Calcutta School Of Tropical Medicine

BMLT 3rd Year

Name: Samim Aktar

Course: BMLT (3rd Year)

Session: 2020-23

Subject: Computer

Registration No. 202007281

 Basic Computer Classes
Topics

● Introduction of Computer
o Structure
o Use of internet
o IECT
● History of Computer

● File management system

● Microsoft word

● Microsoft Excel

● Microsoft power point

● Paint

● Email

● Basic Shortcuts

Introduction of Computer
A computer is a device that accepts information (in the form of digitalized
data) and manipulates it for some result based on a program, software, or
sequence of instructions on how the
data is to be processed.

Structure Of Computer: The

structure of a computer can be broadly
divided into two main components:
hardware and software.

Computer hardware refers to the

physical components of a computer system that can be seen and touched.
Each hardware component performs a specific function that contributes to the
overall operation of the computer system. Some common computer hardware
components and their uses include:

● Motherboard: This is the main circuit board in a computer that connects

all other hardware components. It houses the central processing unit
(CPU), memory, and other vital components.
● CPU: The CPU is the "brain" of a computer, responsible for executing
instructions and performing calculations. It is often referred to as the
processor.
● Memory (RAM): This is the temporary storage area where data and
instructions are loaded for the CPU to access quickly.
● Hard drive: This is the primary storage device in a computer that holds
all of the user's files, programs, and operating system.
● Graphics processing unit (GPU): The GPU is responsible for rendering
images and videos, making it essential for gaming and other graphic-
intensive tasks.
● Power supply: This component provides power to all other hardware
components in a computer.
 ● Optical drive: This is a type of storage device that uses lasers to read and
write data from CDs, DVDs, and Blu-ray discs.
● Input devices: These include a keyboard, mouse, and other devices used
to enter data and commands into the computer.
● Output devices: These include a monitor, printer, and other devices that
display or output data from the computer.
● Network card: This component enables the computer to connect to a
network, such as the internet, and communicate with other devices.

Software, on the other hand, refers to the programs and data that run on the
hardware of the computer. This includes the operating system, application
software, and utility software. The operating system manages the computer's
resources, including the CPU, memory, and storage devices, while application
software, such as word processors and web browsers, is used to perform
specific tasks. Utility software is used to maintain and optimize the computer's
performance, such as antivirus software and disk cleanup utilities.

Overall, the structure of a computer is designed to work together to process

data and perform tasks efficiently and effectively.

Use Of Internet: The internet has revolutionized the way we communicate,

access information, and conduct business. It has made it possible to connect
with people from all over the world in real-time, allowing for instant
communication through email, messaging apps, and social media platforms.
The internet also provides easy access to a vast amount of information on
virtually any topic, making research and learning more convenient and
efficient.

In addition to personal use, the internet has become an essential tool for
businesses of all sizes. It has made it possible to conduct online transactions,
reach a wider audience through digital marketing, and provide customer
service and support through websites and chatbots. The internet has also
enabled remote work, allowing people to work from anywhere in the world
and collaborate with colleagues from different locations.

However, the use of the internet also comes with

potential risks, such as cyberbullying, online
scams, and identity theft. It is important to use the
internet responsibly and take measures to protect
personal information and data. Overall, the
internet has become an indispensable part of
modern life, providing countless benefits and
opportunities for personal and professional
growth.

WWW: WWW stands for World Wide Web, which is a system of interlinked
hypertext documents (web pages) that are accessed over the internet. The
World Wide Web is based on the use of hyperlinks, which allow users to
navigate between web pages by clicking on links. The web pages are typically
written in HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) and may include other types of
content such as images, videos, and audio. The World Wide Web has
transformed the way we access and share information, and has become an
integral part of modern society.

ICT: ICT stands for Information and Communication Technology, and it is a

broad term that encompasses a wide range of technologies, tools, and services
used for communication, data processing, and storage. ICT has transformed
the way people communicate and access information, and it has become an
integral part of many aspects of modern life, including education, business,
entertainment, and government services.

ICT includes various hardware devices, such as computers, smartphones,

tablets, and other mobile devices, as well as software applications and
services, such as social media platforms, email, instant messaging, and video
conferencing. Additionally, ICT encompasses the infrastructure and networks
that enable communication and information exchange, such as the internet,
wireless networks, and telecommunications systems.
The widespread use of ICT has revolutionized many industries, improving
productivity, enhancing communication, and creating new opportunities for
innovation and growth. It has also transformed the way people learn, work,
and socialize, enabling greater access to
education, employment, and social
networks. Overall, ICT has had a profound
impact on society and is expected to
continue to drive technological innovation
and progress in the years to come.

History Timeline of computer

invention
Here is a brief history timeline of computer invention:

1837: Charles Babbage conceptualizes the first general-purpose computer

called the Analytical Engine.

