Mathematical Methods in Economics-II

Guess Paper-1
Q. Determine if the following vectors are parallel, orthogonal, or neither.

Ans.

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Q. Determine the projection of b = 2, 1,-1 onto a = 1, 0, - 2

Ans.

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  
Q. Determine the projection of b = 1, 0,−2 onto b = 2, 1, − 1 .
Ans.

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Q. Determine the direction consines and direction angles for a = 2, 1, − 4 .
Ans.

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Q. Calculate the dot product of a = (1, 2, 3) and b = (4, 5, 6). Do the vectors form an acute angle,
right angle, or obtuse angle?
Ans.
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Q. Calcualte the dot product of c = ( - 4, - 3) and d = (- 1, 2). Do the vectors form an acute
angle, right angle, or obtuse angle?

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 Q.

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Q. What is a Component? Explain it's with suitable example.
Ans. In situations in which vectors are directed at angles to the customary coordinate axes, a useful

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mathematical trick will be employed to transform the vector into two parts with each part being
directed along the coordinate axes. For example, a vector that is directed northwest can be thought of
as having two parts - a northward part and a westward part. A vector that is directed upward and

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rightward can be thought of as having two parts - an upward part and a rightward part.

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Any vector directed in two dimensions can be thought of

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as having an influence in two different directions. That is,

it can be thought of as having two parts. Each part of a
two-dimensional vector is known as a component. The
components of a vector depict the influence of that vector
in a given direction. The combined influence of the two
components is equivalent to the influence of the single two-dimensional vector. The single two-
dimensional vector could be replaced by the two components.
Angled Vectors Have Two Components
If Fido's dog chain is stretched upward and rightward and pulled tight by his
master, then the tension force in the chain has two components - an upward
component and a rightward component. To Fido, the influence of the chain on his
body is equivalent to the influence of two chains on his body - one pulling
upward and the other pulling rightward. If the single chain were replaced by two
chains. With each chain having the magnitude and direction of the components,

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 then Fido would not know the difference. This is not because Fido is dumb (a quick glance at his
picture reveals that he is certainly not that), but rather because the combined influence of the two
components is equivalent to the influence of the single two-dimensional vector.

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Consider a picture that is hung to a wall by means of two

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wires that are stretched vertically and horizontally. Each
wire exerts a tension force upon the picture to support its
weight. Since each wire is stretched in two dimensions

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(both vertically and horizontally), the tension force of each
wire has two components - a vertical component and a

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horizontal component. Focusing on the wire on the left, we
could say that the wire has a leftward and an upward
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component. This is to say that the wire on the left could be
replaced by two wires, one pulling leftward and the other
pulling upward. If the single wire were replaced by two
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wires (each one having the magnitude and direction of the

components), then there would be no effect upon the
stability of the picture. The combined influence of the two
components is equivalent to the influence of the single two-dimensional vector.
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Consider an airplane that is flying from Chicago's O'Hare International Airport to a destination in
Canada. Suppose that the plane is flying in such a manner that its resulting displacement vector is
northwest. If this is the case, then the displacement of the plane has two components - a component in
the northward direction and a component in the westward direction. This is to say that the plane
would have the same displacement if it were to take the trip into Canada in two segments - one
directed due North and the other directed due West. If the single displacement vector were replaced
by these two individual displacement vectors, then the passengers in the plane would end up in the
same final position. The combined influence of the two components is equivalent to the influence of
the single two-dimensional displacement.

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 Any vector directed in two dimensions can be thought of as having two different components. The
component of a single vector describes the influence of that vector in a given direction. In the next

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part of this lesson, we will investigate two methods for determining the magnitude of the
components. That is, we will investigate how much influence a vector exerts in a given direction.

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Q. Solve the system of linear equations

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Ans. Let D be the determinant of the coefficient matrix.

r
55 a
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Let Dx be the determinant of the coefficient matrix where the x column has been replaced by the
constants from the right hand side.

Let Dy be the determinant of the coefficient matrix where the y column has been replaced by the
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constants from the right hand side.

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 Mathematical Methods in Economics-II
Guess Paper-2
Q.

Ans.

n
65 t.i
39
r
55 a
94 nm
78 ar
Le

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 n
65 t.i
39
r
55 a
94 nm
78 ar
Le

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 Q.

Ans.

n
65 t.i
39
r
55 a
94 nm
78 ar
Le

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 n
65 t.i
39
r
55 a
94 nm
78 ar
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Q. Solve this:

Ans.

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 n
65 t.i
39
r
55 a
94 nm
78 ar
Le

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 n
65 t.i
39
r
55 a
94 nm
78 ar
Le

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 n
65 t.i
39
r
55 a
Q. Solve the linear differential equation.
94 nm

Ans.
78 ar
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 n
65 t.i
39
r
55 a
94 nm
78 ar
Le

Q. Solve the linear differential equation :

Ans.

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 n
65 t.i
39
r
55 a
94 nm
78 ar
Le

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 Q. Solve the linear differential equation :

Ans.

n
65 t.i
39
r
55 a
94 nm
78 ar
Le

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 n
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Q. Solve the linear differential equation:

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Ans.

r
55 a
94 nm
78 ar
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 n
65 t.i
39
r
55 a
94 nm
78 ar

Q. Solve the linear differential equation:

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Ans.

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 n
65 t.i
39
r
55 a
94 nm
78 ar
Le

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 Q. Solve the linear differential equation:

Ans.

n
65 t.i
39
r
55 a
94 nm
78 ar
Le

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 n
65 t.i
39
r
55 a
94 nm
78 ar
Le

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 Mathematical Methods in Economics-II
Guess Paper-3
Q.

n
65 t.i
39
r
55 a
94 nm
78 ar
Le

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 n
65 t.i
39
r
55 a
94 nm

Q. Let V be a vector space.

78 ar
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 Q.

n
65 t.i
39
r
55 a
94 nm

Q.
78 ar
Le

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 Q.

n
65 t.i
39
r
55 a
94 nm

Q.
78 ar
Le

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 Q.

Ans.

n
65 t.i
39
r
55 a
94 nm

Q.
78 ar
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Q. Show that

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 n
65 t.i
39
r
55 a
94 nm
78 ar
Le

Q. The set of Pauli spin matrices, used in the study of electron spin in quantum chemistry, is

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 n
65 t.i
39
r
55 a
Q. Let
94 nm
78 ar
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