CURRENT ELECTRICITY Mobility : It is defined as the

magnitude of drift
velocity
per unit electric field It is denoted by U .
.

Electric Current :It is defined as the rate of flow of electric u =

(d) SI unit = m2V's-1
of the conductor E
charge through a cross-section .

if the current is flowing through

#charge
Ohm's Law :Et states that the current (i)
steady
a

i conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference (1)

a
=

across the ends of the conductor provided , physical conditions

Current is scalar
⑭ a
quantity o the conductor such as temperature ,
mechanical strain

Si unit is IA 6 23x10'8 electrons

⑪
ampere (A) 1 etc are kept constant.
.
= = .

- -
direction of current
D
# Vai = V = RI
the
charge
A

, 8 R =
constant of proportionality R is
Y
V

O
direction of called resistance of the conductors
-
ve
charge current
↑
Note : The current is same for all cross section of a conductor R =
=

um

of non uniform cross section . o(Slope of I-Y)

#Itr 4 Ltr 4 Ltr 4 Ltr

slope-tano
la Y 51 unit is ohm (-)
#Current in different situation is due to motion of different

charge carriers. # The resistance of a conductor is

Conductors/vacuum Electrolyte Semiconductor discharge tube R m1
Pe where = sunit
= =

due to motion of to due to the due to motion due to tre ions net A net
8-ve ions of 200 Holes o
negative e . P =
Specific resistance or resistivity of the conductor .

Ate: Discharge tube--

containing atomic gases
.
↳ depends upon material of the conductor .

# Current density at a point inside the conductor is defined if length of a given metallic wire of resistance R is stretched

as the amount of current flowing per unit area around that to n times , its resistance becomes neR but its
resistivity remains

point of the conductor , unchanged

.
R
ie R = =
en) =

n =

⑪ Note : Mass of the material

#n
remain constant.

thenSunil Jangra Physics

if area A is not normal to the current but makes an angle Conductivity reciprocal : The of resistivity is known as

O with the direction of current , conductivity specific or conductance It is denoted ·

by
J =
or i =
JACOSO =
J A o
u =
1 = nett siunit-a'm
coso P
#Current density is M
a vector
quantity
↳ SI unit =
Am ? O Relationship between 5, E-FrE
or i =
55.s Eas is small area of given surface areay .

↳ Ohmic Conductors : Those conductors which Obey Ohm's law

velocity with which free
# Drift
average velocity
: The are known as ohmic conductors ·

Cog metals· For ohmic conductors,

electron drifted towards the positive end of the
get the graph between current and potential difference is a
straight
conductor under the influence of an external electric line passing through the origin .
Field
. E
CE-
+

byTj
* O
⑭
= -E
-

Given = -

t *
↳ Non-ohmic Conductors : Those conductors which do not
D

·
In
8

+ -

Obey Ohm's law are known as non-ohmic conductors

·

T time of relaxation +

junction
g diode value
=
e .
diode .

Fondu
,

e =

charge of electron
I A A xi(mA) 1
I
m mass of electron cor

1
=

-
-
E =
applied Electric field .

Y V
Relation
8 ·
between i & Vd
⑭
S
⑭

* ⑪
8 y Y

i An eva Y
there is than
↳Without electric field (eA) more
=
=>
=

The relation between

V and I depends one value of V for
·

I'moving randomly V8 i is non-linear.

the same current :
· i =
0 ; i= 0
on the of v.
sign
Sunil Jangra Physics