PQP: Project Quality plan Any activites at site must be comply with A , B and C

PQP is also called Quality management plan/ Quality 2. Project completion in time
Assurance plan. 3. Project should be complete within Budget.
As per Schedule Q requirements, PQP document is Quality Documents
submitted by contractor to consultant/ client , 30 days 1. PQP Project Quality Plan
prior executing to project. 2. ITP Inspection and test plan
PQP is comprehensive document that outlines the 3. Inspection Checklist
strategies, processes and activities required to ensure that 4. WIR Work Inspection Request
a project delivers that expected level of Quality. 5. Material Inspection Request
In other words, we can say, It is the plan of project that 6. Daily Look ahead
everything we need to know about the project is describe 7. Two weeks look ahead
in PQP. 8 . Weekly Quality Report
PQP covers procurement Inspection, testing, construction 9. Monthly Quality report
completion, handing over and commissioning as per 10. Project Quality index
tender document provided by contractor. 11. Key performance Indicator
It typically includes the following sections. 12. SOR
1. Introduction Site observation Report
Quality policies 13. NCR Non Conformance Report
Abbreviations Supportive documents for quality
Definition 1. Drawings
There are many types of drawings, using for projects, like
Client
Contract Drawing, shop drawing , IFC Drawing. IFC stand
Consultant for issued for construction.
Contractor 2. Material Submittal
3. PQD Pre-qualification Document
2. Quality plan 4. Method statement
References: This project refers to the following What is material submittal in civil construction field?
documents. Material submittal is a combination of documents in which
ISO 9001-2015- Quality management system requirements included full details of supplier , manufacturer and
ISO- 1005- 2018- Quality management system Guidelines material, which contractor need to approved material and
for Quality plan supplier/ manufacturer from consultant.
3. Scope of work Before start activity at site of using that material ,
4. Responsibilities and role of contractor staff in project contractor need approval of that material for using at site
like Pm, CM, Quality managers, Quality Engineers and in the form of submission material submittal to consultant.
Quality inspectors. Contractor purchase department contact with supplier for
5. Quality documents getting material submittal and provide project
Submittal forms specifications for compliance statement and technical data
WIR form sheet.
MIR form Then supplier handover material submittal to contractor
Method statements Materials or QC engineer.
ITP form In that submittal there will be details in osy page which is
Non Conformance Report called table of contents such as below.
INCR 1. Company Profile
Calibration Record 2. Catalogue
Weakly Quality Report 3.Compliance statement
Monthly Quality report 4.commercial / trade / industrial licence
Internal audits 5. ISO certificates
External audits 9001 for quality purpose
Etc. 14001 for environmental
6. Resources 45001 for safety
Organization chart Note : 9001 is must for every materials submittal.
Contractor employees chart But 14001 and 45001 only required which materials has
7. Procurement environmental and safety effects.
8. Quality checklist 6. Previous approvals
9. Records and Registers 7. Material test reports
What is quality? 8. Warranty certificate
There are three parameters of Quality 9.country of origin
Such as ( if material from foreign country )
1. QUALITY Requirements 10. Technical or material data sheet
Like inspection and testing of site activities as per client 11. Safety data sheet
contract documents such as (A) specifications, (B ) Drawing When contractor receive above material submittal from
and (C) BOQ supplier which has 11 numbers of contents.

