SKULL -metopic suture- ar9cula9on between two

halves of the frontal bone

- composed of separate bones and united at
immobile joints called sutures (except for SagiLal suture
mandible) - ar9cula9on between two parietal bones
- divided into cranium and facial bones
(viscerocranium) Lambdoid suture
- the connec9ve 9ssue between bones is - ar9cula9on bet. Parietal and occipital
called sutural ligament
Bregma
CRANIUM - junc9on of the sagiCal and coronal sutures
- vault (calvaria/calva)- upper part of the
cranium; covers the cranial cavity; skullcap Lambda
- base- lowest part of the cranium; floor of - junc9on of the sagiCal and lambdoid
the cranial cavity
Squamous sutures
Consists of the following bones: -ar9cula9on between parietal bone and
- frontal bone (1) tempiral bone
- parietal bone (2)
- occipital bone (1) • Parietomastoid suture – ar9cula9on
- temporal bones (2) between parietal bone and mastoid
- sphenoid bone (1) process of temporal bone
- ethmoid (1) • occipitomastoid suture- ar9cula9on
bet occipital bone and mastoid
DIPLOE process of temporal bone
-Layer of spongy bone that separates the
external and internal tables of compact bone Sphenosqamous suture
of the calvaria - ar9cula9on bet. The greater wing of
- internal table is thinner and more briCle sphenoid bone and squamous part of
than the external table temporal bone

FACIAL BONES (VISCEROCRANIUM) Sphenoparietal suture

Consists of the following bones: -ar9cula9on between the greater wing of
- zygoma9c bones (2) (cheeks) sphenoid bone and parietal bone
- maxillae (2)
- nasal bone s(2) Pterion
- lacrimal bone (2) (eyes) - junc9on where the frontal, parietal,
-vomer (1) sphenoid, and temporal bones are in close
-pala9ne conchae (2) (tubinates) proximity
- mandible (1) - bone in this area is par9cularly thin and
overlies the anterior division of the middle
Note: Nasal conchae humidifies the air the meningeal artery – can be torn by a skull
we breathe fracture resul9ng in an extradural hematoma

SUTURES ANTERIOR VIEW OF THE SKULL

Coronal suture Frontal bone
- ar9cula9on between frontal bone and - forms the forehead and the superior part of
parietal bone the rim of each orbit
 • superciliary arches- located superior • superiorly contributes to the inferior and
to the rim of each orbit; more medial rims of the orbit
pronounced in men than women
• glabella- depression located between zygomaVc process of maxilla
superciliary arches - ar9culates with the zygoma9c bone

Myerson’s sign- lack of habitua9on of Frontal process

glabellar reflex - ar9culates with the frontal bone

Frontal bone body of maxilla

• Supraorbital foramen (supraorbital - located lateral to the opening of the nasal
notch)- located in the medial part of cavity
the superior rim of each orbit; infraorbital foramen
passageway for supraorbital nerve - located within the body of the maxilla, just
and vessels below the inferior rim of the orbit;
• zygomaVc process of frontal bone – passageway for infraorbital nerve and vessels
projects inferiorly forming the upper -Supplies incision to the skin of the cheek,
lateral rim of the orbit ; ar9culates upper lip, lateral aspect of the nose, and
with the frontal process of the upper teeth
zygoma9c bone
alveolar process
ZygomaVc bones (cheekbones) - contains the teeth and forms the upper jaw
- forms the lateral lower rim of the orbits
Nasal bones Mandible
- ar9culate with each other in the midline, - forms the lower jaw (mandible)
and with the frontal bone superiorly -consists of the body anteriorly and the
• nasion- center of the frontonasal ramus of posteriorly
suture
• each nasal bone ar9culates with the angle of mandible
frontal process of each maxilla. - where the ramus and the body of the
mandible meet
Nasal Bones - parts of the body of mandible:
piriform aperture o Base of the mandible- lower part
- large opening in the nasal region and the o Alveolar part of mandible- upper
anterior opening of the nasal cavity; bounded part
superiorly by the nasal bones and laterally
and inferiorly by each maxilla alveolar part of mandible
- contains the lower teeth; resorbed when
Nasal crests (vomer) the lower teeth are removed
- fused bones forming the lower part of the
bony nasal septum; they end anteriorly as the mental protuberance
anterior nasal spine and the paired inferior - midline swelling on the anterior surface of
nasal conchae the base of the mandible

Maxillae mental tubercles

- slightly more pronounced bumps
• located between the orbit and the upper
located just lateral to the mental
teeth
protuberance
mental foramen POSTERIOR PART OF THE SKULL
- passageway for mental nerves and vessels
OCCIPITAL BONE
oblique line Squamous part of occipital bone
– ridge passing from the front of the ramus - main structure in the posterior view of the
onto the body of the mandible; aCachment skull
point for muscles that depress the lower lip

LATERAL VIEW OF THE SKULL Wormian bones – aka intrasutural bones;

Temporal bone - Addi9onal small bones that develop from
- major contributor of the lower por9on of extra ossifica9on centers within the cranium;
the lateral wall of the cranium located in the lambdoid suture or the coronal
squamous part suture
- looks like a large flat plate; forms the
anterior and superior parts of the temporal External occipital protuberance
bones –midline projec9on

ZygomaVc process of temporal bone Superior nuchal lines

- anterior bony projec9on from the lower – curved lines extending laterally from the
surface of the squamous part of the temporal external occipital protuberance
bone; ar9culates with the temporal process
of the zygoma9c bone Inferior nuchal lines
– located ~ 1 inch (2.5 cm) below the superior
tympanic part of the temporal bone nuchal lines
- located immediately below the origin of
the zygoma9c process; contains the Inion
external acous9c meatus (ear canal) – most prominent point of the external
occipital protuberance
petromastoid part
- composed of a petrous part and a Hard Palate
mastoid part - Composed of the pala9ne processes of each
maxilla anteriorly and the horizontal plates of
mastoid part each pala9ne bone posteriorly
- most posterior part of the temporal
bone; con9nuous with the squamous part Vomer
of the temporal bone anteriorly - Contributes to the forma9on of the bony
nasal septum separa9ng the two choanae
mastoid process
- large bony prominence that projects Sphenoid Bone
from the inferior border of the mastoid - Made up of a centrally placed body, paired
part of the temporal bone; aCachment greater and lesser wings projec9ng laterally
point for several muscles from the body, and two downward projec9ng
pterygoid processes
styloid process immediately lateral to each choana
- located medial to the mastoid process;
projects from the lower border of the
temporal bone