1937: The first electronic digital computer, the Atanasoff-Berry Computer

(ABC), is created by John Atanasoff and Clifford Berry.

1941: Konrad Zuse designs and builds the first programmable computer called
the Z3.

1944: The Harvard Mark I computer, an electromechanical machine that can

perform mathematical calculations, is created.

1951: The UNIVAC I (Universal Automatic Computer), the first commercial

computer, is introduced.
1958: Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce independently invent the integrated circuit
(IC) or microchip.

1964: Douglas Engelbart creates the first computer mouse, a device for
controlling a computer cursor.

1971: Intel releases the first microprocessor, the Intel 4004.

1976: Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak create the first Apple computer, the Apple
I.

1981: IBM releases the first personal computer (PC), the IBM PC.

1985: Microsoft releases Windows 1.0, the first successful graphical user
interface (GUI) for IBM-compatible PCs.

1990s: The internet becomes publicly available, and the World Wide Web is
created.

2007: Apple releases the first iPhone, which revolutionizes the mobile phone
industry with its touchscreen interface and app store.

2010: Apple releases the iPad, which popularizes tablet computers.

Present day: Advances in computer technology continue to push the

boundaries of what is possible, from artificial intelligence to virtual reality to
quantum computing.

File Management System

A computer file management system is a software
system that manages the organization and retrieval
of data files stored on a computer. It provides a
structured and efficient way to store, access, and
manage files on a computer. The system includes
features for creating, storing, organizing, retrieving,
and deleting files.
The file management system organizes files in a hierarchical structure, with
directories or folders at the top level, and files within them. It allows users to
create, rename, move, copy, and delete files and directories. The system also
provides features for searching, sorting, and filtering files based on various
criteria.

File management systems also include security features to protect files from
unauthorized access or modification. Users can assign permissions to files and
directories, allowing certain users or groups to access or modify them.

Overall, a file management system is essential for managing data and files
effectively on a computer, enabling users to quickly and easily locate and
access the information they need.

How to create and save a file:

To create and save a file in Windows, follow these steps:

● Open the program you want to create the file in (e.g. Microsoft Word,
Notepad, Excel).
● Click on "File" in the top left corner of the program.

● Click on "New" to create a new document.

● Type or input the content you want in the file.

● Click on "File" again and select "Save As."

● Choose the location where you want to save the file (e.g. desktop,
documents folder).
● Name the file in the "File name" field.

● Choose the file format you want to save it as (e.g. .docx, .txt, .xlsx).

● Click "Save" to save the file.

Your file should now be saved and ready for use in the location you
specified
 Microsoft Word
What is Microsoft Word: Microsoft Word is a word
processing program developed and published by Microsoft.
It is a part of the Microsoft Office suite of productivity
software, and is widely used for creating and editing
documents such as letters, resumes, reports, and other types of written
content. It includes a variety of tools and features for formatting, editing, and
designing documents, including spell check, grammar check, templates, tables,
and images. Microsoft Word is available for both Windows and Mac operating
systems.

Use of Microsoft Word:

Microsoft Word is a popular word
processing program developed by
Microsoft Corporation. It has
various uses in different fields,
including:

Writing and editing documents: Microsoft Word is primarily used for writing
and editing documents such as letters, memos, reports, and academic papers.

Formatting documents: The software provides a wide range of formatting

options for creating professional-looking documents. You can change the font
size and style, add headings, bullets, numbering, tables, and images, and adjust
margins and line spacing.

Collaboration: Microsoft Word allows you to collaborate with others on a

document. You can share your document with others and work on it together
in real-time.

Templates: Microsoft Word has a variety of templates available for creating

different types of documents, such as resumes, flyers, brochures, and business
cards.
Spell check and grammar check: The software has built-in spell check and
grammar check features that can help you avoid errors in your documents.

Translation: Microsoft Word also has a translation feature that allows you to
translate text from one language to another.

Accessibility: Microsoft Word provides various accessibility options for people

with disabilities, such as screen readers, voice commands, and keyboard
shortcuts.

Integration with other Microsoft products: Microsoft Word can be integrated

with other Microsoft products, such as Excel and PowerPoint, for better
productivity and efficiency.

Ribbon:
In Microsoft Word, the ribbon is the main panel that contains all the
commands and features necessary to create, edit, and format a document. The
ribbon is divided into several tabs, each of which has its own set of groups that
contain related commands. Here are the main tabs and their functions in
Microsoft Word:

Home Tab: The Home tab contains basic commands for formatting text and
paragraphs, such as font style and size, alignment, bullets and numbering, and
copy and paste.

Insert Tab: The Insert tab contains commands for adding various types of
content to a document, including pictures, shapes, charts, tables, hyperlinks,
and headers and footers.

Page Layout Tab: The Page Layout tab contains commands for formatting the
overall layout of a document, such as page orientation, margins, page borders,
and columns.