pg. 1 By Engr A_Rahman

Then contractor materials or QC engineer will prepare Water sampling
cover sheet / page , which is its page of material submittal. 5 litres
Cover sheet / page should have below information such as Admixture Sampling
Client name Sika plaste 550
Consultant name For non structure
Contractor name 3 to 4 litres
Material description Admixture sampling for structural
Specification reference Structuro w425 TG
Drawing reference 3 to 4 litres
BOQ reference After qualifying concrete ingredients quality tests.
Date of submission to consultant Then proceed for mixing ingridients with each other in
Contractor PM and materials engineer signature form of concret.
Contractor materials engineer also need to attach some Visit to operating room in concrete plant and check mix
further documents in submittal like design copy in system.
1. Specifications Load concrete in ready mix truck upto 4 cubic meters
2.contract drawings Take sampling of concrete
3.BOQ Check temperature
After attached above three documents then need to Intial slump
prepare table of contents as per attached documents. 30 minutes slump
Material submittal consist of one hard copy and 3 set of 60 minutes slump
soft copy in CD. Fresh concrete tests such as
Material submittal has 2 two parts for review ( for Density
consultant) Air content
1. Technical part Bleeding
2. Legal part Cubes casting for compressive strenght
Technical part : 3 cubes for 7 days @ 75%
Open specification, Drawing and BOQ. 3 cubes for 28 days @ 100%
It’s read specification If concrete mix design is for non structurals
Specification consists of particular and general specs. Only 6 cubes for compressive strenght
Need to review general and particular as well. If concrete mix design for structural
Drawing 6 cubes for compressive strenght
Sometime materials details not available in specs And Some cubes for Durability tests
Then we have to read drawings, if suppose details Like
available in drawings then follow drawings, if suppose not 3 cubes for water absorption @ 28 days
available details in drawings, then read BOQ if suppose 3 cubes for ISAT
even not available in BOQ. 3 cubes for water absorption @ 7 days
If suppose details not mentioned in contract documents 3 cubes for water absorption @ 28 days
like specifications, Drawings and BOQ. 3 cubes for RCP @ 28 days
Then need to follow manufacturer recommendations and 1 cube for chloride and sulphate content @ 28 days
previous approvals. 90 minutes slump
Legal part 120 minutes slump
Validity of iso certificates Method statement:
Validity of commercial/ trade license. Method statement are documents that details exactly how
Any other certificate must have validity. to carry out work safely. For ensuring construction site
Concrete Mix Design / trail Procedure: health and safety. The purpose of method statement is to
To increase workability of concrete at site describe the safety precautions in a high risk work
To add admixture like plasticize, environment to control risk identified in the risk
Before start concrete mix trail assessment.
Concrete batching plant equipments of production for Method statement consists of following below documents
concrete and site lab at apparatus must calibrated. such as
Visit to concrete batching plant 1. Scope of work
Collect sampling of concrete ingridients such as 2. Purpose and objective
aggregates, Cement , Water and admixture 3.Refrences like contract specification , Contract Drawing,
Aggregates sampling from cold bins Health, safety and environmental plan
20 mm 4. Manpower, Tools, Equipments and Machineries
10 mm 5. Responsibilities of Staff
5 mm / Wash sand 6. PRIOR Activities
Dune sand Noc
If concrete mix design is structural Shop drawings
Take OPC Site permit procedure
If concrete mix design is non structural Exisiting site condition details
Take SRC HSE Requirements
SRC or OPC sampling from sillo quantity 40 kgs 7. Environment Health and safety

pg. 2 By Engr A_Rahman

8 Quality Control SRC is used for non-structure.
9 Procedure Asphalt:
10 Risk assessment Asphalt base course compaction
Asphalt is a combination of bitumen ,coarse aggregates, 97 % to 101.8 %
fine aggregates and filler. Asphalt binder course compaction
Bitumen tests 98 % to 101.8%
1. Penetration test Asphalt wearing course compaction
2 . Specific gravity 98% to 101.8 %
3. Flash point Question : What will happen if asphalt compaction less
4. Ductility than minimum range
5.Solubility Re rolling can be done on asphalt surface for 2 hours with
6. Thin film over test PTR in afternoon like sunlight more heat
7.kinematic Viscosity What will happen if asphalt compaction more than
8. Softening point maximum range
Aggregates tests for asphalt work Asphalt pavement work will reject and remove and replace
1. Partially crushed with new asphalt mix because air voids will be less so life
2. Fully crushed of asphalt surface will not be more that is why rejected
3. Loss angeles and replace with new asphalt material.
4.Aggregates crushing value How you will check sub base or aggregates road base or
5.Soundness wet mix compacted surface
6. Flakiness I will check following points
7.Elongation Such as
8. Water absorption 1. Loose compacted area
9.Grading 2. Pumping
10. P.I 3. Segregation
11.Sand equivalent What is segregation:
12. Stripping and coating When course materials separate from fine material is
Filler Tests called segregation.
1. Gradation Segregation is another name of separation.
2. Specific Gravity What is prime coat ?
3. P.I Prime coat is initial application of cut back asphalt on
Asphalt tests aggregates layer.
1. Marshall moulds Prime coat is also called MC 70
GMB ( Bulk Specific gravity of marshall) MC meduim curing
Stability 70 viscocity grade
Flow Purpose of prime coat
VIM / Air Voids Water proofing
VMA Reducing to loose voids
VFB Hardening base surface
2. GMM test Prime coat material
3. Extraction test 60 % bitumen content
Bitumen Content 40 % cerosine oil
And grading Prime coat temperature
Steel quality tests: 50 to 80 degree centigrades
1.Yield strenght 500 B agrade Prime coat curing time
2.Tensile Strenght 8% more than yield strenght 48 hours minimum.
3. Elongation What is tact coat ?
4. Bend & Rebend It is very light application of emulsified asphalt over the
5. Cross sectional area asphalt existing asphalt layer.
6. Mass per unit meter Tact coat purpose
Fresh concrete tests Bonding between two asphalt layers.
1. Slump Tact coat temperature
2. Density 10 to 60 degree centigrades
3. Air content Tact coat curing time
4. Bleeding Concrete quality tests at site 1 to 2 hours
1. Slump test Tact coat spray rate
2. Compressive strenght 0.3 to 0.6 L/ m2
3 Cubes for 7 days Prime coat spray rate
3 Cubes for 28 days 0.7 to 1.5 L/m2.
Cement has 2 types
1. OPC Oridinary Portland Cement
2. SRC Sulphate Resistance Cement
OPC is used for structural Concrete

