Class 8 Chemistry Syllabus
Class 8 Chemistry Syllabus
Class VIII
Matter
Atomic Structure
Language of Chemistry
Chemical Reactions
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Theme 1: Matter
Learning Outcomes:
Children will be able to:
describe the main postulates of the kinetic theory of matter;
explain the reason of change of one state of the matter to another and vice-versa on the basis of
inter particle space and inter particle attraction and collision;
define and explain the law of conservation of mass using an example.
Matter
Pedagogy/ Transactional Suggested Learning
Key Concepts / Concerns
Strategies* Resources
Main postulates of kinetic
Describing and discussing the main Pictures of collision of
molecular theory of matter. postulates of kinetic theory of matter. particles and exchange of
Explanation of change of
Discussing inter particle space and inter energy.
state of the matter on the particle attraction and collision.
basis of inter particle space (Inter particle space and inter particle Chemicals and glass wares,
and inter particle attraction attraction varies from one matter to barium chloride, sodium
and collision. another. Hence the conditions of change sulphate, weighing balance,
Law of conservation of mass. of state of a matter are different from the test tubes, distilled water,
(statement and explanation other.) filter paper, funnel and
with examples).
Stating the law of conservation of mass. beaker.
Using videos to show that there is no
change in total mass when a physical and
chemical change takes place. (If the
reaction involves combustion in
presence of air, the mass of O2/N2 is
also to be considered)
Total mass of reactants including the
mass of atmospheric gases if any, will be
equal to the mass of the products
formed.
Taking the example of reaction of
barium chloride with sodium
sulphate.
Integration: Physics
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Theme 2: Atomic Structure
This theme focuses on developing children’s understanding about the atom as the building
block of all types of matter. Therefore, in science, it becomes important to know about
the atom and its structure.
In fact, everything on this earth is made up of atoms. It is the atom of an element that
takes part in chemical reactions.
Learning Outcomes:
Children will be able to:
describe that an atom consists of electrons, protons and neutrons;
define atomic number and mass number;
discuss valency of elements and radicals with respect to the number of hydrogen atoms
combining with one atom of the element.
Atomic Structure
Pedagogy/ Transactional Suggested Learning
Key Concepts / Concerns
Strategies* Resources
Fundamental subatomic Discussing historical perspective of Books of science
particles present in an discovery of electrons, protons and /Chemistry
atom: electrons, protons, neutrons. Videos showing the
neutrons. structure of atom
Nucleus and extra nuclear Identifying that a nucleus consists of
parts. protons and neutrons. Electrons are
present in its extra nuclear part.
Atomic number and mass Describing that atomic number (Z) is
number. the number of protons in an atom. It is
also equal to the number of electrons in
an atom.
Mass number: it is the sum of the
number of protons and neutrons in an
atom.
Integration: Physics.
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Theme 3: Language of Chemistry
In previous classes, discussions about the symbols of elements and the formulae of
compounds help in expressing their long names as short-hand notations which forms the
language of Chemistry. In this class children will develop the ability to derive the Formulae
of compounds if symbols of elements/radicals forming the compound and their valencies
are known. They will also be able to write chemical equations if the reactants and products
and their symbols/ formulae are known to them.
Learning Outcomes:
Children will be able to:
recall the symbols of different elements;
derive the formulae of compounds on the basis of valencies of elements and radicals;
write chemical equation of a reaction;
balance chemical equations by applying the law of conservation of mass.
Language of Chemistry
Pedagogy/ Transactional Suggested Learning
Key Concepts / Concerns
Strategies* Resources
Symbols of elements. Revisiting earlier concepts. Valency cards PPT.
Building on children’s previous Video depicting the
learning. important and simple
Conducting quiz to recapitulate the chemical equations in
Formulae of compounds. symbols of elements in the class by which the state of
using valency cards. (symbols and reactants and products
valency of first twenty elements). is also shown.
Chemical equations (from word Encouraging children to derive Quiz.
equations). Formulae of compounds from valency
and symbols/ formulae of elements/
radicals under the guidance of teacher.
Writing word equations followed by
writing the chemical equation.
