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Principles, Processes and Ethics

Lesson 1
 Communication is used to meed the
- purpose of a person. The purpose could be
to inform, to persuade, or to entertain.

Communication can be in the form of

-
written, verbal, non-verbal, and visuals.

COMMUNICATION -
Communication can be intended or
unintended

PRINCIPLES -
Communication is a complex process that
requires you to:

know your audience, determine your

Communication is a process of purpose, identify your topic, expect
exchanging verbal and/or non- objections
verbal information between two
or more people who can be either establish credibility with your target
the speaker or the receiver of audience, present information clearly and
messages. objectively, and develop a practical, useful
way to seek for feedback.
 COMMUNICATION
PROCESSES
The communication process involves elements such
as source, message, encoding, channel, decoding,
receiver, feedback, context and barrier.

Back to Agenda Page

Source - the Message - the Encoding - the Channel - the means Decoding - the
message, to deliver a message process of
speaker or process of
information, or such as face-to-face
transferring interpreting an
sender of a ideas from the conversations,
encoded message
source or the message. telephone calls, e-
message. mails, and memos,
speaker.
among others.

Barriers - the factors that may affect the

Receiver - the Feedback - the Context - the situation
communication process.
reactions or or environment in
recipient of the
responses of the which communication Examples of barriers to communication:
message. takes place.
Culture
receiver to the Individual differences
message from the Language use
Noise
sender. Past Experiences
Status

1 2
On the other hand, communication as a two-way process is exemplified by a
Communication can be one-way or two-way process. Communication as a
transaction model as shown in Figure 2. In this model, the messages,
one-way process is best illustrated in the model of Shannon-Weaver (1949)
information, or ideas are sent and received at the same time. Hence, the
as shown in Figure 1. In this model, the sender is active while the receiver is
sender and the receiver become active during the process, and both serve as
passive during the communication process.
communicators.
Communication Processes
 Respect diversity of

COMMUNICATION
Uphold integrity - Be perspective and privacy - Show
truthful with your opinion compassion and consideration

ETHICS
and be accurate with your with the beliefs, status,
judgment. affiliations, and privacy of
others.

Effective communicators
Observe freedom of
observe ethics. This means expression effectively - Be Promote access to communication -
Give others an opportunity to
that they deal with values, careful of what and how you
express what they feel and think
say your words depending on
righteousness, and behavior the type of people you are
about the message being
communcated.
appropriate for human communication with.

communication particularly in Be open-minded - Accept that Develop your sense of

a multicultural situation. Below others have different views or
accountability -
opinions, which may conflict with
are some of the ethical yours. So, listen and process the Acknowledge responsibility
views of other people, and learn
considerations. how to reconcile their opinions
for all your actions, good or
with your own. bad.
GUIDELINES FOR EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION
Effective communication plays a crucial role in your personal and professional success. Below are some guidelines for effective
communication.

Be clear with your purpose - As a sender, you must have a specific purpose in mind. This can help you convey your message effectively to
your target audience or receivers in written, verbal, non-verbal, or visual form.
Support your message with facts - When you provide an incomplete or vague information, you can cause confusion or misunderstanding
in your audience. Hence, you should be well-prepared with your supporting ideas through examples, experiences, or observations when
you deliver a message.
Be concise - There is always a sense of this cliche “ keep it short and simple”. Avoid irrelevant or unnecessary details in your message and
keep it concise.
Provide specific information in your feedback - Give feedback that is timely, constructive, and specific to the topic being discussed.
Adjust to the needs, interests, values, and beliefs of your audience - Every person has different needs and comes from different cultural
background. Your role as an effective communicator is to adjust to those needs, interests, values, and beliefs of your audience.
Essentially, use language or vocabulary which is appropriate to your audience. Avoid technical terms and jargons because they can be
barriers to communication.
Observe communication ethics - Some ethical practices in communication have been mentioned. Observing ethics in a communication
process will help you build your credibility and make you more professional.
Be your natural self and appear very confident - Have the right attitude and happy disposition in life; control your emotions, and
think well before you speak.