pg. 3 By Engr A_Rahman

1. Surface Ground preparation Bitumen ration 3.4% to 4.4%
Need to scarfying 20 CM Compaction 98% to 101.8 %
And compact the surface before embankment layer is Layer thickness 4cm to 6cm
called surface ground preparation , compaction 95 % Surface tolerance in
and CBR 15% minimum Asphaltic base course is 6mm
2. Embankment layers Asphaltic binder course is 6mm
If filling need more than 1.5 meters Asphaltic wearing course is 4mm
Compaction 93% minimum Surface tolerance is checked with travel beam and travel
If filling need less than 1.5 meters then compaction need beam is run on asphaltic wearing surface to check
95% minimum uneven surface.
CBR 15 % minimum for embankment layers 3 methods of curing concrete
Embankment layer compacted thickness 20 cm to 25 cm 1. Water curing method
Dune sand material is used in embankment layers 2. Membrance curing method
Embankment last layer is also called Formation and This method prevent the loss of mixing water from the
ground level. surface of concrete
3. Sub grade 3.Steam curing ( application of heat ).
Compaction 95% minimum QA – system of action and planning needed to
CBR 30% minimum provide confidence that a product or services will
Compated layer thickness is 15 cm +-1cm = 14 cm to 16 satisfy the quality requirements.
cm QC – is the operational techniques (Inspection,
Soil is used in sub grade Examination & Testing) that are used to fulfill quality
4. Sub base requirements.
Compaction 95 % minimum
Quality Control: is the operational techniques
CBR 30 % minimum
(Inspection, Examination & Testing) that are used to
Compacted layer thickness 15 cm +-1 cm
fulfill requirements for quality.
14 cm to 16 cm Quality Assurance: is the system of action and planning
Coarse aggregates 70 % needed to provide confidence that a Product or Service
Fine aggregates/ sand 30 % will satisfy
5. Aggregates road base quality requirements.
Used for internal or local roads QUALITY CONTROL PROCEDURE - Is a
Laying with graders like 1 , 2,3 and 4 document that details the specific steps needed to
Compaction 98% minimum fulfill the Quality activity in the ITP.
CBR 80 % minimum QUALITY CONTROL FORM - Is a writing
5. Wet mix documentation detailing a specific activity in the ITP
Is used for main highways and motorways , plant and QC procedure.
prepared materials A CODE – is a body of laws as of a nation, state or
Laying with paver matchine like asphalt industry group, arranged systematically for ease of
Compaction 100 % minimum use and reference.
CBR 80 % minimum A STANDARD – is a rule or a basis of comparison
In wet mix coarse agregates more in measuring quality, quantity, content, relative
value and etc.
In aggregates road base fine aggregates more
A SPECIFICATION – is a detailed description of
Wet mix compacted layer thickness is 15 cm +- 1cm =
parts or statement of particulars as to actual or
14cm to 16 cm required quality, size and etc.
6. Prime coat / MC meduim curing P&ID – Is a Piping & Instrument diagram show
Temperature 50 degree centigrades to 80 degree piping layout and detailed notes relating to piping
centigrades Instrumentation. This drawing is commonly referred
Spray rate 0.7 liters/ m2 to 1.5 liters/m2 to as the P&ID its object is to indicate all process
7. Asphaltic base course service lines, instrument and controls, equipment &
Bitumen ratio 3.2% to 4.2 % data necessary for the design group. The process
Compaction 97% to 101.8 % flow diagram is the primary source of information for
Layer thickness 6 cm to 10 cm developing the P&ID.
8. Tact coat INSPECTION & TEST PLAN (I T P)
Temperature 10 degree centigrades to 60 degree Is all about document based on detailed
centigrades manufacturing, fabrication and construction
Spray rate 0.3 to 0.6 liters/m2 program that identifies each process description,
9. Asphaltic binder course sets out related sequence of activities to be
inspected, examined and tested with relevant
Biumen ratio 3.4 % to 4.4 %
approved procedures for particular materials,
This asphalt layer is used for main highways, if
components and assembly.
road is local or internal then no required It includes identification of required documents,
Compaction 98% to 101.8 % acceptance criteria, which is responsible, the
Layer thickness 5 cm to 8cm inspection surveillance and the type and level of
10. Tact coat same procedure like 8 inspection including hold, witness and review points
11. Asphaltic wearing course of the contractor, sub-contractor and Saudi Aramco.