Explaining the law of conservation of
Law of conservation of mass. mass and its importance in balancing a
chemical equation.
Balancing simple equations Giving practice in balancing simple
Relate the law to the balancing equations.
of simple equations. Specifying the state of the reactants and
Information gathered from a products as (s), (l) and (g) for solid,
chemical equation. liquid and gas respectively by writing
Limitations of a chemical them after their symbols/ formulae.
equation: Catalyst, conditions Using an equation to discuss with
for the reaction, state of the children the information provided and
reactants and products, nature the limitations by/of a chemical
of the chemical reaction are not equation.
gathered from the equation.
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Theme 4: Chemical Reactions
This theme will enable children to understand that several oxides, carbonates and
hydrates on heating are converted to other compounds. Oxides of metals and non-metals
have basic and acidic character respectively. They will also realize and appreciate that
there are different types of reactions such as combinations, decomposition, displacement,
double displacement, exothermic and endothermic reactions.
Learning Outcomes:
Children will be able to:
describe different types of chemical reactions with examples;
identify the type of chemical reaction;
identify different oxides as basic, acidic, amphoteric and neutral;
explain the effect of heat on oxides of some metals.
Chemical Reactions
Pedagogy/ Transactional Suggested Learning
Key Concepts / Concerns
Strategies* Resources
Types of reactions: Explaining that chemical reactions Magnesium wire, match
Combination involve breaking of existing bonds and box.
Decomposition formation of new bonds with Limestone, tongs, test tube,
Displacement absorption or release of energy burner.
Double displacement. normally in the form of heat or light. CuO, ZnO, Al2O3, litmus
Explaining with examples using paper.
chemical equations. Virtual laboratory and
Giving examples of reactions from daily Videos/ PPTs.
life - burning of fuel.
Sharing videos of burning of a
magnesium ribbon. All activities and experiments
Explaining the different types of can be shared through virtual
reactions with examples. laboratory.
Synthesis
CaO + H2O Ca(OH)2
Ca(OH)2 + CO2 CaCO3 + H2O
C + O2 CO2
Decomposition
Decomposition of CaCO3, PbO.
Displacement
Displacement of Cu from CuSO4 by Zn.
Reactivity series: Double displacement
In reactivity series Both the ions are displaced - NaCl +
metals are arranged in AgNO3
order of their reactivity. Asking children to arrange metals - Cu,
The metal that displaces Ag, Al, Mg, Fe in decreasing order of
the metal ion from the their reactivity by consulting the table
solution is more of reactivity series.
reactive. Sharing experiments (videos) for
Predict the reactivity of different metals with metal salt
metals. solution.
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Chemical Reactions
Pedagogy/ Transactional Suggested Learning
Key Concepts / Concerns
Strategies* Resources
Sharing videos of
neutralization of an acid with a
Endothermic and base as an exothermic reaction.
exothermic processes/ dissolution of NH4Cl in water is an
reactions. endothermic process.
Neutralization reaction. Heating metal carbonates, nitrates,
Decomposition reactions to sulphates yield oxides and carbon
form Oxides. dioxides.
Classification of oxides: Oxides are also formed by heating
Acidic element in presence of air.
Basic Activity-1 Heating limestone
Amphoteric strongly over the flame - CaO is
Neutral. formed
Metal oxides are basic; non- Activity-2: Heating Lead
metal oxides are acidic in carbonate strongly - PbO is
nature. formed.
Acidic oxides react with base Dissolving the oxide in water and
and basic oxides react with testing the acidic, basic and neutral
acids. some oxides such as oxide with litmus paper.
ZnO, PbO react both with
acids and bases. These are
amphoteric oxides.
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Theme 5 : Carbon and its Compounds
In this theme children will learn the importance of carbon and some of its compounds. It
is a constituent of all plants and animals. In fact, a large number of compounds are made
up of carbon. It is a very versatile element.
Products such as paper, wooden furniture, soaps, food items are made up of carbon as
one of their elements and used extensively in daily life activities. The fuel that is used
in cars and trucks is also made of carbon.
Learning Outcomes:
Children will be able to:
explain the term allotropy;
describe different Allotropes of Carbon;
state the properties of Graphite and Diamond.
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