind and by the body. The self is about oneself that evolves over
a combination of the mind and the course of an individual’s life.
the body.
Sigmund Freud
- For him, what truly matter is the
- The main contribution of
behavior that a person manifest
Sigmund Freud in the field of
in his day-to-day life.
studying the self is his theory of
psychoanalysis. In its simplest