pg. 4 By Engr A_Rahman

INSPECTION & TEST PLAN should include the - Ensure the proper disposition of the non-
following information: conformities with the assistance of specialist as
Process descriptions required.
Quality Control Requirements MATERIAL INSPECTION ENGINEER /
Notification Requirements for Supplier Inspection INSPECTOR
(min. 10 day calendar days) Shall perform the receiving inspection according to
SATIP & SAIC as follows:
Responsibilities for Inspection / Test
1. Verifying that all required documents and records
Acceptance Criteria have been supplied by the vendors
Verifying Document 2. Review Certified Material Test Report (CTMR)
Inspection Points (Hold, Witness, Review and and other records received from vendor
Surveillance) 3. Perform visual check that the items have not
INSPECTION ACTION POINT been damaged during transportation
Hold Point (H) 4. Verify that all items meet all requirement on
An inspection point, defined in an appropriate material requisition
document, beyond which an Activity must not 5. Verify that the identification markings of the items
proceed without the approval of the designated are identical with CMTR and other relevant
organization or authority. document received from vendor.
Witness (W)
An inspection point, defined in an appropriate
document, beyond which an Activity can proceed QUE 1 - How will trucks be checked on-site when
after notifying the designated organization or receiving concrete?
authority. ANS 1 - A. Revolution Counter
Contractor’s QC Inspector has the full responsibility B. Ticket Checked for Concrete Batching time and
for performing detailed Inspection during the work Slump Value at the plant.
activity. C. Slump Test.
Review Point (R)
D. Temperature Test (32 C maximum @ Site).
Defined in an appropriate document is the point in
E. Assure Lab Technician is present at the site and
which a work activity cannot Proceed without first
performs testing.
ensuring the review and approval of applicable
F. 6 Cubes or 4 Cylinders should be taken per 50cum
documents
or recommended in the project specification.
Or personnel qualification by a designated
QUE 2 - What is the purpose of the slump test?
organization or authority
Surveillance (S) ANS 2 - To determine the consistency of the
QA/QC organization to monitor work in progress workability of the concrete mix and to check for the
without notice from construction organization. required slumps.
NON-CONFORMANCE - An Activity does not QUE 3 - What are allowable slumps?
conform with an International Code ANS 3 - 2.5cm to 7.5cm (for vibrated structure and
/Standard. without admixture) and If with admixture and
NCR (Non Conformity Report) - A record reporting plasticizer, Slump depends upon the design mix.
the variation from the specified Slump shall be checked as per design mix.
requirements. QUE 4 - What is a plasticizer?
CAR (Corrective Action Report) – It is a record ANS 4 - Usually applied at a low water-cement ratio
reporting the action take to eliminate the concrete to make it workable.
effect & causes of an existing Non Conformity QUE 5 - What is the maximum temperature of
defect or concrete that can be poured into a concrete
other undesirable situation in order to prevent structure?
recurrence. ANS 5 - 32 Degrees C.
DR (Deviation Report) – A report of the concession QUE 6 - Min and Max atmospheric (ambient)
granted by client or owner to certain temperature prior to paving?
deviation from project specification. ANS 6 - Min is 5 Degree C in cold weather and 45
QUALITY CONTROL INSPECTOR / ENGINEER degrees C max for hot weather.
(QCI) QUE 7 - Min and Maximum temperature of
Responsibility: concrete at the site prior to pouring?
- Insuring quality control site surveillance ANS 7 - Min Concrete temp is 10 degrees, and Max is
- Witness inspection and test in accordance with 32 degrees C.
SATIP & SAIC QUE 8 - What is the purpose of curing?
- Verifying the inspection reports and validating the ANS 8 - 1. To maintain the amount of water in the
results concrete mix. 2. To minimize hairline cracks
- Shall continually inspect the work at site and all QUE 9 - Types of Curing?
QA/QC documents shall be managed by ANS 9 - Water Curing - as in ponding, spraying, wet
inspectorate and technical clerk assigned by the sand and wet earth
quality department Membrane Curing - as in plastic film, liquid
- Monitor the timely production of the Inspection membrane curing compound, and reinforced paper
Certificate by construction contractor or sub- Steam Curing.
contractor. QUE 10 - When will you apply the curing of the
concrete?