References Tab: The References tab contains commands for creating and
managing citations, footnotes, endnotes, and bibliographies.
Mailings Tab: The Mailings tab contains commands for creating and managing
mail merge documents, envelopes, and labels.

Review Tab: The Review tab contains commands for proofreading and editing
a document, such as spell check, track changes, comments, and protection.

View Tab: The View tab contains commands for changing the view of a
document, such as zooming, page display, and showing or hiding certain
elements of a document.
 Microsoft Power point
What is Microsoft power point: Microsoft PowerPoint is
a software application developed by Microsoft that allows
users to create visual presentations. PowerPoint is typically
used to create slideshows that incorporate a combination of text, images, and
other multimedia content such as videos, audio files, and animations. Users
can design and format their slides using a variety of tools and templates, and
can also add transitions and effects to make their presentations more
engaging. PowerPoint is commonly used in business, academic, and personal
settings for a variety of purposes such as sales presentations, training sessions,
and educational lectures.

Use of Microsoft Power point:

Microsoft PowerPoint is a software application used to create presentations
consisting of a series of individual slides. Here are some common uses of
PowerPoint:

Business presentations: PowerPoint is

often used in the corporate world to
create presentations for meetings,
conferences, and training sessions.

Educational presentations: Teachers

and students use PowerPoint to create
classroom presentations, lectures, and
training materials.

Sales and marketing presentations: PowerPoint is a popular tool for creating

sales and marketing presentations, such as product demos, investor pitches,
and marketing campaigns.

Personal presentations: PowerPoint can be used to create personal

presentations for special occasions like weddings, birthdays, and graduations.
Non-profit presentations: Non-profit organizations use PowerPoint to create
fundraising presentations, donor proposals, and to raise awareness about their
cause.

Webinars: PowerPoint is often used to create webinars, which are online

presentations that are delivered in real-time.

Infographics: PowerPoint can be used to create infographics, which are visual

representations of data or information.

Training and development: PowerPoint can be used to create e-learning

courses, tutorials, and online training materials.

Key Features of Power point:

Microsoft PowerPoint is a presentation software program that is part of the
Microsoft Office Suite. It allows users to create professional-looking
presentations for a variety of purposes, including business meetings, academic
lectures, and personal projects. Some key features of PowerPoint include:

Templates and Themes: PowerPoint offers a wide variety of pre-designed

templates and themes to choose from, which can save time and effort in
creating a professional-looking presentation.

Design Tools: PowerPoint has a range of design tools that allow users to
customize the appearance of their presentation. These tools include options
for adding and formatting text, images, and multimedia content.

Animation and Transition Effects: PowerPoint offers a range of animation and

transition effects that can be used to add visual interest and emphasis to a
presentation.

Collaboration and Sharing: PowerPoint allows users to collaborate on

presentations with others in real-time, either through the use of cloud-based
services like OneDrive or through co-authoring tools within the software.
Presenter Tools: PowerPoint includes features that can help presenters deliver
their presentations more effectively, including speaker notes, timers, and
rehearsal tools.

Integration with Other Software: PowerPoint can be used in conjunction with

other Microsoft Office software, such as Excel and Word, as well as third-party
tools like Adobe Acrobat and Photoshop.

Customizable templates: PowerPoint provides a wide range of customizable

templates that can help users create professional-looking presentations
quickly.

Multimedia support: PowerPoint allows users to include multimedia elements

such as images, videos, and audio in their presentations.

SmartArt graphics: SmartArt graphics in PowerPoint can help users create

visual representations of complex information and data.

Accessibility features: PowerPoint includes accessibility features that allow

users to create presentations that are easier to navigate and understand for
people with disabilities.

Overall, PowerPoint is a versatile and user-friendly tool that offers a wide

range of features and options for creating and delivering effective
presentations.
 Microsoft Excel
What is Microsoft Excel: Microsoft Excel is a
spreadsheet program developed by Microsoft that
allows users to organize, format, and analyse data
using tools such as charts, graphs, and pivot tables. It
is a widely used software application for creating,
editing, and managing spreadsheets, which are used
to store and analyse numerical and statistical data. Excel is used in a variety of
industries and professions, including finance, accounting, business, education,
and research. It provides a wide range of functionalities, including basic
arithmetic calculations, statistical analysis, and complex data modelling.

Use Of Microsoft Excel:

Microsoft Excel is a powerful software application that is used in many
industries and businesses for various purposes. Some of the uses of Microsoft
Excel are:

Financial Analysis: Excel can be used for financial modelling and analysis,
budgeting, forecasting, and financial reporting.

Data Management: Excel can be used to store, organize, and manipulate large
amounts of data. It allows users to sort, filter, and search for data easily.