pg. 5 By Engr A_Rahman

ANS 10 - After the concrete has initially set (35 to 40 ANS 26 - 50 to 90 seconds
minutes is the initial setting time of concrete) QUE 27 - What is the agitating speed of the mixer?
QUE 11 - For how many days are you going to cure ANS 27 - 2 to 6 revolutions per minute (rpm)
a structure? QUE 28 - What is the mixing speed of the mixer?
ANS 11 - Seven days (in some cases like PPC types of ANS 28 - 6 to 18 rpm.
cement, 14 days of curing are recommended). QUE 29 - What is concrete fatigue?
QUE 12 - What is hydration? ANS 29 - It is the weakening of a material caused by
ANS 12 - It is the formation of a compound by the repeated loads.
combination of water and other substances or in QUE 30 - What is creep?
concrete; it is the chemical reaction between water ANS 30 - It is deformation due to the sustained load.
and cement. QUE 31 - How would you know if the concrete has
QUE 13 - How many times do you apply the curing gained its initial set?
membrane? ANS 31 - If there is no more water seen (brightness)
ANS 13 - At least two times. The second application is on the surface of the concrete, or if there is no water
perpendicular to the first and applied after the first on the surface of the concrete.
application has set. QUE 32 - If agitated concrete is discharged after
QUE 14 - Concrete Curing Water shall not have more than one hour, what will happen?
more than …………….. Of total dissolved solids ANS 32 - The concrete is over mixed, becomes hot,
(TDS). and the strength is reduced
ANS 14 - 1000 ppm QUE 33 - How many layers are in the concrete
QUE 15 - Concrete can be dropped freely at a cube?
height of ………… ANS 33 - Concrete Cube is cast in 3 layers.
ANS 15 - 1.5 meter QUE 34 - How many strokes are done in one layer
QUE 16 - Max and min slope of chutes used in in a concrete cube?
pouring concrete? ANS 34 - 35 Strokes in one layer.
ANS 16 - Max slope is 1:2 (Vertical to Horizontal), Min QUE 35 - What is the size of rode used in concrete
slope is 1:3 cube casting and slump test?
QUE 17 - Advantages of reducing the water- ANS 35 - Dia - 16mm and 600mm length.
cement ratio of concrete mix? QUE 36 - What is the size of a concrete cube?
ANS 17 - Increased strength, Increase water ANS 36 - 150mm X 150mm X 150mm.
tightness, Lower absorption, increased resistance to QUE 37 - What is the size of slump cones?
weathering, a better bond between concrete and ANS 37 - Height - 30cm, Top of Cone - 10cm, and
reinforcement. Bottom of cone - 20cm.
QUE 18 - What are the two basic types of concrete? QUE 38 - How many layers are in the slump test??
ANS 18- Structural and nonstructural concrete. ANS 38 - 3 Layers in ASTM and BS but 4 Layers in
QUE 19 - How would you compare 7 days and 28 Indian standard.
days compressive strength of concrete? QUE 39 - How many strokes are done in one layer
ANS 19 - 70 to 75 % of that of 28 days strength. in a slump test?
QUE 20 - What is a composite structure? ANS 39 - 25 Strokes
ANS 20 -It is a structure composed of two materials QUE 40 - What are the essential elements of
as in steel and concrete. Concrete placement? ANS 40 -
QUE 21 - What is a non-composite structure? A. The maximum height of the concrete drop is less
ANS 21 - It is a structure made of either concrete than or equal to 1.5 meters.
or steel. B. Segregation must be prevented by ensuring
QUE 22 - What are the reasons behind the cracks? transit mixture is approved, has operating revolution
ANS 22 - Poor Curing Practice, Poor design, Poor counter, no adding water after batching, and concrete
Vibration which results in segregation, less rebar is placed in such a manner to prevent segregation
covering, poor quality of concrete, movement of false (only shovels can be used to move concrete around
work or forms, higher water-cement ratio, Severe inside the forms no raking allowed. Vibrators should
atmospheric attack which shows the effect on the not be used for that purpose.
heat of hydration with water initially C. Proper vibration must be implemented (proper
QUE 23 - What are the concrete samples? vibrating - dropping the vibrator under its own
ANS 23 - The cylinder and the cubes for the weight until it gets to the desired drop height, then
compressive strength test. leaving it there for 3-7 seconds then pulling at the
QUE 24 - Within how many hours should concrete count of 3 to 4 seconds. When vibrating subsequent
mix be discharged after leaving the batching plant or layers, the vibrator must penetrate a centimeter into
after all the aggregates, cement, and water are in the the older layer.
mixer? D. Some laborers must be continuously watching the
ANS 24 - Within one hour if the mixer is an agitated forms in case a wall is being poured, proper height of
mixer (Also depends on the design mix) and Within each concrete lift must be observed, such as the usual
30 minutes if the mixer is a non-agitated mixer. 600mm stated normally in project specifications.
QUE 25 - What is the initial setting time of Also, tamping on the wall is necessary to assist in the
Concrete Mix? consolidation process.
ANS 25 - 35 to 40 minutes. E. The concrete temperature and the slumps are
QUE 26 - What is the mixing time of a stationary or two strong indicators of the inspector's knowledge. A
central batching plant (concrete)? slump between 75mm and 125mm is normal for

pg. 6 By Engr A_Rahman

normal pours. The maximum allowed temperature for 56. The Slope of Stair should not exceed.
concrete when arriving at the project site is 32. 40º
41. How do you measure the volume of concrete? 57. Minimum diameter of steel in Column.
The volume of concrete is calculated by Multiplying its 12 mm
Length, Width, and Thickness together. For Example – 58. Standard Size of Brick?
1m x1m x1m = 1 m³ of volume of concrete. 19 cm x 9 cm x 9 cm
42. Why Concrete Cover is provided for 59. What is Unit Weight of RCC?
reinforcement? 2500 kg/ m³
Concrete cover for reinforcement is required to 60. One Acre = ____________Sq. ft.
protect the rebar against corrosion and to provide 43560 Sq. ft.
resistance against fire. 61. What is the Full Form of UTM?
43. How to do check level on construction site? Universal Testing Machine
I will check the level on the construction site by Spirit 62. Cement Expire After?
level, Dumpy Level, and Leveling Pipe. 3 month
44. What is the accuracy of the dumpy level or 63. One square meter = _________ Sq. ft.?
minimum reading we can take? 10.76 Sq. ft.
With the help of a dumpy level, we can take up a 5 64. What is unit weight of 25 mm Steel Bars?
mm accurate reading or minimum reading. 3.85 kg/m
45. How do you calculate the weight of 12m long 65. One Hectare = _______Acres
and 10mm dia. Steel on-site? 2.47 Acres
It’s simple, 66. One Gallon = ________Liters
By multiplying the length of the steel bar with its unit 3.78 Liters
weight 67. One kilo newton is equal to _________ kilograms
(Unit wt. of 10mm = 0.60 kg/m) 101.97 KG
Weight of steel = 0.60x 12 68. One Ton is equal to _________ kilograms
= 7.2 kg 1000 KG
46. Which is the equation used for calculating the 69. Maximum Free fall of concrete allowed is______?
unit weight of the steel bar? 1.5 m
(D²/162) is an equation used for calculating the unit 70. Instrument used for level work on a
weight of the steel bar construction site?
47. What is the size of a concrete cube? Dumpy Level
The standard size of a concrete cube is 15 cm x 15 71. Minimum Bars in Circular Column Should
cm x 15 cm be_______
48. What do you do if any concrete cube fails in 28 6 Nos.
days compressive strength test? 72. What is the Full Form of AAC?
If the concrete cube fails in the strength test, I will Autoclaved Aerated Concrete
conduct a core cutter test on concrete and send a report 73. What is the Full Form of NDT?
to higher authorities. Non – Destructive Test
49. What is the mix ratio for M – 20 Grade of concrete? 74. What is the Full Form of JCB?
For M20, the Mix ratio is 1: 1.5: 3 Joseph Cyril Bam ford
50. What are the steps involved in Building 75. Which Test is conducted to determine the
Construction? bearing capacity of Soil?
There are different steps involved in Building Plate Load Test
construction like, 76. Ring and ball test are conducted on which
Concreting construction material?
Masonry work Bitumen
Plastering work 77. Minimum hook length as per IS Code?
Flooring work Ans: 75 mm
Formwork 78. What is the extra length in Bent up bars?
Steel cutting and Bending 0.45
Plumbing Work 79. What is the Least Count of Dumpy?
Electrical Work 5mm
51. What is the Unit weight of 12 mm Steel Bars? 80. What is Full of EGL?
Existing ground level.
0.89 kg/m
81. A First Class Brick Should Absorb Water More
52. What is the Density of Steel?
than?
7850 kg/m³
20 %
53. In Fe – 415 Steel Grade, 415 indicates
82. Number of Bricks used in 1 Cubic meter of
the___________of Steel.
Brickwork?
Tensile Strength
500 Nos.
54. What is the Volume of a 50 kg bag of cement?
83. The Normal Consistency of Portland cement?
0.035 m³
25 %
55. in Residential Building, Average Value of Stair
84. The Expansion in Portland cement is tested
Width?
by…
900 mm