Business Intelligence: Excel can be used to create dashboards, scorecards, and

charts to visualize and analyse business performance.

Project Management: Excel can be used to create project plans, schedules,

and timelines. It also allows users to track progress and manage resources.

Inventory Management: Excel can be used to track inventory levels, sales, and
purchases. It allows users to analyse trends and forecast demand.

Human Resources Management: Excel can be used to manage employee data,

payroll, and benefits. It also allows users to track attendance and performance.
Statistical Analysis: Excel can be used for statistical analysis, including
regression analysis, correlation, and hypothesis testing. It also allows users to
create charts and graphs to visualize data.

Marketing Analysis: Excel can be used to analyse marketing data, including

customer segmentation, marketing campaigns, and sales performance. It also
allows users to create charts and graphs to visualize data.

Some Important formulas and their uses:

● SUM: Adds up values in a range of cells.

● AVERAGE: Calculates the average of

values in a range of cells.
● MAX: Returns the highest value in a
range of cells.
● MIN: Returns the lowest value in a
range of cells.
● COUNT: Counts the number of cells that contain numbers.

● COUNTA: Counts the number of cells

that are not empty.
● IF: Tests a condition and returns one
value if the condition is true and
another value if the condition is false.
● VLOOKUP: Searches for a value in the
leftmost column of a table and returns a value in the same row from a
specified column.
● HLOOKUP: Searches for a value in the top row of a table and returns a
value in the same column from a specified row.
● CONCATENATE: Joins two or more text strings into one.

● LEFT: Returns the leftmost characters from a text string.

● RIGHT: Returns the rightmost characters from a text string.

● MID: Returns characters from the middle of a text string.

● LEN: Returns the length of a text string.

● TRIM: Removes spaces from the beginning and end of a text string.

●
 Paint
Paint is a simple and easy-to-use graphics editor that comes pre-installed with
most versions of the Windows operating system. It allows users to create and
edit images and drawings using basic tools and features.

Some of the key features of Paint application include:

Drawing tools: Paint provides basic drawing tools like brushes, pencils, and
erasers that allow users to create and edit images and drawings.

Shape tools: Users can easily add shapes

like rectangles, circles, and triangles to
their images using the shape tools.

Colour and fill options: Paint offers a

wide range of colours and fill options
that can be used to colour and fill shapes
and drawings.

Text tools: Users can add text to their images using various font styles and
sizes.

Resize and crop: Images can be easily resized and cropped in Paint to fit the
required dimensions.

Image format: Paint supports various image formats like JPEG, BMP, GIF, and
PNG.

While Paint is not a sophisticated graphics editor, it is a useful application for

quick image editing and drawing tasks. It is easy to use and can be a good
starting point for users who are new to image editing.
 Email
Email, short for electronic mail, is a method of sending messages and files
electronically over the internet or other computer networks. With email, users
can send and receive messages, documents, images, and other types of files to
one or more recipients. An email message typically consists of a subject line, a
message body, and attachments (if any). Users can access their email accounts
using an email client software or a webmail service. Email has become an
essential communication tool in both personal and professional contexts.

Email, short for electronic mail, is a method of exchanging messages between

people using electronic devices. Some of the key features of email include:

● Composing messages: Users can compose messages by typing in the

recipient’s email address, a subject line, and the body of the message.
● Attachments: Email allows users to attach files, such as documents,
images, and videos, to their messages.
● Forwarding and replying: Users can forward emails to other recipients or
reply to the original sender or all recipients.
● Filtering and sorting: Users can organize their emails using filters and
sorting options, such as by sender, subject, or date.
● Storage and archiving: Emails can be stored on email servers or locally
on a user's device, and can be archived for future reference.
● Search: Users can search their email messages using keywords, sender
or recipient names, or other criteria.
● Spam filtering: Email providers often use filters to block spam and
unwanted messages from reaching a user's inbox.
● Signatures: Users can create a signature that appears at the end of each
email they send, which typically includes their name, title, and contact
information.
 ● Encryption: Some email providers offer encryption services to ensure the
privacy and security of emails in transit.

Some Basic Shortcut of Computer

Here are some basic keyboard shortcuts that can be useful in using a
computer:

Ctrl + C: Copy

Ctrl + V: Paste

Ctrl + X: Cut

Ctrl + Z: Undo

Ctrl + A: Select All

Ctrl + S: Save

Ctrl + F: Find

Alt + F4: Close the current window

Ctrl + Alt + Del: Open Task Manager

Windows key + E: Open File Explorer

Windows key + R: Open the Run dialog box

Windows key + D: Show or hide the desktop

Ctrl + Shift + Esc: Open Task Manager directly

Windows key + L: Lock the computer screen

Ctrl + P: Print
These are just a few examples of the many keyboard shortcuts available in a
computer. By learning and using keyboard shortcuts, you can save time and
work more efficiently.