pg. 7 By Engr A_Rahman

Soundness Test Insulation inspection is done after insulation
85. According to IS Code, Full Strength of Concrete Lastly, the final inspection is done after the completion
is achieved after? of the construction
28 Days 99. State out some of the Inspections, done after the
86. What is the Volume of 1 bag of cement? completion of construction?
0.035 m³ Listed are some of the checking or inspection is done
87. Minimum Grade of Concrete Used For RCC? on the exterior side of the construction is,
M – 20 Storm sewer system
88. Cement Expire After? Safety provision (terraces, porches, areaways)
3 month Accessory buildings
89. What is the Full Form of DPR? Drainage
Detailed Project Report Retaining Wall
90. What is the initial and final setting time for Compaction of fill material
cement? Caulking at opening
Initial: Less than 30 min and 600 min. Pavement edging
91. What are the Responsibilities of a Protection against moisture penetration
Construction Manager in the project? Design of dwelling structure
Responsibilities of a Construction Manager in the
100. Alternate Bid is______?
project.
An alternate bid is a proportion stated in the bid to be
Supervising the construction Site.
subtracted or summed from the base bid amount.
Estimate the proper cost of the project
Alternate materials or methods of construction force
Purchasing the materials required for construction
Alternate bids are to be proposed.
before work begins.
101. Explain the Order of Change request?
Purchasing the materials required for construction
Change order request is a written document given by
before work begins.
the owner, requesting an adjustment to the contract
Analyzing the proposals.
sum or an extension of the contract time. It can be
Construction Scheduling & Monitoring
issued by the architect or owners representative.
92. What can be the potential risk factors for workers
125. What is grunting?
on the construction site?
Grunting is a kind of process in which a mix of cement &
Following are the risk factors for workers, for not
sand is in the proportion of 1:3 is shouted on a concrete
following the safety protocols:
surface with the use of a cement gun under the pressure
Risk to fall from height
of 2 to 3 kg/cm2. It is a process with high effectiveness
Failure Scaffold and Trench
maintained for repairing concrete walls or damaged
Change of Electric shock and arc blast
surfaces.
Motion injuries
126. for filling cracks in masonry structures
93. What you know about Hybrid Foundation
involve____ the type of bitumen.
Hybrid Foundation is used to reduce the amount of Plastic bitumen
settlement in high rise building, which contains both 128. What is the type of bitumen used is for filling
soils supported mat and piles. cracks in masonry structures?
94. What are the different ways of demolition? Plastic bitumen is the best-suited bitumen used is for
Demolition is commonly done through Hydro- filling cracks in masonry structures.
demolition, Dismantling and Pressure Bursting. 129. What is the process called for covering the
95. Explain Floating Slab Foundation? concrete placed on the exposed top of an external
Type of mat foundation having the hollow mat wall?
formed by the grid of thick reinforced concrete walls Coping
between two thick reinforced concrete slabs is termed 130. ——– is the wall constructed to resist the
as Floating Slab Foundation. pressure of an earth filling.
96. Explain what is flashing? The Retaining wall.
Joints in a building can be sealed and protected from 132. What is the minimum recommended weight
water penetration through extended construction called of fine aggregate for sieve analysis as per ASTM
as Flashing. It can be installed at the walls and C136?
parapets. 300 g
97. State different types of roof systems? 133. Duration in hours for CBR samples to be
Following are the types of roof system, soaked?
Slate or Stone roofs 96Hrs duration is well sufficient for CBR samples to be
Wood shingle roofs soaked.
Metal roofing systems 134. What is the bearing capacity of soil?
98. What can be the phase inspections done by local The bearing capacity of soil is the ability of soil to
authority while construction? withstand the load imposed by the Foundation.
Various inspections during the construction includes, 135. What do you mean by honeycomb in concrete?
Inspection of Site Air Pocket is another name for honeycomb in concrete
First or pre-construction Inspection which is usually formed during concrete casting.
Inspection of Foundation before placing of concrete 136. What field tests are necessary for the quality
Framing inspection check of cement?

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Following are the tests cement should undergo on 143. Explain grouting?
field; Grout is a fluid form of concrete that is used to fill the
On looking, Cement should have a grey color with a light voids and this method is nothing but grouting.
greenish shade. 144. What is the recommended slump for the
It should feel smooth when rubbed between fingers. If column?
the hand is inserted in heap cement or its bags, it should 75 to 125 mm
feel cool. 146. What are the recommended standards of
When a pinch of cement is thrown in Water then tamping rod used in cube filling for cube test?
cement should float for some time before it sinks. According to the IS code 2386, a 16 mm steel rod with
Cement should be lump-free when checked by putting rounded edge is recommended specifications.
the hand in the mixture. 147. Explain what are the functions of columns in a
137. What are the types of cement? building?
Various types of cement which are used for quality Support structural load and transfer it through beams to
construction are listed below: Portland Pozzolana the foundation.
Cement (PPC), Low Heat Portland Cement, Colored 148. What are the uses of Groynes?
Portland Cement, Hydrophobic cement, Ordinary Uses of Groynes are,
Portland Cement (OPC), White Portland Cement Stop the longshore drift.
(WPC), Rapid Hardening Cement, Portland Slag Cement, Slow down erosion.
Sulphate resisting Portland Cement, White Portland 149. What do we call the portion of a brick cut
Cement (WPC), etc. across the width?
138. What do you mean by Water-Cement Ratio BAT
and how it is related to the strength of concrete? 150. State and Explain reinforcements used in the
The Water-Cement Ratio: Ratio of weight of water to process of prestressing?
the weight of cement used in a concrete mix. A lower The major types of reinforcements used in
constant ensure higher strength and durability but is prestressing are:
difficult to mix i.e. low workability of Concrete Mix. Spalling Reinforcement: The Spelling stress adjured
Admixtures are added to deal with workability. leads to stress behind the loaded area of the anchor
blocks. Which results into the breaking off of the
139. List the steps involved in the concreting
surface concrete.
process?
Equilibrium reinforcements: In this type several
Steps in Concreting are as given below:
anchorages exist where the prestressing loads are
Batching of Concrete
applied in a sequential manner.
Mixing.
Bursting Reinforcements: Various stresses occurs in
Transportation of Concrete
case of the stress concave trajectories towards the
Compaction of Concrete
line of action of load. In order to reduce such stresses,
Curing
here the reinforcement in the form of bursting is
140. What is Bursting Reinforcement? required.
Tensile stresses induced during prestressing operation 151. Explain what is QA & QC?
are called as bursting reinforcement and it is maximum Quality Assurance (QA): Set of activities to make sure
where the stress trajectories are concave towards the quality in the processes by which works are done is
line of action of the load. termed as Quality Assurance (QA). It is the process of
141. What are the major difficulties faced during
managing for quality.
pumping concrete works? Quality Control (QC): Quality Control can be defined as
Difficulties are discussed below, a set of activities that ensure quality in work. This
The force needs to overcome the friction between activities focus on identifying defects in the actual
concrete and the pumping pipes along with the weight products produced.
of concrete and the pressure head. 152. List down the Ratio of Grades M5, M7.5, M10,
Segregation and Bleeding are the major problems M15, M20, M25, M30, M35, M40?
associated with pumping. The grades are having the following ratios:
Aggregate selection is important in this process to M5 – 1:5:10
reduce errors in work. M7.5 – 1:4:8
142. Reason for concrete being weak in tension? M10 – 1:3:6
Concrete is a combination of materials like several M15 – 1:2:4
aggregate types, cement, pozzolana, water, air, etc. M20 – 1:1.5:3
which stick together with a cement paste are. The zone M25 – 1:1:2
called the “interface zone” is the weakest link in the M30, M35, M40 – Design Mix Followed
structure. During compression, that interface is the only 153. The length of each fish plate is_______
to transfer compressive stresses from aggregate to 457.2mm
aggregate. Which does not require exceptional strength. 154. Rail chairs are used to fix what?
While the scenario under tension is not the same. The Double head rails
aggregates in tension are trying to pull away from each 177. List out the different steps involved in
other and the bond is what holds it tightly. Since it is building construction?
significantly weaker than the aggregates, it is what Major steps involved in Building construction like,
results in failure. Concreting

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Masonry work
Plastering work
Flooring work
Formwork
Steel cutting and Bending
178. How will you measure the volume of
concrete?
It is a simple task of multiplying its Length, Width, and
Thickness together. For Example – 2m x 2m x 2m = 8 m³
of the volume of concrete.
179. Why Concrete Cover is provided to
reinforcement?
The function of the cover is to protect the reinforcement
bars against corrosion and to provide ultimately provide
resistance against fire.
180. How to do check level on construction site?
Spirit level, Dumpy Level, and Leveling Pipes are used to
check levels on construction sites.
181. What is the accuracy of the least count we
can take of the dumpy level?
5mm is the least count for dumpy level. It is the
accuracy that can be provided by dumpy level.
182. How will you calculate the weight of 12m
long and 10mm dia. steel bar on-site?
Here, we can multiply the length of the steel bar by its
unit weight
(Unit wt. of 10mm = 0.60 kg/m)
Therefore, Weight of steel = 0.60x 12 = 7.2 kg
183. Which is the equation used for calculating
the unit weight of the steel bar?
(D²/162) is the general equation used to calculate unit
weight of steel bar.
145. State the size of a concrete cube?
15 cm x 15 cm x 15 cm
184. What is the procedure to be followed if any
concrete cube fails in 28 days compressive
strength test?
After the failure of the concrete cube in compression
strength test, conduct a core cutter test on concrete,
and a report is sent to higher authorities.
185. ____ is the mix ratio for M – 20 Grade of
concrete.
1: 1.5: 3
186. State the Unit weight of 12 mm Steel Bars.
0.89 kg/m
187. Define floating slab foundation?
A floating concrete foundation is a type of mat
foundation that consists of the hollow mat formed by a
grid of thick reinforced concrete walls between two
thick reinforced concrete slabs is called as a floating
concrete foundation.
188. The density of steel used in construction?
7850 kg/m³
189. In Fe – 415 Steel Grade, 415 indicates _____of
Steel.
415 is the Tensile Strength of steel.
190. What is the curb and also state the height of
the low curb?
A curb is defined as a structure that can separate
pavement and median, pavement and shoulder,
pavement and footpath. The height of the low curb is
restricted to 100mm only.

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